The liquid city of Megalopolis

Large city-regions around the world are the principal hubs of economic and cultural globalization. In the United States, for example, 10 megapolitan regions, defined as clustered networks of metropolitan regions, have been identified. Using the criterion of contiguous metropolitan counties, in this paper I propose a definition of US Megalopolis that consists of 52,310 square miles stretching across 12 states, one district (District of Columbia), 124 counties, 13 metropolitan areas and the four major metro regions of Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Washington-Baltimore. In the rest of the paper, I discuss, in turn, the environmental impacts, the economic restructuring and the political entity of Megalopolis.Les grans ciutats regió del món constitueixen els nodes principals de la globalització econòmica i cultural. Als EUA, per exemple, s'han identificat 10 grans regions metropolitanes definides com a xarxes agrupades de grans àrees metropolitanes. En aquest article, hi proposo una definició de Megalòpoli, que comprèn 53.310 milles quadrades i s'estén per 12 estats, un districte federal (Districte de Columbia), 124 comtats, 13 àrees metropolitanes i 4 grans regions metropolitanes (Boston, Nova York, Filadèlfia i Washington-Baltimore). A la resta del treball, s'hi examinen els impactes ambientals, la reestructuració econòmica i l'entitat política de Megalòpoli.Las grandes ciudades regiones del mundo constituyen los principales nodos de la globalización económica y cultural. En los EEUU, por ejemplo, se han identificado 10 regiones metrópolis definidas como redes agrupadas de grandes áreas metropolitanas. En este artículo, propongo una definición de Megalópolis, que comprende 53.310 millas cuadradas y se extiende por 12 estados, 1 distrito federal (el Distrito de Columbia), 124 condados, 13 áreas metropolitanas y 4 grandes regiones metropolitanas (Boston, Nueva York, Filadelfia y Washington-Baltimore). En el resto del trabajo, se examinan los impactos ambientales, la restructuración económica y la entidad política de Megalópolis.Les grandes villes régions du monde constituent les principaux noyaux de la globalisation économique et culturelle. Aux USA, par exemple, on a identifié 10 régions métropoles définies comme des réseaux de grandes aires métropolitaines. Dans cet article, je propose une définition de Mégalopole, qui comprend 53.310 milles carrés et s'étend par douze états, un district fédéral (le District de Columbia), 124 comtés, 13 aires métropolitaines et 4 grandes régions métropolitaines (Boston, New York, Filadelfia et Washington-Baltimore)

Occurrence of the Plains Harvest Mouse, Reithrondontomys montanus (Baird) in Arkansas

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 201

A Sixteen Thousand Year Old Organic Deposit, Northern Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada: Palynology and Significance

A 3 m exposure of sediment containing organics was sampled near the settlement of Arctic Bay, Baffin Island, N.W.T. A total of seven radiocarbon dates have been obtained from the deposit. Three dates between 182.5 and 290 cm depth gave radiocarbon ages between 14,185 ± 760 and 16,849 ± 860. A date from 82.5 to 87.5 cm resulted in an age of 8635 ± 565. An apparent reversal in 14C dates may reflect folding of the sediments associated with the downslope creep of the deposit or rapid accumulation of organics. The three basal dates are the first terrestrial sediments from Baffin Island to date from older than ca. 10,000 BP and less than 20,000 BP. Analysis of the sediment for pollen indicated that it is generally sparse. The pollen assemblage is dominated by Salix, Cyperaceae, and Gramineae pollen and exotic pollen types {Pinus, Picea, Betula, and Alnus) occur sporadically throughout the section.Dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, près de la localité de Arctic Bay, dans l'île de Baffin, on a échantillonné une coupe de 3 m effectuée dans des sédiments renfermant des matériaux organiques. On en a tiré sept datations au radiocarbone. Entre 182,5 et 290 cm, trois datations font remonter les sédiments entre 14 185 ± 760 et 16 849 ± 860. Entre 82,5 et de 87,5 cm, la datation les fait remonter à 8635 ± 565. L'inversion apparente des dates au 14C pourrait indiquer qu'un plissement des sédiments s'est associé au glissement du dépôt ou à l'accumulation rapide de sédiments organiques. Les trois datations effectuées à la base de la coupe représentent les premiers sédiments terrestres de l'île de Baffin à remonter avant 10 000 BP, soit entre 10 000 et 20 000 BP. L'analyse pollinique des sédiments a révélé que le pollen y est plutôt rare. L'assemblage pollinique est dominé par les pollens de Salix, de cyperacées et de graminés ; quelques types de pollens exotiques (Pinus, Picea, Betula, et Alnus) apparaissent de façon sporadique dans toute la coupe.In der Nàhe der Siedlung Arctic Bay, Baffin-lnsel, Nord-West-Territorien, wurden Sediment-Proben, die Organisches Material enthalten, aus einem 3 m tiefen Schnitt entnommen. Insgesamt konnten sieben Radiokarbon-Daten aus dieser Ablagerung gewonnen werden. Zwischen 182.5 und 290 cm Tiefe ergaben drei Datierungen Radiokarbon-Alter zwischen 14 185 ± 760 und 16 849 ± 860. Zwischen 82,5 bis 87,5 cm fùhrte die Datierung zu einem Alter von 8635 ± 565. Eine offenbare Umkehrung in den 14C Datierungen mag wohl das Résultat einer Faltung der Sedimente sein in Verbindung mit einem Herunterrutschen der Ablagerung oder einer raschen Anhàufung organischen Materials. Die drei Datierungen von der Basis des Schnitts sind die ersten Erd-Sedimente von der Baffin-lnsel, die als alter als ca. 10 000 v.u.Z. zu datierne sind und weniger als 20 000 v.u.Z. Die Analyse des Sediments in Bezug auf Pollen zeight, da(3 dieser im allgemeinen spârlich ist. Die Pollen-Ansammlung ist beherrscht von Salix-, Cyperaceae- und Gramineae-Pollen und exotische Pollen-Typen (Pinus, Picea, Betula und Alnus) finden sich sporadisch in dem Schnitt

Macroalgae and Eelgrass Mapping in Great Bay Estuary Using AISA Hyperspectral Imagery.

Results Increases in nitrogen concentration and declining eelgrass beds in Great Bay Estuary have been observed in the last decades. These two parameters are clear indicators of the impending eutrophication for New Hampshire’s estuaries. The NH Department of Environmental Services (DES) in collaboration with the Piscataqua Region Estuaries Partnership adopted the assumption that eelgrass survival can be used as the target for establishing numeric water quality criteria for nutrients in NH’s estuaries. One of the hypotheses put forward regarding eelgrass decline is that an eutrophication response to nutrient increases in the Great Bay Estuary has been the proliferation of nuisance macroalgae, which has reduced eelgrass area in Great Bay Estuary. To determine the extent of this effect, mapping of eelgrass and nuisance macroalgae beds using hyperspectral imagery was suggested. A hyperspectral image was made by SpecTIR in August 2007 using an AISA Eagle sensor. The collected dataset was then used to map eelgrass and nuisance macroalgae throughout the Great Bay Estuary. Here we outline the procedure for mapping the macroalgae and eelgrass beds. Hyperspectral imagery was effective where known spectral signatures could be easily identified. Comprehensive eelgrass and macroalgae maps of the estuary could only be produced by combining hyperspectral imagery with ground-truth information and expert opinion. Macroalgae was predominantly located in areas where eelgrass formerly existed. Macroalgae mats have now replaced nearly 9% of the area formerly occupied by eelgrass in Great Bay

Commons: Governance of Shared Assets [PDF Version]

Abstract & Contents The idea for this book came slowly following a gradual collection of blog posts on the CCRI website in recent years. The posts centred around the general theme of how we manage shared assets and what alternative approaches there might be, informed by research and practice in the governance of commons resources. The whole area of commons and management of common pool resources has become more topical over the last 6 years following the award of the Nobel Prize for Economics to Elinor Ostrom, for her work on commons. Commons has long been an element of research within CCRI, particularly in relation to Common Land and Town and village Greens in England and Wales. Chris Short organised annual conferences on common land management from 1999-2010 which attracted over 1,500 delegates and sponsorship from the Countryside Agency, Defra, Natural England and the Countryside Council for Wales. This book is no more than a set of ‘musings’ or collected thoughts about a range of issues which we have addressed in our professional activities. It does not claim to address all aspects of an issue, or to present a balanced view of research findings. The aim is simply to present some of our ideas about management and governance of a range of resources that can be perceived in some way as ‘shared assets’. The resources addressed range from the local to the global, and encompass what have been termed traditional commons (such as fisheries, pasture, water) and ‘new’ commons such as the internet and urban areas. Our purpose in producing this book is to raise awareness of the principles of commons governance. Our aim is to encourage thinking about the ways in which application of these principles might open up alternative solutions to achieving long-term and sustainable management of the many assets that we share in common. Contents • COP21 - ‘Gentlemen’s Agreement’ or new approach? • Cities and the concept of ‘urban commons’ • Designing the urban commons • Urban commons - the view from beneath • What value street art? • Marine fisheries • What future for Lowland commons? • Peatlands • Climbing the wall • The Internet is not a commons? • Final thought