Synthesis of poly(1,1'-ferrocenylenevinylene) via McMurry coupling

Com base nas grandes modificações das propriedades de materiais poliméricos resultantes da inclusão de unidades organometálicas, descrevem-se neste trabalho a síntese e a caracterização de um polímero organometálico conjugado com estrutura semelhante à de poli(p-fenilenovinileno) (PPV), o qual apresenta grupos 1,1'-ferrocenileno no lugar de 1,4fenileno em sua cadeia principal. Sintetizado por meio de reação de acoplamento de McMurry de 1,1'-ferrocenodialdeído, o poli(1,1'-ferrocenilenovinileno) (PFV) se apresentou na forma de um sólido de cor laranja, amorfo e insolúvel tanto em solventes polares quanto em apolares. Para caracterização do PFV, empregaram-se os métodos de espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR), espectroscopia Raman e análise termogravimétrica (TGA).Motivated by the influence on the physical and chemical properties of polymeric materials caused by the inclusion of organometallic units, the present work is focused on the synthesis and characterization of an organometallic conjugated polymer with similar structure to poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV), in which the phenylene groups are replaced by ferrocenylene units in the main chain. The polymer, poly(1,1'-ferrocenylenevinylene), (PFV), was prepared via McMurry coupling reaction of 1,1'-ferrocenedialdehyde as an orange and amorphous solid, insoluble both in polar and apolar solvents. The characterization of the polymer was carried out employing the following methods: infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).FAPESPCNP

Computation and prediction of intrinsic thermoacoustic oscillations associated with autoignition fronts

A sequential combustor architecture consists of two longitudinally staged combustion zones featuring a propagation-stabilized flame in the first stage and an autoignition-stabilized flame in the second (reheat) stage. This layout allows for increased fuel flexibility compared to single-stage systems and enables clean and efficient combustion of carbon-free fuels such as hydrogen. Interactions between the autoignition-stabilized flame and the acoustic field created by the unsteady ignition front and the surrounding boundaries can result in self-sustained (thermoacoustic) flame oscillations in the reheat stage of the sequential burner, causing performance losses and structural damage. In this paper, an intrinsic flame-acoustic feedback mechanism causing self-sustained thermoacoustic oscillations in a reheat combustor is studied. The intrinsic thermoacoustic feedback is established when an acoustic wave generated by the unsteady ignition front travels upstream and introduces local temperature, pressure and velocity perturbations in the unburnt mixture. These modulate the ignition chemistry and the front kinematics and thus, in turn, act as a new source of perturbation for the ignition front that generates heat release rate oscillations and upstream-traveling acoustic disturbances, closing the feedback loop. Compressible reactive Euler equation computations of autoignition fronts in a simple one-dimensional reheat combustor configuration with fully non-reflecting boundaries are first performed to demonstrate and characterize the intrinsic thermoacoustic oscillations associated with autoignition fronts. These computations show that the autoignition front exhibits distinct harmonic thermoacoustic oscillations which tend to become unstable at some conditions. Next, frequencies and growth rates of the intrinsic thermoacoustic oscillations in the linear regime are predicted using a hybrid approach with flame response transfer functions taken from a forced Euler calculation and using a linearized Euler equation framework to describe the combustor acoustic field. The predictions of the intrinsic thermoacoustic eigenvalue from the linearized Euler equation framework show good agreement with the linear behaviour of these oscillations observed in the Euler computations. The findings of the present work are useful both from a fundamental standpoint for prediction of intrinsic thermoacoustic instabilities and from an industrial perspective for prevention of thermoacoustic instabilities in staged combustion systems. © 2023 The Author(s)Computation and prediction of intrinsic thermoacoustic oscillations associated with autoignition frontspublishedVersio

Constitutivism

A brief explanation and overview of constitutivism

PENAMBAHAN HIDROLISAT PROTEIN IKAN LEMURU (Sardinella lemuru) PADA PEMBUATAN BISKUIT

Protein ikan dapat diekstrak sehingga memperoleh sediaan protein kering. Salah satu sediaan protein kering adalah hidrolisat protein ikan. Hidrolisat protein ikan dapat digunakan dalam memperbaiki karakteristik produk biskuit seperti meningkatkan nilai gizi dan rasa. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tahapan pembuatan biskuit dengan penambahan hidrolisat protein ikan dan mengetahui mutu dari produk biskuit hidrolisat protein ikan melalui uji proksimat dan uji organoleptik. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengolahan biskuit dengan penambahan hidrolisat protein ikan 0% (kontrol), 5%, 10%, dan 15%, uji organoleptik dan analisis proksimat. Data yang diperoleh ditampilkan dalam bentuk Gambar, Histogram, dan Tabel kemudian dibahas secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan uji organoleptik biskuit dengan penambahan HPI 10% lebih disukai dibandingkan dengan perlakuan 0% (kontrol), 5% dan 15%. Analisis proksimat biskuit hidrolisat protein ikan menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak penambahan HPI akan meningkatkan kadar protein biskuit. Kadar protein tertinggi diperoleh pada penambahan HPI 15%

Schlussbericht

Astronauten büßen bei längeren Weltraummissionen trotz der vorhandenen Countermeasures immer noch Muskel- und Knochenmasse sowie an Leistungsfähigkeit ein. Als mögliche neuromuskuläre Ursache der beobachteten funktionellen Einbußen wird unter anderem die Atrophie des Muskelgewebes und Veränderungen innerhalb des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS) diskutiert, da diese zur ineffizienten elektromechanischen Kopplung durch Verlust an Koordination führt. Das Artificial-Gravity-Countermeasure hat das Potential, systemische Effekte zu verhindern, da die meisten Probleme von Astronauten direkt mit dem chronischen Verlust der Schwerkraft zurückzuführen sind. Zusätzlich wurden verschiedene Biomarker gemessen, die das biologische Alter eines Menschen abbilden sollen. Die Bestimmung von Veränderungen des biologischen Alters nach Weltraumaufenthalten und erdbasierten Analogmodellen wie Bettruhe wäre daher eine einfache, aber umfassende Methode, um alle negativen Auswirkungen auf den menschlichen Körper abzubilden, unabhängig davon, ob sie durch Strahlung, fehlende Schwerkraft oder körperliche Inaktivität verursacht werden. Die zugrundeliegende Frage war, ob das Artificial-Gravity-Countermeasure ein geeignetes Mittel gegen systemische Veränderungen ist und ob sich das biologische Alter der Interventionsgruppen zwischen der Kontrollgruppe unterscheidet. Untersucht wurden diese Fragen mittels Kraftmessung, Messung der aeroben Kapazität, Elektromyographie zur Erfassung der Muskelaktivität und das MARK-AGE-Verfahren zur Bestimmung des biologischen Alters. Sowohl die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (CentrifugeCtrl: 73,3 ± 13,2 %, cAG: 78,8 ± 16,3 %, iAG: 78,9 ± 16,4 %) als auch die maximale Leistung (CentrifugeCtrl: 62,1 ± 21,2 %, cAG: 75,9 ± 37,0 %, iAG: 74,6 ± 24,5 %), während der CMJ, nimmt über den Zeitraum der Bettruhe ab (BDC-10 bis R0). Veränderungen in der neuromuskulären Aktivität sind durch Veränderungen über die Zeit zu erklären. Die z-skalierten Bioage Werte zeigen eine mögliche Verringerung des biologischen Alters während der Bettruhe. Starke oder mittlere Korrelationseffekte zwischen dem biologischen Alter und der neuromuskulären Aktivität konnten nicht festgestellt werden. Zwischen dem biologischen Alter zum Zeitpunkt BDC und dem biologischen Alter zum Zeitpunkt R0 konnte in der GroundCtrl-Gruppe kein Zusammenhang festgestellt werden (p = 0.171). Die mittlere Altersdifferenz der GroundCtrl-Gruppe liegt bei 6,47 Jahren. Insgesamt ergeben sich damit folgende Schlussfolgerungen. Zentrifugation allein (intermittierend oder dauerhaft) ist allein kein ausreichendes Countermeasure, um der Abnahme der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit entgegenwirken zu können. Das biologische Alter der Studienteilnehmer*innen gemessen mit der MarkAge-Methode steht nicht im Zusammenhang mit Variablen der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit oder Veränderungen derselben durch Bettruhe. Datei-Upload durch TI

The twilight of the Liberal Social Contract? On the Reception of Rawlsian Political Liberalism

This chapter discusses the Rawlsian project of public reason, or public justification-based 'political' liberalism, and its reception. After a brief philosophical rather than philological reconstruction of the project, the chapter revolves around a distinction between idealist and realist responses to it. Focusing on political liberalism’s critical reception illuminates an overarching question: was Rawls’s revival of a contractualist approach to liberal legitimacy a fruitful move for liberalism and/or the social contract tradition? The last section contains a largely negative answer to that question. Nonetheless the chapter's conclusion shows that the research programme of political liberalism provided and continues to provide illuminating insights into the limitations of liberal contractualism, especially under conditions of persistent and radical diversity. The programme is, however, less receptive to challenges to do with the relative decline of the power of modern states

Antifungal Potential Of The Sponge Styllisa Flabelliformis Against The Pathogenic And Resistant Aspergillus Fungi

Together with bacterial and viral infection, fungal infection represents the world's top ten killer diseases, desperately requiring new antifungal drugs. This research aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the sponge Styllisa flabelliformis against the pathogenic fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus by the standard agar diffusion technique. Three concentrations (1, 10, and 10 mg/mL) for the extract and 0.5 mg/mL for ketoconazole and fluconazole were prepared and evaluated in triplicate against the tested fungi. Whereas ketoconazole poorly inhibited A. parasiticus and fluconazole weakly inhibited A. flavus, the extract of S. flabelliformis exerted antifungal activity against A. parasiticus (6.8 ± 1.8; 8.3 ± 3.2; and 9.5 ± 2.1) mm and A. flavus (6.8 ± 1.1; 11.5 ± 1.4; and 14.3 ± 1.1) mm 1, 10 and 100 mg/mL respectively. PASS analysis showed jasplakinolide as a promising antifungal agent with potential activity (Pa) of 0.736. STITCH analysis further confirmed that jasplakinolide worked by inhibiting the expression of cytoskeleton genes that prevented fungi from synthesizing chitin and inhibiting the formation of the fungi’s cell walls and hyphae, different from the ergosterol synthesis inhibition in ketoconazole and fluconazole, implying the potential of jasplakinolide as an antifungal agent

QUALITY OF MALALUGIS SALTED FISH: A TRADITIONAL PRODUCT FROM BEBALANG, SANGIHE ISLANDS

Bebalang Village is located in South Manganitu District, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi. Bebalang Village is surrounded by the sea, so there are many coral reefs as a place for fish to live. Bebalang Village has huge fisheries potential, especially for pelagic fish such as flying fish (Decapterus sp.) with the local name malalugis. Generally, fishermen in Bebalang Village process malalugis fish into salted fish. However, salted fish processing in Bebalang Village still needs to be improved due to a lack of infrastructure, technology, and inadequate knowledge. In addition, sanitation and hygiene during processing could be more optimal, affecting the quality and safety of processed products. This study aims to evaluate the quality of salted fish produced by fishermen in Bebalang Village. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. Salted fish test parameters are proximate, salt level, total bacteria and total fungi. Based on the test results of Kampung Bebalang salted fish, the moisture content ranged from 37.31-41.23%; protein ranged from 46.82-50.13%; salt level ranged from 10.66-15.58%; ash content from 12.25-13.58%; total bacteria between 2.6-4.8×103 CFU/gram; and total fungi which ranged from 5.2-9.5×102 CFU/gram