Storage dynamics in hydropedological units control hillslope connectivity, runoff generation, and the evolution of catchment transit time distributions

Acknowledgments We thank the European Research Council (ERC; project GA 335910 VEWA) and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; project NE/K000268/1) for funding. We would like to thank Konrad Piegat for invaluable help with the fieldwork. Iain Malcolm and staff at Marine Scotland (Pitlochry) are also thanked for the provision of data from the AWS. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS PERSEBARAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) PADA DINAS KESEHATAN KOTA BOGOR

ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS PERSEBARAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) PADA DINAS KESEHATAN KOTA BOGOR - Analisis, Perancangan, Sistem Informasi Geografis, Persebaran Puskesmas, Persebaran Penyakit Demam Berdarah, Jalur sistem rujukan, Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bogor, Puskesma

Method and apparatus for reducing microwave oscillator output noise

Microwave oscilltors incorporate r.f. feedback with carrier suppression to reduce phase noise. In a direct feedback oscillator arrngement a circulator is interposed between the r.f. amplifier and the high-Q resonator. The amplifier output is applied to the slightly over-coupled input port of the resonator so that the resultant net return signal is the vectorial difference between the signals emitted and reflected from the resonator. The gain of the r.f. amplifier is chosen to regenerate the forward signal from the net return signal. In a STALO-type arrangement, the resonator is critically coupled and an r.f. amplifier added to the path of the net return signal. The sensitivity of the STALO-type feedback loop is thereby enhanced while added amplifier noise is minimized by the superposition of the signals emitted by and reflected from the resonator

Putting leadership in its place: Transferability of leadership ability across contexts

Abstract The aim of this study was to contribute to the growing body of research involving the subject of leadership, while looking at a facet of this phenomenon on which there appears to be very little data available. In the fast moving environment of the twenty first century, there is more and more pressure on leaders from every area of industry, commerce, community and public service to be capable of not only performing their basic tasks in the immediate scope of their area of responsibility, but also a growing expectation that they must be capable of exporting this ability into any environment or context that the organisation rapidly finds itself. There is little time to recruit, train and deploy new leaders when a novel situation presents itself. This research employs a qualitative approach utilising an interpretive multiple case study method to investigate what followers look for and expect in their leaders in the form of traits, values or characteristics. The investigation then looks to see what style of leader employs these values to best effect, suggesting that this type of style, based on this set of values, are the most likely to be durable across any context. The study is conducted looking at the wider culture of the individual participant in terms of age and era, gender, education, and the added dynamic of punishment as a leadership tool. While initial findings suggest that females may have this ability to transfer their leadership style at face value, the study acknowledges the variables involved and recommends the way forward for future research in this area

Ghosts of the American Abram

The subject of fathers and roles of fatherhood are ever present in virtually every facet of literature, no matter the culture or time period. From the Judeo-Christian myth of Adam\u27s reluctant fatherhood of mankind to the cruel passivity and apathy of Jason Compson III in Faulkner\u27s The Sound and the Fury, the role of father has been an archetype as readily accessible in reality as it is in fiction. This thesis, a story in the vein of Southern gothic literature, focuses on the relationship of a man struggling with those reflections of himself as a man in the present day and his seeming inability to escape the boy of his past. While nurturing those familiar patriarchal themes, the story seeks to illuminate the past as a sort of catalyst for present day worry and self-doubt in the main character. Forced to return to the place of his childhood and adolescence after the suicide of his best friend, the main character is immediately confronted by the experiences of his transition from child to adult. Ultimately, the main character must decide whether those experiences have been adequately buried by his present day choices, or if they remain the undead memories that still haunt his every move

Short-term prospective memory deficits in chronic back pain patients

Objective: Chronic pain, particularly low back pain, is widespread. Although a great deal is known about the impact that this has on quality of life and physical activity, relatively little has been established regarding the more cognitive effects of pain. This study aims to find out whether individuals with chronic pain experience memory deficits in prospective memory (PM), the process of remembering to do things at some future point in time. Examples of PM include remembering to keep an appointment, such as a visit to a clinic, or to perform a particular task, such as paying a bill on time. Methods: The PM of 50 participants with chronic pain was compared with 50 pain-free participants. Each participant completed the Prospective Memory Questionnaire, which assesses three aspects of prospective memory (short-term habitual, long-term episodic, and internally cued), and records the use of strategies to aid remembering. Results: In comparison to those not in pain, participants with chronic pain had significantly impaired short-term prospective memory, an effect which was evident even after co-varying use of analgesics and other drugs. Conclusions: These findings provide new insights into prospective memory dysfunction in people with chronic pain. Possible mechanisms for this dysfunction are discussed and suggestions for future research given

Ten priority science gaps in assessing climate data record quality

Decision makers need accessible robust evidence to introduce new policies in an effort to mitigate and adapt to climate change. There is an increasing amount of environmental information available to policy makers concerning observations and trends relating to the climate. However, this data is hosted across a multitude of websites often with inconsistent metadata and sparse information relating to the quality, accuracy and validity of the data. Subsequently, the task of comparing datasets to decide which is the most appropriate for a certain purpose is very complex and often infeasible. In support of the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) mission to provide authoritative information about the past, present and future climate in Europe and the rest of the world, each dataset to be provided through this service must undergo an evaluation of its climate relevance and scientific quality to help with data comparisons. This paper presents the framework for Evaluation and Quality Control (EQC) of climate data products derived from satellite and in situ observations to be catalogued within the C3S Climate Data Store (CDS). The EQC framework will be implemented by C3S as part of their operational quality assurance programme. It builds on past and present international investment in Quality Assurance for Earth Observation initiatives, extensive user requirements gathering exercises, as well as a broad evaluation of over 250 data products and a more in-depth evaluation of a selection of 24 individual data products derived from satellite and in situ observations across the land, ocean and atmosphere Essential Climate Variable (ECV) domains. A prototype Content Management System (CMS) to facilitate the process of collating, evaluating and presenting the quality aspects and status of each data product to data users is also described. The development of the EQC framework has highlighted cross-domain as well as ECV specific science knowledge gaps in relation to addressing the quality of climate data sets derived from satellite and in situ observations. We discuss 10 common priority science knowledge gaps that will require further research investment to ensure all quality aspects of climate data sets can be ascertained and provide users with the range of information necessary to confidently select relevant products for their specific application

Mammalian kinetochores count attached microtubules in a sensitive and switch-like manner.

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents anaphase until all kinetochores attach to the spindle. Each mammalian kinetochore binds many microtubules, but how many attached microtubules are required to turn off the checkpoint, and how the kinetochore monitors microtubule numbers, are not known and are central to understanding SAC mechanisms and function. To address these questions, here we systematically tune and fix the fraction of Hec1 molecules capable of microtubule binding. We show that Hec1 molecules independently bind microtubules within single kinetochores, but that the kinetochore does not independently process attachment information from different molecules. Few attached microtubules (20% occupancy) can trigger complete Mad1 loss, and Mad1 loss is slower in this case. Finally, we show using laser ablation that individual kinetochores detect changes in microtubule binding, not in spindle forces that accompany attachment. Thus, the mammalian kinetochore responds specifically to the binding of each microtubule and counts microtubules as a single unit in a sensitive and switch-like manner. This may allow kinetochores to rapidly react to early attachments and maintain a robust SAC response despite dynamic microtubule numbers

Elastomeric Sensing of Pressure with Liquid Metal and Wireless Inductive Coupling

This project describes resistance-based soft sensors filled with liquid metal, which permit measurements of large strains (0 percent to 110 percent), associated with small forces of less than 30 Newtons. This work also demonstrates a methodology for wireless transfer of these strain measurements without connected electrodes. These sensors allow intermittent detection of pressure on soft membranes with low force. Adapting these sensors for passive wireless pressure sensing will eliminate the need for embedded batteries, and will allow the sensors to transmit pressure data through non-conductive materials including glass and acrylic. The absence of batteries allows us to embed these sensors into materials for long-term use because the sensors only use passive analog circuit elements. We found the oxidation of the liquid metal (eutectic gallium indium) plays a role in the repeatability of the soft sensors. We investigated how the oxidation layer affected the behavior of the sensor by encapsulating materials (silicone, fluorosilicone, and PVC) with varied permeabilities to oxygen. We measured the effects of mechanical loading on the oxidation layer and the effects of wireless inductive coupling on the oxidation layer. We concluded our research by investigating the effects of embedding self-resonant circuits into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Efforts to design engineered systems with soft materials are a growing field with progress in soft robotics, epidermal electronics, and wearable electronics. In the field of soft robotics, PDMS-based grippers are capable of picking up delicate objects because their form-fitting properties allow them to conform to the shape of objects more easily than conventional robotic grippers. Epidermal devices also use PDMS as a substrate to hold electronic components such as radios, sensors, and power supply circuits. Additionally, PDMS-based soft sensors can monitor human motion with liquid metal embedded within micro-channels. Passive wireless sensors have applications in structural health monitoring and medical health monitoring. Doctors can take wireless blood pressure measurements inside arteries to monitor the progression of heart disease. Glaucoma patients can use this technology to monitor the pressure in their eyes to track the progression of the disease