MARVEL Analysis of the Measured High-Resolution Rovibronic Spectra of 90Zr16O

Zirconium oxide(ZrO) is an important astrophysical molecule that defines the S-star classification class for cool giant stars. Accurate, empirical rovibronic energy levels, with associated labels and uncertainties, are reported for 9 low-lying electronic states of the diatomic 90Zr16O molecule. These 8088 empirical energy levels are determined using the Marvel (Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels) algorithm with 23 317 input assigned transition frequencies, 22 549 of which were validated. A temperature-dependent partition function is presented alongside updated spectroscopic constants for the 9 low-lying electronic states

The Value of Acquiring: An Event Study on Shareholder Value for Defence Sector M&A's

The purpose of this study is to examine whether an acquiring firm that operates as a contractor within the defence sector can expect to generate shareholder value from a merger and acquisition with a fellow defence sector competitor. Having selected thirty acquiring defence firms an event study utilizing the market model is performed to obtain the abnormal returns generated from a merger and acquisition. To account for estimation problems associated with financial data, and to provide accurate and robust results, the GARCH and EGARCH model are also utilized alongside a basic OLS estimation. The results indicate a positive shareholder value creation for acquiring defence sector firms

Constraints from deuterium on the formation of icy bodies in the Jovian system and beyond

We consider the role of deuterium as a potential marker of location and ambient conditions during the formation of small bodies in our Solar system. We concentrate in particular on the formation of the regular icy satellites of Jupiter and the other giant planets, but include a discussion of the implications for the Trojan asteroids and the irregular satellites. We examine in detail the formation of regular planetary satellites within the paradigm of a circum-Jovian subnebula. Particular attention is paid to the two extreme potential subnebulae - "hot" and "cold". In particular, we show that, for the case of the "hot" subnebula model, the D:H ratio in water ice measured from the regular satellites would be expected to be near-Solar. In contrast, satellites which formed in a "cold" subnebula would be expected to display a D:H ratio that is distinctly over-Solar. We then compare the results obtained with the enrichment regimes which could be expected for other families of icy small bodies in the outer Solar system - the Trojan asteroids and the irregular satellites. In doing so, we demonstrate how measurements by Laplace, the James Webb Space Telescope, HERSCHEL and ALMA will play an important role in determining the true formation locations and mechanisms of these objects.Comment: Accepted and shortly to appear in Planetary and Space Science; 11 pages with 5 figure

The Experiences Of Black Male Teachers In International Schools In East And Southeast Asia

Although substantive research examines the issues surrounding the lack of Black Male Teachers (BMTs) nationally, limited studies involve their experiences in international schools. This is troubling when juxtaposed with their experiences researched and documented during teacher training, hiring practices, and on the job in the U.S. Although the issue is complex, many stem from explicit and implicit racial discrimination from the white racial majority. Given the problems preservice and eventual BMTs face in the U.S., examining BMTs narratives in the international school industry was necessary. Kanter’s token theory suggests that any slice of a social group comprised below 15% of a whole hold no power amongst their respective groups. Currently, the entire Black male teacher population sits at just below 2% in the U.S. This dissertation aimed to explore BMTs experiences in international schools in East and Southeast Asia, where their numbers are likely lower than in the US, and where international schools are often touted as having and being inclusive of a diverse stakeholder community. Practitioner-based narrative interviews with six BMTs found that all participants appreciated and benefited from the knowledge and networking opportunities that supported the development of their international school teaching careers. However, despite being content with their decision to work abroad, they all encountered or took measures to address potential racial discrimination during the hiring process and while teaching. The implications of these findings, along with Kanter\u27s token theory, which served as the theoretical framework for the study, suggest a pressing need to increase the number of BMTs and overall minority teachers and teacher leadership staff by implementing more equitable hiring practices and specific human resources directives. These measures would help to protect minority teachers against racial discrimination and implicit bias

Alley coppice—a new system with ancient roots

International audience& Context Current production from natural forests will not satisfy future world demand for timber and fuel wood, and new land management options are required. & Aims We explore an innovative production system that combines the production of short rotation coppice in wide alleys with the production of high-value trees on narrow strips of land; it is an alternative form of alley cropping which we propose to call 'alley coppice'. The aim is to describe this alley coppice system and to illustrate its potential for produc-ing two diverse products, namely high-value timber and ener-gy wood on the same land unit. & Methods Based on a comprehensive literature review, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of the alley cop-pice system and contrast the features with well-known existing or past systems of biomass and wood production. & Results We describe and discuss the basic aspects of alley coppice, its design and dynamics, the processes of competi-tion and facilitation, issues of ecology, and areas that are open for future research. & Conclusion Based on existing knowledge, a solid founda-tion for the implementation of alley coppice on suitable land is presented, and the high potential of this system could be shown

This Seems to Be Our Darkest Times: The Florida Brigade in Mississippi, June-July 1863

In June 1860, as the United States advanced toward the secession crisis, headmaster Samuel Pasco watched his Waukeenah Academy students exhibit the knowledge they had acquired over the past term to a crowd of proud parents and friends. During the program, the boys demonstrated their proficiency in subjects such as geography, spelling and reading, chemistry, grammar, arithmetic, and translation of Latin.1 Following the formal examinations, the students acted and sang various orations and songs for their guests

Finding the female geographers: The gendered dynamics of UK geography PhD study

This article examines the gendered dynamics of geography PhD study in the United Kingdom, addressing historical, spatial, and disciplinary patterns of female representation. Using metadata from the British Library’s E-Theses Online Service (EThOS), we see a marked rise in female PhD graduates since the 1980s, with the gender gap narrowing significantly in recent decades. The year of PhD completion explains 18 percent of the variance observed in the data, but institutional and disciplinary disparities persist: Human geography PhDs are more gender-balanced, whereas physical geography remains male-skewed. Although Oxford, University College London, Birmingham, and Cambridge dominate in PhD completions, industrial heritage and the dynamics of institutional prestige also feature. Limitations in metadata completeness and a reliance on gender inferencing algorithms challenge inclusivity, pointing to the need for more comprehensive, intersectional studies to address inequalities across ethnicity and disability. By advancing knowledge of gender representation in UK geography PhD programs, the study contributes to ongoing efforts to promote diversity and inclusion within the discipline as a whole

A Study of the Diverse T Dwarf Population Revealed by WISE

We report the discovery of 87 new T dwarfs uncovered with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and three brown dwarfs with extremely red near-infrared colors that exhibit characteristics of both L and T dwarfs. Two of the new T dwarfs are likely binaries with L7+/-1 primaries and mid-type T secondaries. In addition, our follow-up program has confirmed 10 previously identified T dwarfs and four photometrically-selected L and T dwarf candidates in the literature. This sample, along with the previous WISE discoveries, triples the number of known brown dwarfs with spectral types later than T5. Using the WISE All-Sky Source Catalog we present updated color-color and color-type diagrams for all the WISE-discovered T and Y dwarfs. Near-infrared spectra of the new discoveries are presented, along with spectral classifications. To accommodate later T dwarfs we have modified the integrated flux method of determining spectral indices to instead use the median flux. Furthermore, a newly defined J-narrow index differentiates the early-type Y dwarfs from late-type T dwarfs based on the J-band continuum slope. The K/J indices for this expanded sample show that 32% of late-type T dwarfs have suppressed K-band flux and are blue relative to the spectral standards, while only 11% are redder than the standards. Comparison of the Y/J and K/J index to models suggests diverse atmospheric conditions and supports the possible re-emergence of clouds after the L/T transition. We also discuss peculiar brown dwarfs and candidates that were found not to be substellar, including two Young Stellar Objects and two Active Galactic Nuclei. The coolest WISE-discovered brown dwarfs are the closest of their type and will remain the only sample of their kind for many years to come.Comment: Accepted to ApJS on 15 January 2013; 99 pages in preprint format, 30 figures, 12 table

Using Deep Learning to Backcast Hydrologic Response and Inform Landslide Early Warning Systems

Landslides are difficult to predict due to the influence of variable geologic and environmental factors, such as geomechanical properties, rainfall, ground saturation, topography, and earthquakes, exert on the probability of a slope failure. Deep learning (DL) models can accurately predict the site-specific hydrologic response on hillslopes using soil moisture, pore pressure, and rainfall monitoring data. Landslide early warning systems can utilize empirical thresholds from deep learning-derived soil hydrology properties to improve landslide hazard prediction accuracy. We study the possibility of improving a logistical regression-based landslide early warning system being used in Sitka, AK by incorporating pore pressure responses that correspond to past known landslide events. Because pore pressure records for past known events are nonexistent, we must backcast soil hydrology timeseries from weather records, without including antecedent soil hydrology as initial conditions. We assess the accuracy of predictions at various rainfall intensity thresholds made by a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) DL model trained on weather features compared to a model that includes antecedent soil hydrology conditions. We find that the average accuracy of our model decreases by up to 20% for important, high-intensity rainfall events