NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis

Systems analysis develops and documents candidate mission and architectures, associated system concepts, enabling capabilities and investment strategies to achieve NASA s strategic objectives. The technology assessment process connects the mission and architectures to the investment strategies. In order to successfully implement a technology assessment, there is a need to collect, manipulate, analyze, document, and disseminate technology-related information. Information must be collected and organized on the wide variety of potentially applicable technologies, including: previous research results, key technical parameters and characteristics, technology readiness levels, relationships to other technologies, costs, and potential barriers and risks. This information must be manipulated to facilitate planning and documentation. An assessment is included of the programmatic and technical risks associated with each technology task as well as potential risk mitigation plans. Risks are assessed and tracked in terms of likelihood of the risk occurring and consequences of the risk if it does occur. The risk assessments take into account cost, schedule, and technical risk dimensions. Assessment data must be simplified for presentation to decision makers. The Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate (SACD) at NASA Langley Research Center has a wealth of experience in performing Technology Assessment and Portfolio Analysis as this has been a business line since 1978

Entrepreneurship and the development of global brands

Over the course of the twentieth century, entrepreneurs developed a number of successful global brands in consumer-goods industries. However, few independent brands survived the merger waves of the 1980s. To address the question of why so few independent brands survived, this paper examines successful brands in industries that rely principally on advertising for competitive success. Successful consumer-goods brands in several industries and countries are compared in order to highlight innovative strategies pursued by brand managers. The analyzed brands are mainly owned by Europeans, although a few examples of American and Japanese brands are covered as well

The effect of Sc and Yb microalloying additions and aged-hardening heat treatment on corrosion behavior of Al-Mg alloys

Sc-containing Al alloys are potentially applied in saline environment. However, the corrosion behavior and its mechanisms of Sc-containing Al alloys have not been paid much attention. In this research, the corrosion behavior of Al-4Mg, Al-4Mg-0.3Sc, and Al-4Mg-0.24Sc-0.06Yb alloys was investigated in 3.5wt% NaCl solution by immersion and potentiodynamic polarization analysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM were used to characterize intermetallic phases and localized corrosion. The results showed that the Fe-containing intermetallic particles are cathodic with respect to the matrix and can lead to localized corrosion, whereas the high content of Mg makes the Fe-containing intermetallic particle less noble to the matrix. Yb-containing intermetallic particles did not show any dissolution of the matrix at the periphery of these particles. The results indicated that active dissolution and localized corrosion were the dominant corrosion mechanisms for Al-4Mg alloy. However the polarization curves of Al-4Mg-0.3Sc and Al-4Mg-0.24Sc-0.06Yb alloys showed spontaneous passivation followed by pitting corrosion. Results suggested that age-hardening heat treatment improved the stability of the passive film on Al-4Mg-0.3Sc and Al-4Mg-0.24Sc-0.06Yb alloys.This research was supported by The Project Bridging The Gap, funded by the Erasmus Mundus External Cooperation Window Program. Acknowledgements also to the University of Minho, for the provision of research facilities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO