Review: mitochondrial defects in breast cancer

Mitochondria play important roles in cellular energy metabolism, free radical generation, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial DNA has been proposed to be involved in carcinogenesis because of its high susceptibility to mutations and limited repair mechanisms in comparison to nuclear DNA. Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer type among women in the world and, although exhaustive research has been done on nuclear DNA changes, several studies describe a variety of mitochondrial DNA alterations present in breast cancer. In this review article, we to provide a summary of the mitochondrial genomic alterations reported in breast cancer and their functional consequences

Effect of the ionic liquid [BMIN] [OTf] on germination and early growth of D. carota and A. sulcata and on soil microbial activity of an oakland

The 20th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session Ionic LiquidsAlthough the ionic liquids (ILs) are considered as green solvents, mainly due to their negligible vapor pressure, the effects on the environment are scarcely studied. In this work, effects of the IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate, [BMIN] [OTf], on germination and on growth during the seedling stage of two herbaceous forest species with wide geographical distribution: Daucus carota L. and Avena sulcata (Gay ex Boiss.) was determined. Changes on soil microbial activity of Quercus robur L. oakland as consequence of the addition of different concentrations of this IL were also studied. Different effects of this IL on plants and soil have been found. Thus, in terms of germination, the dose of 10% (of IL in distillated water) presented total inhibition in the germination of both species; whereas this dose presented a stimulant effect on soil microbial activity. The effect of IL on plant growth is similar to that obtained in the germination test. Concentration of 50% of IL provoked the total inhibition of the soil microbial activit

Plano de intervenção para melhorar o acompanhamento de pacientes hipertensos na ESF da UBS Dr. Claudionor do Valle Ferreira. Belmiro Braga/MG

The Family Health Team (FHT) Dr. Claudionor Valle Ferreira, Belmiro Braga MG, has a coverage area of approximately 1058 families and 3400 inhabitants. The main problem of the ESF is the high number of hypertensive patients with inadequate control and monitoring of the disease. As determinants are mentioned: the lack of chronic diseases by the population, not the development of HIPERDIA consultation, bad habits and styles of inadequate lives of the population; and lack of family support in chronic diseases treatments. The objective was to create an action plan to improve control in hypertensive patients and thus reduce mortality by their injuries. The methodology consisted of three phases: a situational diagnosis, bibliographic review and the preparation of an action plan. It is proposed that an educational action with promotion and prevention activities, organize the work of operational groups, develop HIPERDIA consultation and classify individual cardiovascular risk according to risk factors. It aims to improve the quality of life of the hypertensive population.A Equipe de Saúde da Família (ESF) Dr. Claudionor do Valle Ferreira, de Belmiro Braga/ MG, tem uma área de abrangência de aproximadamente 1.058 famílias e 3.400 habitantes. O principal problema da ESF é o elevado número de pacientes hipertensos com insuficiente controle e acompanhamento da doença. Como determinantes citam-se: o desconhecimento das doenças crônicas pela população, o não desenvolvimento da consulta de HIPERDIA, os maus hábitos e estilos de vidas inadequados da população e a falta de apoio familiar nos tratamentos das patologias crônicas. O objetivo do trabalho foi criar um plano de intervenção para melhorar o controle dos pacientes hipertensos e, com isso, diminuir a mortalidade por seus agravos. A metodologia constou de três etapas: um diagnóstico situacional, uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e a elaboração de um plano de ação. Propõe-se uma ação educativa com atividades de promoção e prevenção, organizar o trabalho de grupos operativos, desenvolver a consulta de HIPERDIA e classificar o risco cardiovascular individual de acordo aos fatores de risco associados. Com isso pretende-se melhorar a qualidade de vida da população hipertensa

Temperature liquid range of two choline based ionic liquids

The 20th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session Ionic LiquidsLiquid temperature range of two ionic liquids (ILs) with the common cation, Choline, is determined in this work. The selected ILs are Choline tosylate [Chol][Tos] and Choline dicyanamide [Chol] [DCN]. The lower limit of liquid range is given by solid-liquid transitions and it is determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Upper limit is given by degradation temperature which is determined using the thermogravimetric technique (TGA). Dynamic and isothermal methods have been combined to estimate the maximum operation temperature. Additionally, a deeper study of the effect of the heating and cooling rate on the temperature and shape of the transitions observed in DSC curves of [Chol] [DCN] was performed. A common trend has been observed for melting and degradation temperatures of selected liquids: [Chol][DCN]< [Chol][Tos]This study was financed by the project EM2013/031 (Xunta de Galicia, Spain) and the network REGALIS R2014/015 (Xunta de Galicia, Spain

Does Soil Organic Matter Affect the Impact of the Ionic Liquid Ethylammonium Nitrate in the Pure State and as Mixture with Lithium Salt on Basal Soil Respiration?

Although ionic liquids (ILs) do not contaminate the atmosphere (because of their low vapourpressure), they may have toxic effects in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Therefore, beforeILs can be widely used for different applications, their toxicity must be tested in different environments.The IL ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) is of interest in electrochemical applications, and research is currently underway to investigate the electrochemical activity of mixtures of this compound with inorganic salts. In this study, we investigated the impacts of different amounts of pure EAN and of mixtures of EAN and lithium salt on basal soil respiration in two soils differing in organic matter content.Fil: Sixto, Teresa. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia; EspañaFil: Priano, Maria Eugenia. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Reyes, Otilia. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; EspañaFil: Parajó, Juan José. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; EspañaFil: Salgado, Josefa. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; EspañaFil: Trasar Cepeda, Carmen. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia; Españ

Determination of Thermophysical Properties of the Protic Ionic Liquid EIM NO₃, Pure and Doped with Lithium Nitrate Salt

[Abstract] In this work, viscosity, density and electrical conductivity of the ionic liquid, Ethylimidazolium Nitrate pure and doped with lithium nitrate salt were determined in order to check the properties’ improvement of the ionic liquid with the salt addition to consider these mixtures as potential electrolytes. Viscosity decreases exponentially as temperature increases, and increases with salt content, as expected. Density values decrease linearly as temperature increases and also increases with salt content. From electrical studies, an increase of conductivity with temperature and a decrease with salt concentration were observed. No significant differences between pure and doped sample were observed on Walden plots.This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER Program through the projects MAT2014-57943-C3-1-P, MAT2014-57943-C3-3-P, MAT2017-89239-C2-1-P, as well as by Xunta de Galicia through GRC ED431C 2020/10 project and the Galician Network of Ionic Liquids (ReGaLIs) ED431D 2017/06. P. Vallet and J. J. Parajó thank funding support of FPI Program from Spanish Ministry of Science, Education and Universities and I2C postdoctoral Program of Xunta de Galicia, respectivelyXunta de Galicia; ED431C 2020/10Xunta de Galicia; ED431D 2017/0

Liquid Range of Ionic Liquid – Metal Salt Mixtures for Electrochemical Applications

This is an accepted version of the published document.[Abstract] The effect of the nitrate salt addition on the liquid range of the protic ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) was studied in this work. The salts used were monovalent, LiNO3; divalent, Mg(NO3)2 and Ca(NO3)2, and trivalent, Al(NO3)3; inorganic salts containing metals relevant for electrochemical applications. Solid-liquid transitions, which define the lower limit of the liquid range of the fluids, were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), whereas the upper limit, which is given by degradation or boiling temperatures, was determined by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Our results show that salt addition induces melting-point depressions, but no significant boiling point elevations were detected. The so-called nanostructured solvation mechanism is used in order to rationalize the thermodynamics of the mixtures in terms of the occurrence of highly incompressible, low mobility solvation complexes [M(NO3)n]z+−n in the polar cavities of the IL giving rise to pseudo-lattice nanocrystals that are stable in the liquid phase.Authors acknowledge M. Gómez (RIAIDT-USC) for the technical support in DSC measurements. This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER Program through the projects MAT2014-57943-C3-1-P, MAT2014-57943-C3-3-P, MAT2017-89239-C2-1-P and MAT2017-89239-C2-2-P as well as by Xunta de Galicia through GRC ED431C 2016/001 and ED431E 2018/08 projects and the Galician Network of Ionic Liquids (ReGaLIs) ED431D 2017/06Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2016/001Xunta de Galicia; ED431E 2018/08Xunta de Galicia; ED431D 2017/0

Modification of the method to determine dehydrogenase activity in soils spiked with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4)

The 20th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session Ionic LiquidsThe ionic liquids (ILs) are often denominated as “green fluids”, because they are considered as innocuous due to their negligible volatility. Due to this apparent innocuousness, the ILs are attracted a great attention as an alternative to traditional organic solvents, highly contaminant. However, the problem of contamination is not limited to the atmosphere, since also aquatic and terrestrial environments can be affected. Therefore, and because the toxic effects of ILs on the environment are largely unknown, research studies are needed to deepen this aspect before to assign them the appellation of “green fluids”. Nevertheless, and despite the increased number in the last few years of studies on different aspects of ILs, the toxicity of these compounds to the environment in general, and to the soils in particular, only rarely is investigated. One of the most used ILs in different applications is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4). Among all the soil properties, those determining the edaphic metabolism, and especially the enzymatic activities, are highly sensitive to ascertain the disturbance caused by any external agent. Given the lack of studies investigating the effect of ILs on the edaphic environment, before the use of enzymatic activities as indicators of the toxicity for soils of any given IL, it is necessary to test if classical methods to determine the soil enzymatic activities are adequate for their use in soils spiked with that given IL. In this study we investigated the suitability of dehydrogenase method to determine the activity of this enzyme in soils with spiked BMIMBF4, modifying the method according to the problems identifiedhis research was financed by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Project No. CGL2015-66857-C2-1-R

Comparison of the ionic conductivity of pure imidazolium nitrate and that doped with a lithium nitrate salt in liquid and gel forms as potential electrolytes

Este artigo pertence ás actas do The 23rd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry.[Abstract] Current electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage devices are made of solvents, which often present problems of flammability, corrosion and high toxicity. Ionic liquids and mixtures with metal salts are proposed as a good selection for safer electrolytes due to their properties such as, among others, non-flammability, negligible vapor pressure, high ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical window. In this work, the electrical conductivity of solutions of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([EIm][NO3]) with lithium nitrate salt in three different concentrations is analyzed for liquid and gel states. The temperature and salt concentration dependences of electrical conductivity are studied for liquid and gel states. As expected, an increase in conductivity with temperature and a decrease with salt concentration were observed, except for the case of gel [EIm][NO3] with a salt concentration of 0.5 m, which shows a small increase in conductivity compared to the pure gel. Comparison of the conductivity of the liquid and gel states shows a significant increase for the gel state at low concentrations of the added salt.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; MAT2017-89239-C2-1-PXunta de Galicia; ED431C 2016/001Xunta de Galicia; ED431D 2017/0

Effects of ethylimidazolium nitrate and the aluminium nitrate salt mixtures on germination of three forest species

This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 23rd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic ChemistryIonic liquids are synthetic compounds with melting temperatures lower than 100 °C and with high ability of modification of their physical and chemical properties from changes in their chemical structure. Although the number of applications in the last years has been continuously increasing, their effects on the different terrestrial ecosystems have been scarcely studied. In this work, the effects of the ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), the aluminum nitrate salt (Al(NO3)3), and the saturated mixture of both components on the germination of three forest species were studied. Different doses, from 0% to 10% weight, of the three treatments were applied at seeds of three different forest species (Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Pinus radiata D. Don, and Pinus sylvestris L.) and the germination of these seeds was continuously monitored for 35 days. The results showed that the addition of ionic liquid, salt, and mixture provoke the reduction of germination for all the species. Concentrations of 5% and higher incite the total inhibition of the germination of all species for all the treatments, with the EAN treatment being the most harmfulThis work was supported by Xunta de Galicia through GRC ED431C 2016/001 and IN607A 2017/6 projects, the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the framework of the FIRESEVES (AGL2017-86075-C2-2-R) project and the Competitive Reference BIOAPLIC (ED431C2019/07), the Strategic Researcher Cluster BioReDeS (ED431E 2018/09), and the Galician Network of Ionic Liquids (ReGaLIs) ED431D 2017/06. J. J. Parajó gives thanks for funding support from the I2C Postdoctoral Program of Xunta de GaliciaS