Polycomb group protein complexes exchange rapidly in living Drosophila

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) microscopy was used to determine the kinetic properties of Polycomb group (PcG) proteins in whole living Drosophila organisms (embryos) and tissues (wing imaginal discs and salivary glands). PcG genes are essential genes in higher eukaryotes responsible for the maintenance of the spatially distinct repression of developmentally important regulators such as the homeotic genes. Their absence, as well as overexpression, causes transformations in the axial organization of the body. Although protein complexes have been isolated in vitro, little is known about their stability or exact mechanism of repression in vivo. We determined the translational diffusion constants of PcG proteins, dissociation constants and residence times for complexes in vivo at different developmental stages. In polytene nuclei, the rate constants suggest heterogeneity of the complexes. Computer simulations with new models for spatially distributed protein complexes were performed in systems showing both diffusion and binding equilibria, and the results compared with our experimental data. We were able to determine forward and reverse rate constants for complex formation. Complexes exchanged within a period of 1-10 minutes, more than an order of magnitude faster than the cell cycle time, ruling out models of repression in which access of transcription activators to the chromatin is limited and demonstrating that long-term repression primarily reflects mass-action chemical equilibria

Structural basis for dual roles of Aar2p in U5 snRNP assembly

Yeast U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) is assembled via a cytoplasmic precursor that contains the U5-specific Prp8 protein but lacks the U5-specific Brr2 helicase. Instead, pre-U5 snRNP includes the Aar2 protein not found in mature U5 snRNP or spliceosomes. Aar2p and Brr2p bind competitively to a C-terminal region of Prp8p that comprises consecutive RNase H-like and Jab1/MPN-like domains. To elucidate the molecular basis for this competition, we determined the crystal structure of Aar2p in complex with the Prp8p RNase H and Jab1/MPN domains. Aar2p binds on one side of the RNase H domain and extends its C terminus to the other side, where the Jab1/MPN domain is docked onto a composite Aar2p–RNase H platform. Known Brr2p interaction sites of the Jab1/MPN domain remain available, suggesting that Aar2p-mediated compaction of the Prp8p domains sterically interferes with Brr2p binding. Moreover, Aar2p occupies known RNA-binding sites of the RNase H domain, and Aar2p interferes with binding of U4/U6 di-snRNA to the Prp8p C-terminal region. Structural and functional analyses of phospho-mimetic mutations reveal how phosphorylation reduces affinity of Aar2p for Prp8p and allows Brr2p and U4/U6 binding. Our results show how Aar2p regulates both protein and RNA binding to Prp8p during U5 snRNP assembly

RANCANG BANGUN CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT PADA JASA SERVIS PT GLOBAL MOBILINDO

PT Global Mobilindo adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang otomotif. Diantaranya menangani dalam penjualan kendaraan, penjualan suku cadang dan jasa servis. Pada jasa servis PT Global Mobilindo sering mengalami kritikan dari pelanggan tentang kondisi bengkel yang penuh, pelanggan tidak dapat mengetahui riwayat sevis, bagian suku cadang sulit dalam penentuan transaksi khusus bengkel dan pimpinan tidak bisa memberikan penilaian kepada pelanggan loyal. Oleh karena itu akan dibangun ini adalah membuat Customer Relationship Management Pada Jasa Servis PT Global Mobilindo untuk mempermudah dalam pendaftaran dan cek, riwayat servis serta cek poin melalui via SMS, pembuatan laporan servis, laporan pelanggan, laporan riwayat servis detail yang, laporan pembelian dan penjualan suku cadang. Aplikasi ini dirancang menggunakan Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 dan MySQL untuk database. Penulis menggunakan metodologi RUP(Rational Unfied Process). Hasil dari rancang bangun ini adalah sebuah sistem pembelian,penjualan dan persediaan sukucadang serta transaksi servis, dan menghasilkan laporan pelanggan dan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pihak PT Global Mobilindo

Association between time to reperfusion and outcome is primarily driven by the time from imaging to reperfusion

Background and Purpose A progressive decline in the odds of favorable outcome as time to reperfusion increases is well known. However, the impact of specific workflow intervals is not clear.; Methods We studied the mechanical thrombectomy group (n=103) of the prospective, randomized REVASCAT (Randomized Trial of Revascularization With Solitaire FR Device Versus Best Medical Therapy in the Treatment of Acute Stroke due to Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Presenting Within Eight Hours of Symptom Onset) trial. We defined 3 workflow metrics: time from symptom onset to reperfusion (OTR), time from symptom onset to computed tomography, and time from computed tomography (CT) to reperfusion. Clinical characteristics, core laboratory-evaluated Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores (ASPECTS) and 90-day outcome data were analyzed. The effect of time on favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale, 0-2) was described via adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for every 30-minute delay.; Results Median admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 17.0 (14.0-20.0), reperfusion rate was 66%, and rate of favorable outcome was 43.7%. Mean (SD) workflow times were as follows: OTR: 342 (107) minute, onset to CT: 204 (93) minute, and CT to reperfusion: 138 (56) minute. Longer OTR time was associated with a reduced likelihood of good outcome (OR for 30-minute delay, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.93). The onset to CT time did not show a significant association with clinical outcome (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.67-1.12), whereas the CT to reperfusion interval showed a negative association with favorable outcome (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.95). A similar subgroup analysis according to admission ASPECTS showed this relationship for OTR time in ASPECTS<8 patients (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35-0.9) but not in ASPECTS8 (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.68-1.44).; Conclusions Time to reperfusion is negatively associated with favorable outcome, being CT to reperfusion, as opposed to onset to CT, the main determinant of this association. In addition, OTR was strongly associated to outcome in patients with low ASPECTS scores but not in patients with high ASPECTS scores.; Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01692379.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Advanced Cooling of Gas Turbine Blades with Sodium Liquid and Air

Gas turbines are extensively used for air craft propulsion, land based power generation and industrial applications. Thermal efficiency of gas turbine can be improved by increasing turbine rotor inlet temperature. The current rotor inlet temperature in advanced gas turbine is for above the melting point of blade material. A sophisticated cooling scheme must be developed for continuous safe operation of gas turbines with high performance. Gas turbines are cooled externally and internally. Several methods have been suggested for the cooling of blades and vanes. The technique that describes in thesis is by cooling the blade by circulating sodium liquid filled inside it. The hot less denser sodium liquid travels the bottom region of the blade and transfer heat to the high velocity air passing near it. In this thesis a turbine blade model is designed and modeled in CATIA V5. CFD analysis of the model is performed for variant models. A comparative study of the results like temperature, turbulent kinetic energy and heat transfer rate through cooling air is made to find the best model which delivers effective cooling of the blade

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Nasabah Korban Skimming Ditinjau dari Undang-undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999

Bank adalah badan USAha yang menghimpun dana dari masyarakat dalam bentuk simpanan dan menyalurkannya kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk kredit atau bentuk-bentuk lainnya dalam rangka meningkatkan taraf hidup orang banyak. Semakin berkembangnya zaman dan teknologi, sektor perbankan sendiri membuat sebuah pelayanan baru, salah satu produk hasil teknologi di bidang perbankan yang dapat mempermudah kegiatan transaksi tanpa perlu mendatangi teller bank adalah mesin ATM. Berkembangnya sebuah teknologi selain berdampak positif dapat juga berdampak negatif, salah satunya adalah berkembangnya kejahatan di dunia maya atau biasa disebut dengan cybercrime. kejahatan pada ATM semakin banyak dilakukan dengan cara skimming yaitu dipahami sebagai metode “penyaringan” data pada kartu ATM nasabah. Dalam kasus skimming beban pembuktian terhadap ada atau tidaknya unsur kesalahan dalam gugatan ganti rugi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 28 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 merupakan beban dan tanggung jawab pelaku USAha. Jadi apabila uang nasabah hilang dikarenakan di skimming oleh orang yang tidak bertanggung jawab, maka sesuai pasal 4 huruf (H) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen nasabah berhak mendapatkan kompensasi, ganti rugi, dan/atau penggantian atas uangnya yang hilang tersebut. Bentuk penyelesaian sengketa dapat ditempuh melalui 2 cara yaitu melalui peradilan atau litigasi dan melalui luar peradilan atau non litigasi. berdasarkan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (POJK) Nomor 01/POJK.07/2014 tentang Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa di Sektor Jasa Keuangan, apabila terjadi sengketa keuangan dapat diselesaikan melalui LAPSPI. LAPSPI yang didirikan mulai beroperasi pada Januari 2016 didirikan atas kesepakatan bersama enam asosiasi di sektor perbankan

Structures of octenylsuccinylated starches: Effects on emulsions containing β-Carotene

Starches with different amylopectin contents and different molecular sizes prepared using acid hydrolysis were hydrophobically modified using octenylsuccinic anhydride (OSA). The OSA-modified starches were used as surfactants to stabilize emulsions of β-Carotene and canola oil dispersed in water. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between starch molecular structure and the chemical stability of the emulsified β-Carotene, as well as the colloidal stability of emulsion droplets during storage. The oil droplet size in emulsions was smaller when starch had (a) lower hydrodynamic volume (Vh) and (b) higher amylopectin content. The oxidative stability of β-Carotene was similar across samples, with higher results at increased amylopectin content but higher Vh. Steric hindrance to coalescence provided by adsorbed OSA-modified starches appears to be improved by more rigid molecules of higher degree of branching