2-Butyl-5-pentyl­benzene-1,3-diol

In the title compound, C15H24O2, a natural dialkyl­resorcinol commonly named stemphol, the mol­ecules are linked into C(6) and C 2 2(4) chains and R 4 4(16) rings by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, creating mol­ecular sheets parallel to the (010) plane. The alkyl chains are directed orthogonally away from these planes in almost complete extension

Lentimurisporaceae, a new pleosporalean family with divergence times estimates

The new hyphomycetous genus Lentimurispora, based on L. urniformis sp. nov. collected from decaying wood in Phayao, Thailand, is introduced. It is characterized by micronematous conidiophores, monoblastic conidiogenous cells, and muriform, lenticular conidia with dark brown central cells and paler peripheral cells. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined LSU, SSU and TEF1α sequences data of 110 taxa was carried out to infrer their phylogenetic relationships. The new genus formed a wellsupported monophyletic clade with Bahusandhika indica, Berkleasmium micronesicum and Be. nigroapicale within Pleosporales.Anew family, Lentimurisporaceae is established to accommodate this clade. Divergence times establishment was performed and the results showed that the new family was diverged approximately 78 (49–118) MYA.</p

Stemphol Galactoside, a New Stemphol Derivative Isolated from the Tropical Endophytic Fungus<i>Gaeumannomyces amomi</i>

A new stemphol derivative, stemphol 1- O-β-D-galactopyranoside (1b), together with three known metabolites, stemphol (1a), indole-3-carboxylic acid, and kojic acid, has been isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of cultures of Gaeumannomyces amomi BCC4066, an endophytic fungus found on healthy parts of ginger ( Alpinia malaccensis; Thai name Kha-pa). The structure of 1b was established via spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR measurements and GC/MS experiments.</jats:p

Stemphol Galactoside, a New Stemphol Derivative Isolated from the Tropical Endophytic Fungus Gaeumannomyces amomi

A new stemphol derivative, stemphol 1-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1b), together with three known metabolites, stemphol (1a), indole-3-carboxylic acid, and kojic acid, has been isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of cultures of Gaeumannomyces amomi BCC4066, an endophytic fungus found on healthy parts of ginger (Alpinia malaccensis; Thai name Kha-pa). The structure of 1b was established via spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR measurements and GC/MS experiments.Royal Golden Jubilee Ph D Program [4.V.CM/47/D.1

Phylogenetic placement of Tretospeira cheirospora in Phaeosphaeriaceae

A new hyphomycetous species, Tretospeira cheirospora, collected on decaying wood in a terrestrial habitat in northern Thailand is described and illustrated. It has macronematous, mononematous, erect, short, simple, brown to dark brown conidiophores, monotretic conidiogenous cells, and cheiroid, olivaceous brown to brown, distoseptate conidia composed of 4 columns and with an apical, hyaline, gelatinous sheath. Molecular data of Tretospeira are provided for the first time. The phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU and ITS sequence data shows that Tretospeira cheirospora belongs to Phaeosphaeriaceae and presents a distinct lineage which is sister to Banksiophoma australiensis. Hyphomycetous asexual morphs in Phaeosphaeriaceae and morphologically similar genera are compared and discussed.</jats:p

Tretospeira cheirospora N. G. Liu & Jian K. Liu 2023, sp. nov.

&lt;i&gt;Tretospeira cheirospora&lt;/i&gt; N.G. Liu &amp; Jian K. Liu, &lt;i&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;p&gt;Index Fungorum number: IF900053&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Etymology: in reference to its cheiroid conidia&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Holotype: MFLU 22-0204&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Saprobic&lt;/i&gt; on decaying wood in terrestrial habitat. &lt;b&gt;Sexual morph&lt;/b&gt;: Unknown. &lt;b&gt;Asexual morph&lt;/b&gt;: Hyphomycetous. &lt;i&gt;Colonies&lt;/i&gt; on natural substrate superficial, effuse, dark brown to black, velvety. &lt;i&gt;Mycelium&lt;/i&gt; partly superficial, partly immersed, composed of septate, branched, brown hyphae. &lt;i&gt;Conidiophores&lt;/i&gt; 34&ndash;61 &times; 5.5&ndash;9.5 &mu;m (= 44.5 &times; 8 &mu;m, n = 15), macronematous, mononematous, gregarious, erect, short, cylindrical, rounded at apex, straight or broadly curved, septate, unbranched, brown to dark brown, thick-walled. &lt;i&gt;Conidiogenous cells&lt;/i&gt; 6.5&ndash;10.5 &times; 8&ndash;10.5 &mu;m (= 8.5 &times; 9 &mu;m, n = 15), monotretic, terminal, integrated, slightly swollen, dark brown, thick-walled. &lt;i&gt;Conidia&lt;/i&gt; 64&ndash;77 &times; 15.5&ndash;24.5 &mu;m (= 68.5 &times; 19 &mu;m, n = 20), solitary, dry, cheiroid, obclavate to narrowly obpyriform, composed of 4 narrowly obclavate columns, fused laterally except at the apex, olivaceous brown to brown, distoseptate, slightly constricted at the septa, verrucose, with a circular, hyaline, gelatinous sheath around the hyaline tip.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Culture characteristics&lt;/i&gt;: Conidia germinate on water agar within 72 hrs. Germ tubes are produced from the apex or base. Colonies superficial, irregularly circular, with raised surface and undulate edge, from above grey to whitish grey in the center, brownish gray at the edge, and from below, pale grey in the middle, brownish grey at the edge&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Material examined&lt;/i&gt;: THAILAND, Chiang Mai province, Mae Taeng, Mushroom Research Center, on decaying wood in terrestrial habitat, 18 July 2020, Y. R. Sun, MRCS9 (MFLU 22-0204, holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 22-0171.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Notes&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;i&gt;Tretospeira cheirospora&lt;/i&gt; resembles the type species in having erect, cylindrical, short conidiophores and monotretic conidiogenous cells bearing obclavate to narrowly obpyriform conidia composed of four columns (Pirozynski 1972). However, &lt;i&gt;Tretospeira cheirospora&lt;/i&gt; has slightly longer conidiophores (34&ndash;61 &mu;m vs. 15&ndash;50 &mu;m) and larger conidia (64&ndash;77 &times; 15.5&ndash;24.5 &mu;m vs. 40&ndash;60 &times; 17 &mu;m) than those of &lt;i&gt;T. ugandensis&lt;/i&gt; (Pirozynski 1972). Besides, conidia of &lt;i&gt;T. cheirospora&lt;/i&gt; have a circular, hyaline, gelatinous sheath at the apex which is absent in &lt;i&gt;T. ugandensis&lt;/i&gt;. Therefore, we introduce &lt;i&gt;Tretospeira cheirospora&lt;/i&gt; as a new species based on morphology.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; In our phylogenetic analysis, &lt;i&gt;Tretospeira cheirospora&lt;/i&gt; has close affinity with &lt;i&gt;Banksiophoma australiensis&lt;/i&gt; (FIGURE 1). &lt;i&gt;Banksiophoma&lt;/i&gt; is a monotypic genus represented by its coelomycetous asexual morph, which has pycnidial conidiomata and ellipsoid to globose or subglobose, hyaline, aseptate conidia (Crous &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. 2017). Thus their morphology can not be appropriately compared. Further discoveries of sexual morphs of both &lt;i&gt;Banksiophoma&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Tretospeira&lt;/i&gt; may bring a clearer understanding of the two genera.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Liu, Ning-Guo, Liu, Jian-Kui, Sun, Ya-Ru &amp; Jumpathong, Juangjun, 2023, Phylogenetic placement of Tretospeira cheirospora in Phaeosphaeriaceae, pp. 175-186 in Phytotaxa 579 (3)&lt;/i&gt; on page 180, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.3.3, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7550325"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/7550325&lt;/a&gt

Actinomycins from Soil-Inhabiting Streptomyces as Sources of Antibacterial Pigments for Silk Dyeing

Actinobacteria produce a broad spectrum of bioactive substances that are used in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnology industries. This study investigates the production of bioactive substances in Streptomyces, isolated from soil under five tropical plants, focusing on their potential as natural antibacterial dyes for silk fabrics. Out of 194 isolates, 44 produced pigments on broken rice as a solid substrate culture. Eight antibacterial pigmented isolates from under Magnolia baillonii (TBRC 15924, TBRC 15927, TBRC 15931), Magnolia rajaniana (TBRC 15925, TBRC 15926, TBRC 15928, TBRC 15930), and Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (TBRC 15929) were studied in more detail. TBRC 15927 was the only isolate where all the crude extracts inhibited the growth of the test organisms, Staphylococcus epidermidis TISTR 518 and S. aureus DMST 4745. The bioactive compounds present in TBRC 15927 were identified through LC-MS/MS analysis as belonging to the actinomycin group, actinomycin D (or X1), X2, and X0&beta;. Also, the ethyl acetate crude extract exhibited non-toxicity at an IC50 value of 0.029 &plusmn; 0.008 &micro;g/mL on the mouse fibroblast L-929 assay. From the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, TBRC 15927 had 100% identity with Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. Raw silk dyed with the positive antimicrobial TBRC 15927 extract (8.35 mg/mL) had significant (&gt;99.99%) antibacterial properties. Streptomyces gramineus TBRC 15927 is the first actinomycin-producing strain reported to grow on broken rice and shows promise for antibacterial silk dyeing

DNA Repair Biosensor-Identified DNA Damage Activities of Endophyte Extracts from Garcinia cowa

Recent developments in chemotherapy focus on target-specific mechanisms, which occur only in cancer cells and minimize the effects on normal cells. DNA damage and repair pathways are a promising target in the treatment of cancer. In order to identify novel compounds targeting DNA repair pathways, two key proteins, 53BP1 and RAD54L, were tagged with fluorescent proteins as indicators for two major double strand break (DSB) repair pathways: non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). The engineered biosensor cells exhibited the same DNA repair properties as the wild type. The biosensor cells were further used to investigate the DNA repair activities of natural biological compounds. An extract from Phyllosticta sp., the endophyte isolated from the medicinal plant Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy, was tested. The results showed that the crude extract induced DSB, as demonstrated by the increase in the DNA DSB marker &gamma;H2AX. The damaged DNA appeared to be repaired through NHEJ, as the 53BP1 focus formation in the treated fraction was higher than in the control group. In conclusion, DNA repair-based biosensors are useful for the preliminary screening of crude extracts and biological compounds for the identification of potential targeted therapeutic drugs