History of dating violence and the association with late adolescent health

BACKGROUND: The present investigation expands upon prior studies by examining the relationship between health in late adolescence and the experience of physical/sexual and non-physical dating violence victimization, including dating violence types that are relevant to today’s adolescents (e.g., harassment via email and text messaging). We examined the relationship between physical/sexual and non-physical dating violence victimization from age 13 to 19 and health in late adolescence/early adulthood. METHODS: The sample comprised 585 subjects (ages 18 to 21; mean age, 19.8, SD = 1.0) recruited from The Ohio State University who completed an online survey to assess: 1) current health (depression, disordered eating, binge drinking, smoking, and frequent sexual behavior); and 2) dating violence victimization from age 13 to 19 (retrospectively assessed using eight questions covering physical, sexual, and non-physical abuse, including technology-related abuse involving stalking/harassment via text messaging and email). Multivariable models compared health indicators in never-exposed subjects to those exposed to physical/sexual or non-physical dating violence only. The multivariable models were adjusted for age and other non-dating abuse victimization (bullying; punched, kicked, choked by a parent/guardian; touched in a sexual place, forced to touch someone sexually). RESULTS: In adjusted analyses, compared to non-exposed females, females with physical/sexual dating violence victimization were at increased risk of smoking (prevalence ratio = 3.95); depressive symptoms (down/hopeless, PR = 2.00; lost interest, PR = 1.79); eating disorders (using diet aids, PR = 1.98; fasting, PR = 4.71; vomiting to lose weight, PR = 4.33); and frequent sexual behavior (5+ intercourse and oral sex partners, PR = 2.49, PR = 2.02; having anal sex, PR = 2.82). Compared to non-exposed females, females with non-physical dating violence only were at increased risk of smoking (PR = 3.61), depressive symptoms (down/hopeless, PR = 1.41; lost interest, PR = 1.36), eating disorders (fasting, PR = 3.37; vomiting, PR = 2.66), having 5+ intercourse partners (PR = 2.20), and having anal sex (PR = 2.18). For males, no health differences were observed for those experiencing physical/sexual dating violence compared to those who did not. Compared to non-exposed males, males with non-physical dating violence only were at increased risk of smoking (PR = 3.91) and disordered eating (fasting, using diet aids, vomiting, PR = 2.93). CONCLUSIONS: For females, more pronounced adverse health was observed for those exposed to physical/sexual versus non-physical dating violence. For both females and males, non-physical dating violence victimization contributed to poor health

Cigarillo Flavor in Context: Qualitative Analysis of the Social-Ecological Factors Influencing Cigarillo and Cannabis Co-Use Among Young Adults

Co-use of cannabis and cigarillos (“co-use”) is prevalent among young adults. The United States Food and Drug Administration proposed a rule to ban flavored cigars, which could impact co-use, particularly blunt use (removing tobacco from cigar and mixing or replacing with cannabis). We sought to explore the impact of cigarillo flavor on cannabis/cigarillo co-use. The sample included 38 young adults (21–28) who smoked cigarillos and cannabis in the past month recruited from a non-probability sample of participants in the Cigarillos Flavor and Abuse Liability, Attention, and Substitution (C-FLASH) Study. Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted, double-coded, and analyzed for emergent themes. Most participants believed cigarillo flavor enhances the co-use experience, but participants mostly felt that a cigar flavor ban would not impact their cannabis use. They would continue using unflavored cigarillos to roll blunts or migrate to another method of consuming cannabis. Other influential cigarillo characteristics (e.g., burn time) and social-contextual factors (e.g., management of mental health, easy access) emerged. Banning flavored cigars may have a neutral to positive impact on co-users. To reduce co-use, policymakers should consider approaches to address psychosocial and structural determinants of use

A JUHOK MESTERSÉGES TERMÉKENYÍTÉSÉNEK ÉS IVARZÁS-INDUKÁLÁSÁNAK ÖKONÓMIAI ELEMZÉSE

A szerzők vizsgálataikban a hazai juhtenyésztés jövedelmezőségének és ver-senyképességének javítása érdekében két biotechnikai eljárás – az ivarzás-indukálás és a mesterséges termékenyítés – gyakorlati alkalmazásával és ökonó-miai elemzésével foglalkoztak. Magyar merinó juhokat, továbbá lacaune és lacaune keresztezett jerkéket próbáltak vemhesíteni szezonon kívül, május végén, ivarzás-indukálás után. Így az állatokat a szokásos vemhesítési periódus előtt, négy hónappal korábban vették tenyésztésbe, megcélozva ezzel a magasabb vágóállat felvásárlási árakat. A kezelések költségét jelentős mértékben megha-ladta a bárányonként elérhető extraprofit, amit a decemberi – keresleti piacra történő – bárányértékesítéskor értek el, ráadásul a laktációs idő és a kifejt tej mennyiségének növelésével további bevételre tettek szert a lacaune állománynál. Azok a tenyésztők, akik megfelelő tartási és takarmányozási körülményekkel rendelkeznek, eredményesen próbálkozhatnak a különböző biotechnikai eljárások alkalmazásával, ezzel lehetőség nyílik a juhtenyésztés jövedelmezőségének fokozására. - During their investigations the authors dealt with the practical applications and economic analysis of two biotechnical methods - oestrus induction and artificial insemination – in the interests of improving domestic lambing’s profitability and competitiveness. Two groups of animals of different species were examined. Attempts were made out of season, at the end of May, to impregnate Hungarian merino lambs in the first group, and Lacaune and Lacaune-crossed ewe lambs in the second group, following oestrus induction. In this manner, animals were taken into breeding four months before the usual breeding season, targeting the higher buying-up price for slaughter-lambs. The cost of treatment was significantly lower than the extra profit achieved in the market in December. Furthermore, the longer lactation period and increased quantity of milk resulted in additional income from the Lacaune stock. These investigations proved that breeders with suitable maintenance and feeding conditions can try different biotechnical methods with success. With the help of biotechnical methods the profitability of sheep breeding can be raised. These methods are already available for breeders

A JUHOK MESTERSÉGES TERMÉKENYÃTÉSÉNEK ÉS IVARZÃS-INDUKÃLÃSÃNAK ÖKONÓMIAI ELEMZÉSE

A szerzÅ‘k vizsgálataikban a hazai juhtenyésztés jövedelmezÅ‘ségének és ver-senyképességének javítása érdekében két biotechnikai eljárás – az ivarzás-indukálás és a mesterséges termékenyítés – gyakorlati alkalmazásával és ökonó-miai elemzésével foglalkoztak. Magyar merinó juhokat, továbbá lacaune és lacaune keresztezett jerkéket próbáltak vemhesíteni szezonon kívül, május végén, ivarzás-indukálás után. Ãgy az állatokat a szokásos vemhesítési periódus elÅ‘tt, négy hónappal korábban vették tenyésztésbe, megcélozva ezzel a magasabb vágóállat felvásárlási árakat. A kezelések költségét jelentÅ‘s mértékben megha-ladta a bárányonként elérhetÅ‘ extraprofit, amit a decemberi – keresleti piacra történÅ‘ – bárányértékesítéskor értek el, ráadásul a laktációs idÅ‘ és a kifejt tej mennyiségének növelésével további bevételre tettek szert a lacaune állománynál. Azok a tenyésztÅ‘k, akik megfelelÅ‘ tartási és takarmányozási körülményekkel rendelkeznek, eredményesen próbálkozhatnak a különbözÅ‘ biotechnikai eljárások alkalmazásával, ezzel lehetÅ‘ség nyílik a juhtenyésztés jövedelmezÅ‘ségének fokozására. - During their investigations the authors dealt with the practical applications and economic analysis of two biotechnical methods - oestrus induction and artificial insemination – in the interests of improving domestic lambing’s profitability and competitiveness. Two groups of animals of different species were examined. Attempts were made out of season, at the end of May, to impregnate Hungarian merino lambs in the first group, and Lacaune and Lacaune-crossed ewe lambs in the second group, following oestrus induction. In this manner, animals were taken into breeding four months before the usual breeding season, targeting the higher buying-up price for slaughter-lambs. The cost of treatment was significantly lower than the extra profit achieved in the market in December. Furthermore, the longer lactation period and increased quantity of milk resulted in additional income from the Lacaune stock. These investigations proved that breeders with suitable maintenance and feeding conditions can try different biotechnical methods with success. With the help of biotechnical methods the profitability of sheep breeding can be raised. These methods are already available for breeders.biotechnikai módszerek, juhhústermelés, versenyképesség, felvásárlási árak, bárányexport, jövedelemalakulás biotechnical methods, mutton production, competitiveness, buying-up prices, lamb-export, profitability, Livestock Production/Industries,

Profile of Executive Functioning and Lifetime History of Acquired Brain Injury in Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness: A Pilot Study

(1) Background: Housing instability is a public health issue in both developed and developing countries. This exploratory pilot study examines executive functioning (EF) and the history of acquired brain injury (ABI) in youth and young adults experiencing homelessness (YYEH). (2) Methods: Twenty-three YYEH (ages 18–25; 48% male) were recruited from a drop-in center in Central Ohio. The Ohio State University TBI Identification Method (OSU TBI-ID+ABI) was used to screen for exposure to ABI. Outcomes were measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function for Adults (BRIEF-A) and the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery. (3) Results: Eighty-seven percent of participants reported a lifetime history of ABI, including traumatic brain injury or hypoxic-anoxic brain injury. Overall, participants did not present with elevated EF scores on outcome measures. Those with multiple lifetime ABIs (n = 16) had significantly higher scores than those with a single ABI (n = 4), representing poorer EF, on shift, self-monitor, task monitor, and the Global Executive Composite of the BRIEF-A. There was no evidence of significant differences between participants on outcome measures based on injury mechanism. (4) Conclusions: In this pilot sample, those with multiple reported ABIs demonstrated decreased EF performance, and these differences were noted in specific areas of EF. To ensure YYEH have access to services, resource support and intervention providers should consider the cognitive profiles of the youth they serve