Property formation and three-dimensional property units in sweden

Legislative work is currently in progress in Sweden aimed at making possible the formation of properties in strata. At the moment, the government is preparing the bill. The proposed law may get legal force not earlier than 2003. A Commission proposed in 1996 that real property will consist of either a part of the surface of the ground or a three-dimensional space which contains a building or part of a building. Thus it will not be possible to create properties which permanently will consist merely of air or a volume of rock. The subdivision into horizontal strata must be terminated if the building is not erected or is destroyed. Today a Commission investigate the possibility of also introducing strata titles or condominiums in Swedish law. At the National Land Survey of Sweden, Lantmäteriet, a pre study is currently investigating how to implement the new law within the Real Property Register and the digital Cadastral Index Map

Layer approach to ownership in 3D cadastre in the case of underground tunnels

The paper focuses on approaches to the registration of real property rights in the case of underground or subway tunnels in different EU countries: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Greece, Poland, Slovenia, and Sweden. The authors conducted analysis on the registration of rights to subway tunnels in the chosen countries, including its effectiveness in ensuring appropriate property rights to construct and exploit tunnels. Special attention was given to limitations related to the lack of legal provisions vertically dividing space, i.e. into layers, and referring to the ownership right to the layers. Benefits which might be achieved by the introduction of a 3D real property subdivision were pointed out. The analysis of the available data concerning the geometry of subway tunnels in particular countries was presented. The authors tried to answer the question whether the accessible data concerning the geometry of subway tunnels allows to generate a 3D geospatial model of a constructed object, and to specify the space which should be determined as a 3D parcel in the 3D real property cadastre, for the purpose of registering property rights for the object (the tunnel)