Operational Characteristics Identification and Simulation Model Verification for Incheon International Airport

Incheon International Airport (ICN) is one of the hub airports in East Asia. Airport operations at ICN have been growing more than 5% per year in the past five years. According to the current airport expansion plan, a new passenger terminal will be added and the current cargo ramp will be expanded in 2018. This expansion project will bring 77 new stands without adding a new runway to the airport. Due to such continuous growth in airport operations and future expansion of the ramps, it will be highly likely that airport surface traffic will experience more congestion, and therefore, suffer from efficiency degradation. There is a growing awareness in aviation research community of need for strategic and tactical surface scheduling capabilities for efficient airport surface operations. Specific to ICN airport operations, a need for A-CDM (Airport - Collaborative Decision Making) or S-CDM(Surface - Collaborative Decision Making), and controller decision support tools for efficient air traffic management has arisen since several years ago. In the United States, there has been independent research efforts made by academia, industry, and government research organizations to enhance efficiency and predictability of surface operations at busy airports. Among these research activities, the Spot and Runway Departure Advisor (SARDA) developed and tested by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is a decision support tool to provide tactical advisories to the controllers for efficient surface operations. The effectiveness of SARDA concept, was successfully verified through the human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulations for both spot release and runway operations advisories for ATC Tower controllers of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) in 2010 and 2012, and gate pushback advisories for the ramp controller of Charlotte/Douglas International Airport (CLT) in 2014. The SARDA concept for tactical surface scheduling is further enhanced and is being integrated into NASA's Airspace Technology Demonstration - 2 (ATD-2) project for technology demonstration of Integrated Arrival/Departure/Surface (ADS) operations at CLT. This study is a part of the international research collaboration between KAIA (Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement)/KARI (Korea Aerospace Research Institute) and NASA, which is being conducted to validate the effectiveness of SARDA concept as a controller decision support tool for departure and surface management of ICN. This paper presents the preliminary results of the collaboration effort. It includes investigation of the operational environment of ICN, data analysis for identification of the operational characteristics of the airport, construction and verification of airport simulation model using Surface Operations Simulator and Scheduler (SOSS), NASA's fast-time simulation tool

CONMOD: Controllable Neural Frame-based Modulation Effects

Deep learning models have seen widespread use in modelling LFO-driven audio effects, such as phaser and flanger. Although existing neural architectures exhibit high-quality emulation of individual effects, they do not possess the capability to manipulate the output via control parameters. To address this issue, we introduce Controllable Neural Frame-based Modulation Effects (CONMOD), a single black-box model which emulates various LFO-driven effects in a frame-wise manner, offering control over LFO frequency and feedback parameters. Additionally, the model is capable of learning the continuous embedding space of two distinct phaser effects, enabling us to steer between effects and achieve creative outputs. Our model outperforms previous work while possessing both controllability and universality, presenting opportunities to enhance creativity in modern LFO-driven audio effects

T-FOLEY: A Controllable Waveform-Domain Diffusion Model for Temporal-Event-Guided Foley Sound Synthesis

Foley sound, audio content inserted synchronously with videos, plays a critical role in the user experience of multimedia content. Recently, there has been active research in Foley sound synthesis, leveraging the advancements in deep generative models. However, such works mainly focus on replicating a single sound class or a textual sound description, neglecting temporal information, which is crucial in the practical applications of Foley sound. We present T-Foley, a Temporal-event-guided waveform generation model for Foley sound synthesis. T-Foley generates high-quality audio using two conditions: the sound class and temporal event feature. For temporal conditioning, we devise a temporal event feature and a novel conditioning technique named Block-FiLM. T-Foley achieves superior performance in both objective and subjective evaluation metrics and generates Foley sound well-synchronized with the temporal events. Additionally, we showcase T-Foley's practical applications, particularly in scenarios involving vocal mimicry for temporal event control. We show the demo on our companion website

New time-scale criteria for model simplification of bio-reaction systems

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Quasi-steady state approximation (QSSA) based on time-scale analysis is known to be an effective method for simplifying metabolic reaction system, but the conventional analysis becomes time-consuming and tedious when the system is large. Although there are automatic methods, they are based on eigenvalue calculations of the Jacobian matrix and on linear transformations, which have a high computation cost. A more efficient estimation approach is necessary for complex systems.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This work derived new time-scale factor by focusing on the problem structure. By mathematically reasoning the balancing behavior of fast species, new time-scale criteria were derived with a simple expression that uses the Jacobian matrix directly. The algorithm requires no linear transformation or decomposition of the Jacobian matrix, which has been an essential part for previous automatic time-scaling methods. Furthermore, the proposed scale factor is estimated locally. Therefore, an iterative procedure was also developed to find the possible multiple boundary layers and to derive an appropriate reduced model.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>By successive calculation of the newly derived time-scale criteria, it was possible to detect multiple boundary layers of full ordinary differential equation (ODE) models. Besides, the iterative procedure could derive the appropriate reduced differential algebraic equation (DAE) model with consistent initial values, which was tested with simple examples and a practical example.</p

A Novel Patent Similarity Measurement Methodology: Semantic Distance and Technological Distance

Measuring similarity between patents is an essential step to ensure novelty of innovation. However, a large number of methods of measuring the similarity between patents still rely on manual classification of patents by experts. Another body of research has proposed automated methods; nevertheless, most of it solely focuses on the semantic similarity of patents. In order to tackle these limitations, we propose a hybrid method for automatically measuring the similarity between patents, considering both semantic and technological similarities. We measure the semantic similarity based on patent texts using BERT, calculate the technological similarity with IPC codes using Jaccard similarity, and perform hybridization by assigning weights to the two similarity methods. Our evaluation result demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms the baseline that considers the semantic similarity only

Video-Foley: Two-Stage Video-To-Sound Generation via Temporal Event Condition For Foley Sound

Foley sound synthesis is crucial for multimedia production, enhancing user experience by synchronizing audio and video both temporally and semantically. Recent studies on automating this labor-intensive process through video-to-sound generation face significant challenges. Systems lacking explicit temporal features suffer from poor controllability and alignment, while timestamp-based models require costly and subjective human annotation. We propose Video-Foley, a video-to-sound system using Root Mean Square (RMS) as a temporal event condition with semantic timbre prompts (audio or text). RMS, a frame-level intensity envelope feature closely related to audio semantics, ensures high controllability and synchronization. The annotation-free self-supervised learning framework consists of two stages, Video2RMS and RMS2Sound, incorporating novel ideas including RMS discretization and RMS-ControlNet with a pretrained text-to-audio model. Our extensive evaluation shows that Video-Foley achieves state-of-the-art performance in audio-visual alignment and controllability for sound timing, intensity, timbre, and nuance. Code, model weights, and demonstrations are available on the accompanying website. (https://jnwnlee.github.io/video-foley-demo

The Importance of Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination in Cellular Reprogramming

Ubiquitination of core stem cell transcription factors can directly affect stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination must occur in a timely and well-coordinated manner to regulate the protein turnover of several stemness related proteins, resulting in optimal embryonic stem cell maintenance and differentiation. There are two switches: an E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme that tags ubiquitin molecules to the target proteins for proteolysis and a second enzyme, the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUBs), that performs the opposite action, thereby preventing proteolysis. In order to maintain stemness and to allow for efficient differentiation, both ubiquitination and deubiquitination molecular switches must operate properly in a balanced manner. In this review, we have summarized the importance of the ubiquitination of core stem cell transcription factors, such as Oct3/4, c-Myc, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, and LIN28, during cellular reprogramming. Furthermore, we emphasize the role of DUBs in regulating core stem cell transcriptional factors and their function in stem cell maintenance and differentiation. We also discuss the possibility of using DUBs, along with core transcription factors, to efficiently generate induced pluripotent stem cells. Our review provides a relatively new understanding regarding the importance of ubiquitination/deubiquitination of stem cell transcription factors for efficient cellular reprogramming

Temperature-dependent ff-electron evolution in CeCoIn5_5 via a comparative infrared study with LaCoIn5_5

We investigated CeCoIn$_5$ and LaCoIn$_5$ single crystals, which have the same HoCoGa$_5$-type tetragonal crystal structure, using infrared spectroscopy. However, while CeCoIn$_5$ has 4$f$ electrons, LaCoIn$_5$ does not. By comparing these two material systems, we extracted the temperature-dependent electronic evolution of the $f$ electrons of CeCoIn$_5$. We observed that the differences caused by the $f$ electrons are more obvious in low-energy optical spectra at low temperatures. We introduced a complex optical resistivity and obtained a magnetic optical resistivity from the difference in the optical resistivity spectra of the two material systems. From the temperature-dependent average magnetic resistivity, we found that the onset temperature of the Kondo effect is much higher than the known onset temperature of Kondo scattering ($\simeq$ 200 K) of CeCoIn$_5$. Based on momentum-dependent hybridization, the periodic Anderson model, and a maximum entropy approach, we obtained the hybridization gap distribution function of CeCoIn$_5$ and found that the resulting gap distribution function of CeCoIn$_5$ was mainly composed of two (small and large) components (or gaps). We assigned the small and large gaps to the in-plane and out-of-plane hybridization gaps, respectively. We expect that our results will provide useful information for understanding the temperature-dependent electronic evolution of $f$-electron systems near Fermi level.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figure

Effect of Regular Plyometric Training on Growth-related Factors in Obesity Female Teenager

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of regular plyometric training on growth-related factors in obese female teenager. METHODS The subjects of the study consisted of elementary school students group (EG, n=5) and middle school students group(MG, n=6), and overweight or obese experimenters were selected based on the ‘2017 Child and Adolescent Growth Chart Age Body Mass’ index. Exercise was conducted for 12 weeks. All measurements were carried out before and after exercise. The data processing was verified using the SPSS 26.0 statistical program to verify the correlation between paired t-test and Pearson in the 12-week pretraining and post-training groups. RESULTS After 12 weeks of plyometric training, there were significant differences in height(p=.002), ASIS(p=.003), body fat percentage(p=.018), and muscle mass(p=.014) among body composition of EG. There was a significant difference in height(p=.015) in body composition of MG. In the evaluation of muscle function, in muscle strength(60°/sec), (R)-FLE PT/bw(p=.011), (L)-FLE PT/bw(p=.017) in EG and muscle power(180°/sec), (R)-FLE PT/bw(p=.024), (L)-EXT PT/bw(p=.001), (R)-FLE TW/bw(p=.004) and (L)-EXT TW/bw(p=.012) showed a statistically significant difference. In terms of correlation, significant relationships were found between EG body fat mass and IGF-1(p<.05), and between body fat mass and IGF-1/IGF-BP3(p<.05). CONCLUSIONS Regular plyometric training had a positive effect on growth-related factors in obese female teenager

Osteoclast differentiation independent of the TRANCE–RANK–TRAF6 axis

Osteoclasts are derived from myeloid lineage cells, and their differentiation is supported by various osteotropic factors, including the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE). Genetic deletion of TRANCE or its receptor, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), results in severely osteopetrotic mice with no osteoclasts in their bones. TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6 is a key signaling adaptor for RANK, and its deficiency leads to similar osteopetrosis. Hence, the current paradigm holds that TRANCE–RANK interaction and subsequent signaling via TRAF6 are essential for the generation of functional osteoclasts. Surprisingly, we show that hematopoietic precursors from TRANCE-, RANK-, or TRAF6-null mice can become osteoclasts in vitro when they are stimulated with TNF-α in the presence of cofactors such as TGF-β. We provide direct evidence against the current paradigm that the TRANCE–RANK–TRAF6 pathway is essential for osteoclast differentiation and suggest the potential existence of alternative routes for osteoclast differentiation