Announcing is bad, delaying is worse: Another pitfall in well-intended climate policy

It is frequently observed that the implementation of green policies is delayed compared to the initial announcement. Considering a setting with a representative monopolist extracting a non-renewable resource, we demonstrate that announcing a green policy, but then delaying its implementation, is associated with a larger cumulative extraction at any point in time than announcing a late implementation of this policy at the outset

Kurz zum Klima: Staatliche Beeinflussung von Kraftstoffpreisen

Kraftstoffpreise werden weltweit maßgeblich durch Staatseingriffe in Form von Steuern und Subventionen beeinflusst. Die meisten Staaten haben mittlerweile Steuern implementiert und nur noch wenige, vor allem einige erdölexportierende Länder, subventionieren Kraftstoffe. Jedoch geht auch in diesen Ländern der Trend immer stärker zur Abschaffung der überaus teuren Subventionen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Gründe der staatliche Eingriffe in die Preisbildung und zeigt, welche Staaten Kraftstoffe besteuern und welche sie subventionieren

Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Matematikamelalui Penerapan Metode Belajar Aktif Model Meninjau Kembali Kesulitan di Kelas II Sdn 009 Tanjung Palas

This study aimed to describe the results of learning through the use of media folder. The subject of research grade II SDN 009 Tanjung Palas. Improved learning outcomes in terms of four categories of goods, namely absorption, the effectiveness of learning, mastery learning completeness students both individually and classical completeness and accuracy of the results of learning. The instrument used for data collection is an oral test and a written test in the form of worksheets performed after the learning process. Results Shows absorption learning outcomes on average 83% is considered very good, very effective learning effectiveness categorized with an average of 70. While the completeness of student learning outcomes Presented complete 100%. In addition, increase the thoroughness of students in each cycle, the first cycle (58.82%), the second cycle (70.59%), the third cycle (88.24%). Based on these results it can be concluded that through active learning model of revisiting the difficulty can improve students' mathematics learning outcomes

Kurz zum Klima: Staatliche Beeinflussung von Kraftstoffpreisen

Kraftstoffpreise werden weltweit maßgeblich durch Staatseingriffe in Form von Steuern und Subventionen beeinflusst. Die meisten Staaten haben mittlerweile Steuern implementiert und nur noch wenige, vor allem einige erdölexportierende Länder, subventionieren Kraftstoffe. Jedoch geht auch in diesen Ländern der Trend immer stärker zur Abschaffung der überaus teuren Subventionen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Gründe der staatliche Eingriffe in die Preisbildung und zeigt, welche Staaten Kraftstoffe besteuern und welche sie subventionieren.Kraftstoff, Preis, Mineralölhandel, Mineralölsteuer, Regulierung

The Green Paradox and the Choice of Capacity

A number of recent papers extend traditional Hotelling frameworks by the topical issue of climate change. They study the effects of different environmental taxes on the resource extraction paths and derive important and far-reaching policy implications. In particular the most recent strain of literature devoted to the so called Green Paradox shows how over various economic channels a steady increase in environmental taxation rather accelerates resource extraction instead of resulting in the desired slow down. The cause of this paradox lies in the inability to tax the supply side of the resource and thus limits the policy instruments to the demand. Thus, e.g. an oil-sheikh has an interest to sell his oil while it is still relatively low taxed and he can still generate higher profits. This effect could be seen as a kind of intertemporal carbon leakage transferring future extraction to the present. The Green Paradox literature generally concludes that a binding global certifcate system covering all CO2 sources is the only solution and that attempts of implementing greener policies in the transition process are counterproductive. However, the underlying implicit assumption is that extraction capacities are suffcient and that capacity adjustments are costless. Our paper accounts for an endogenous capacity building decision under convex adjustment costs by extending the original Hotelling type formulation of the Green Paradox. The analysis shows that for typical assumptions about the cost structure greener policies stay a useable instrument in the transition process. We are able to define the necessary conditions for the policy measures to be effective and show that the evaluation of the Green Paradox differs for pre and post oil-peak regimes

Korelasi antara Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) dan Cystatin C Serum pada Usia 40–70 Tahun

Pelaporan estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus (eLFG) pada setiap hasil pemeriksaan kreatinin dianjurkan, walaupun saat ini tidak semua laboratorium mencantumkan pada hasil pemeriksaan. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) merupakan formula yang digunakan untuk mengestimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus menggunakan kreatinin serum. Cystatin C serum merupakan pemeriksaan yang relatif baru dan petanda yang baik untuk menilai fungsi ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi antara MDRD dan cystatin C serum. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari 260 subjek penelitian usia 40–70 tahun yang memeriksakan kreatinin serum dan cystatin C serum selama periode Januari 2013–September 2014 di laboratorium klinik swasta di Jakarta Barat dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usia rata-rata subjek 55,7+7,8 tahun. Kadar cystatin C serum rata-rata 0,99 + 0,6 mg/L, MDRD 80,24±28,1 mL/min/1,73m2. Terdapat korelasi negatif antara MDRD dan cystatin C serum dengan r=-0,767, p=0,001 (uji Pearson). Disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi nilai MDRD, nilai cystatin C serum semakin rendah. MDRD dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif uji fungsi ginjal bila pemeriksaan cystatin C serum tidak tersedia

El xenotrasplantament: el porc com a donant d'òrgans

Treball presentat a l'assignatura de Deontologia i Veterinària Legal (21223

A novel metalloprotease from Bacillus cereus for protein fibre processing

A novel protease produced by Bacillus cereus grown on wool as carbon and nitrogen source was purified. B. cereus protease is a neutral metalloprotease with a molecular mass of 45.6 kDa. The optimum activity was at 45 °C and pH 7.0. The substrate specificity was assessed using oxidized insulin B-chain and synthetic peptide substrates. The cleavage of the insulin B-chain was determined to be Asn3, Leu6, His10-Leu11, Ala14, Glu21, after 12 h incubation. Among the peptide substrates, the enzyme did not exhibit activity towards ester substrates; with p-nitroanilide, the kinetic data indicate that aliphatic and aromatic amino acids were the preferred residues at the P1 position. For furylacryloyl peptides substrates, which are typical substrates for thermolysin, the enzyme exhibited high hydrolytic activity with a Km values of 0.858 and 2.363 mM for N-(3-[2-Furyl]acryloyl)-Ala-Phe amide and N-(3-[2-Furyl]acryloyl)-Gly-Leu amide, respectively. The purified protease hydrolysed proteins substrates such as azocasein, azocoll, keratin azure and wool

PENGENALAN POLA TANDA TANGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE EKSTRAKSI CIRI DCT, DFT DAN FILTER 2D GABOR WAVELET

ABSTRAKSI: Belakangan ini pengenalan pola (pattern recognition) banyak diimplementasikan di dunia industri ataupun instansi, seperti automated capture dari sinyal dan gambar untuk keperluan identifikasi. Identifikasi tanda tangan manusia merupakan proses untuk mengenali dan menentukan tanda tangan dari seseorang. Teknologi identifikasi untuk pengenalan pola tanda tangan termasuk di dalam biometrik yang menggunakan karakteristik perilaku alami manusia. Pemalsuan citra tanda tangan dapat terjadi dengan mudah, sehingga dibutuhkan sistem identifikasi yang mampu membedakan tanda tangan asli atau palsu. Banyak sekali metode ekstraksi ciri yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk pengenalan pola. Pada Tugas Akhir ini dilakukan suatu perbandingan beberapa metode ekstraksi ciri untuk mendapatkan hasil verifikasi pola tanda tangan yang paling akurat. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Transformasi Kosinus Diskrit (DCT), Transformasi Fourier Diskrit (DFT) dan Filter 2D Gabor Wavelet. Proses yang dilakukan dalam tugas akhir ini adalah mengcapture tanda tangan oleh webcam, lalu dilakukan preprocessing yaitu perbaikan kualitas citra, setelah itu barulah proses ekstraksi ciri dilakukan dengan ketiga metode diatas. Proses pengklasifikasian yaitu mengenali ciri tanda tangan input sebagai milik seseorang dalam database menggunakan metode K-means. Dari ketiga metode ekstraksi ciri yang telah mengalami proses pengujian, diperoleh hasil akurasi tertinggi yaitu 77.78% (menggunakan metode Gabor Wavelet).Kata Kunci : Metode ekstraksi ciri, DCT, DFT, Filter 2D Gabor Wavelet,ABSTRACT: Nowadays, pattern recognition has been most implemented in industries and instancies, such as automated capture of signal and images for the needs of identification. Identifying signature is a kind of process to recognize and emphasize one’s signature. The technology of identification human’s signature includes in the biometric using the natural characteristic of human beings. Falsifying the the image of signature can be eagerly happened, so that it is necesarry to count on the identification system, which is able to differenciate the original signature from the false signature. Lots of methods of extracting character which can be applied as pattern identification. In this final assignment, the writer make a comparison to some methods of extracting character to get the verification of the most accurate pattern of signature. The methods used here are Discrete Cosinus of Transformation, Discrete Fourier Transformation, and 2D Filter of Gabor Wavelet. In this final assignment, it is defined by capturing the signature with webcam, then preprocessing it with the improvement of the image’s quality, and at last, completing it with the three methods mentioned above. Classifying is used to recognize the character of signature input as one’s in a kind of database using the K-means method. From the three tested feature extraction methods, it is obtained the highest accuracy which is 77.78% (using Gabor Wavelet method).Keyword: Features extraction methods, DCT, DFT, 2D Filter of Gabor Wavelet