Türkçe Öğretmenlerinin Erkek ve Kız Öğrencilerine Yönelik Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kimliği Merkezli Beklentileri, Algıları ve Tutumları

This study was aimed at investigating the gender-based expectations, perceptions, and attitudes o f a sample of 100 teachers randomly selected from four middle-status anatolian, super, and normal public lycees located in the metropolitan region of Ankara, the capital of Turkey. Results o f the study indicated that there are significant differences between the occupations that the teachers considered to be appropriate for their male and female students, betweeen and adjectives that the teachers attributed to their male and female students, between the academic areas that the teachers considered their male and female students have an ability in, and between the factors that the teachers identified as the causes for failure and success of their male and female students. More importantly the results o f this study indicated that the teachers’ expectations, perceptions, and attitudes toward their male and female students significantly reflect the underlying features of traditional gender discrimination.Bu çalışmada, Ankara metropoliten kent sınırları içinde yer alan, biri anadolu, biri süper ve ikisi de normal devlet lisesi olmak üzere, orta düzeydeki dört liseden rastlantısal bir yöntemle seçilmiş 100 kişiden oluşan bir öğretmen örnekleminin kız ve erkek öğrencilerine dönük cinsiyetçi beklenti, tutum ve algıları araştırıldı. Araştırma bulguları, öğretmenler tarafından kız ve erkek öğrencilere uygun görülen meslekler, kız ve erkek öğrencilere atfedilen sıfat ve özellikler, kız ve erkek öğrencilere uygun görülen akademik çalışma alanları ile kız ve erkek öğrencilerin başarı ve başarısızlıklarının nedenleri olarak tanımlanan faktörler arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğunu göstermektedir. Daha da önemlisi, araştırma bulguları, öğretmenlerin kız ve erkek öğrencilerine dönük beklenti, algı ve tutumlarının önemli ölçüde geleneksel cinsiyet ayırımcılığının özelliklerini yansıttığını göstermektedir

Absolute properties of the binary system BB Pegasi

We present a ground based photometry of the low-temperature contact binary BB Peg. We collected all times of mid-eclipses available in literature and combined them with those obtained in this study. Analyses of the data indicate a period increase of 3.0(1) x 10^{-8} days/yr. This period increase of BB Peg can be interpreted in terms of the mass transfer 2.4 x 10^{-8} Ms yr^{-1} from the less massive to the more massive component. The physical parameters have been determined as Mc = 1.42 Ms, Mh = 0.53 Ms, Rc = 1.29 Rs, Rh = 0.83 Rs, Lc = 1.86 Ls, and Lh = 0.94 Ls through simultaneous solution of light and of the radial velocity curves. The orbital parameters of the third body, that orbits the contact system in an eccentric orbit, were obtained from the period variation analysis. The system is compared to the similar binaries in the Hertzsprung-Russell and Mass-Radius diagram.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, accepted for Astronomical Journa

Old World megadroughts and pluvials during the Common Era

Climate model projections suggest widespread drying in the Mediterranean Basin and wetting in Fennoscandia in the coming decades largely as a consequence of greenhouse gas forcing of climate. To place these and other “Old World” climate projections into historical perspective based on more complete estimates of natural hydroclimatic variability, we have developed the “Old World Drought Atlas” (OWDA), a set of year-to-year maps of tree-ring reconstructed summer wetness and dryness over Europe and the Mediterranean Basin during the Common Era. The OWDA matches historical accounts of severe drought and wetness with a spatial completeness not previously available. In addition, megadroughts reconstructed over north-central Europe in the 11th and mid-15th centuries reinforce other evidence from North America and Asia that droughts were more severe, extensive, and prolonged over Northern Hemisphere land areas before the 20th century, with an inadequate understanding of their causes. The OWDA provides new data to determine the causes of Old World drought and wetness and attribute past climate variability to forced and/or internal variability

Evaluation of Mold and Termite Resistance of Included Sapwood in Eastern Redcedar

The heartwood of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) frequently contains areas of light-colored wood. This "included sapwood" is considered to be a defect by some manufacturers. In this study, sapwood, included sapwood, and heartwood samples from five eastern redcedar trees were exposed to mold fungi or subterranean termites in a no-choice feeding test. Specific gravity, extractives content, and total volumetric shrinkage were also measured. The extractive content, specific gravity, and volumetric shrinkage values of sapwood and included sapwood were equivalent. Greater extractive content in heartwood blocks was associated with less volumetric shrinkage and greater specific gravity. Included sapwood showed the same resistance to mold growth as heartwood, which was more mold-resistant that the sapwood. Included sapwood, heartwood, and sapwood of redcedar all exhibited resistance to termite attack compared with pine wood controls

Clinical and bacteriological analysis of respiratory tract infections in sheltered dogs and determination of antibacterial treatment options

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗAfter canine infectious respiratory disease complex-CIRDC, only bacterial pneumonia or accompanied with CIRDC has a higher proportion in respiratory disease in stray dogs. Management of these respiratory problems in terms of both treatment and prevention in shelters has a big importance for animal welfare. With this purpose, the present study evaluates bacterial pneumonia in terms of clinical, bacteriological and the antibacterial treatment options in 100 sheltered dogs with respiratory tract infection symptoms. In all dogs, status of respiratory disease and treatment efficacy were evaluated by haematological analysis and clinical scores. Haematological analyses showed that all of the dogs suffered leucocytosis before treatment. Health status of all animals before, during and after treatment were evaluated according to nine clinical scores include clinical condition, body temperature, respiratory and heart rates per minutes, nasal discharge, tracheal sensitivity, mucous membranes, coughing, auscultation. For bacteriological analysisand antimicrobial susceptibility tests, Bronchoalveolar lavage-BAL fluids were obtained from all dogs, twice. The bacterial agents isolated in the present study were Bordetella spp. (38.98%), Mycoplasma spp. (21.19%), Klebsiella spp. (16.10%), E. coli (5.93%), S. aureus (5.08%) and Pasteurella spp. (4.24%). Susceptibility tests were performed by using the disc diffusion method for Enrofloxacin (ENR), Trimethoprim/Sulpha (TS), Chloramphenicol (C), Amoxicillin clavulanate (AC), and Erythromycin (E) in all cases. Bordetella spp. isolated from 46 cases were found to be most susceptible to ENR (21/46 = 46%), TS (12/46 = 26%), and C (11/46 = 24%). Mycoplasma spp. were isolated from 25 cases and were found to be susceptible to C (14/25 = 56%), TS (8/25 = 32%), and ENR (3/25 = 12%). Klebsiella spp. were isolated from 19 cases and the antibiotics most effective were ascertained as C (9/19 = 47%), ENR (9/19 = 47%), and TS (1/19 = 5%).The results showed that clinical scores could be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory tract diseases in sheltered dogs. Besides, in the light of the findings of presented study, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulpha were proven efficient against to bacterial isolates in sheltered dogs in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia. Antibacterial therapy should be conducted by antibiotic sensitivity test. But, in the cases this is not possible, antibiotic choice may contain enrofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulpha. If it is not forbidden to use for companion animals by administrations, chloramphenicol may also be thought as alternative

Aile Sosyo Ekonomik Durumu, Lise Özellikleri ve Üniversite Sınavlarına Hazırlama Kurslarının Eğitimsel Başarı Üzerine Etkileri

Eğitim sosyolojisi alanındaki uluslararası literatür, göreli de olsa, bu alandaki kuramsal vurgulamalarda ve bu vurgulamalara bağlı olarak sürdürülen ampirik çalışmalarda farklı yaklaşımlar olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, sözkonusu yaklaşımlardan ikisi üzerinde durulacak ve bu yaklaşımların temel varsayımları test edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Birinci yaklaşım, okul girdilerinin niceliksel ve niteliksel özelliklerini öğrenci başarısının temel belirleyicisi olarak kavramlaştırmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, daha yeterli kaynak ve imkanlara sahip okullara devam eden öğrencilerin başarı düzeylerinin kaynak ve imkanları yetersiz olan okullara devam eden öğrencilerin başarı düzeylerinden daha yüksek olacağını varsaymaktadır (Parsons, 1953; Sorokin, 1959; Treiman, 1970).Eğitim sosyolojisi alanındaki uluslararası literatür, göreli de olsa, bu alandaki kuramsal vurgulamalarda ve bu vurgulamalara bağlı olarak sürdürülen ampirik çalışmalarda farklı yaklaşımlar olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, sözkonusu yaklaşımlardan ikisi üzerinde durulacak ve bu yaklaşımların temel varsayımları test edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Birinci yaklaşım, okul girdilerinin niceliksel ve niteliksel özelliklerini öğrenci başarısının temel belirleyicisi olarak kavramlaştırmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, daha yeterli kaynak ve imkanlara sahip okullara devam eden öğrencilerin başarı düzeylerinin kaynak ve imkanları yetersiz olan okullara devam eden öğrencilerin başarı düzeylerinden daha yüksek olacağını varsaymaktadır (Parsons, 1953; Sorokin, 1959; Treiman, 1970)

Associated Charm Production in Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions

In this paper a search for associated charm production both in neutral and charged current $\nu$-nucleus interactions is presented. The improvement of automatic scanning systems in the {CHORUS} experiment allows an efficient search to be performed in emulsion for short-lived particles. Hence a search for rare processes, like the associated charm production, becomes possible through the observation of the double charm-decay topology with a very low background. About 130,000 $\nu$ interactions located in the emulsion target have been analysed. Three events with two charm decays have been observed in the neutral-current sample with an estimated background of 0.18$\pm$0.05. The relative rate of the associated charm cross-section in deep inelastic $\nu$ interactions, $\sigma(c\bar{c}\nu)/\sigma_\mathrm{NC}^\mathrm{DIS}= (3.62^{+2.95}_{-2.42}({stat})\pm 0.54({syst}))\times 10^{-3}$ has been measured. One event with two charm decays has been observed in charged-current $\nu_\mu$ interactions with an estimated background of 0.18$\pm$0.06 and the upper limit on associated charm production in charged-current interactions at 90% C.L. has been found to be $\sigma (c\bar{c} \mu^-)/\sigma_\mathrm{CC} < 9.69 \times 10^{-4}$.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Charged-Particle Multiplicities in Charged-Current Neutrino-- and Anti-Neutrino--Nucleus Interactions

The CHORUS experiment, designed to search for $\nu_{\mu}\to\nu_{\tau}$ oscillations, consists of a nuclear emulsion target and electronic detectors. In this paper, results on the production of charged particles in a small sample of charged-current neutrino-- and anti-neutrino--nucleus interactions at high energy are presented. For each event, the emission angle and the ionization features of the charged particles produced in the interaction are recorded, while the standard kinematic variables are reconstructed using the electronic detectors. The average multiplicities for charged tracks, the pseudo-rapidity distributions, the dispersion in the multiplicity of charged particles and the KNO scaling are studied in different kinematical regions. A study of quasi-elastic topologies performed for the first time in nuclear emulsions is also reported. The results are presented in a form suitable for use in the validation of Monte Carlo generators of neutrino--nucleus interactions.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

Electrical Size Reduction of Microstrip Antennas by Using Defected Ground Structures Composed of Complementary Split Ring Resonator

In this study the effects of using defected ground structures (DGS) composed of a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) and CSRR with dumbbell (CSRR-D) for rectangular microstrip antennas are investigated. On this aim, two different antennas, which are Antenna B having CSRR etched DGS and Antenna C having CSRR-D etched DGS are designed and fabricated in comparison with the ordinary rectangular patch antenna, which is Antenna A. In both Antenna B and C, CSRR structures are etched in the same position of the ground planes. On the other hand, another ordinary microstrip antenna, called Antenna D, is designed at resonance frequency of Antenna C. For the characterization, resonance frequencies, voltage standing wave ratios, percentage bandwidths, gains, ka values and gain radiation patterns are investigated both in simulations and experiments. The numerical analyses show that 29.39 % and 44.49 % electrical size reduction (ESR) ratios are obtained for Antenna B and Antenna C, respectively in comparison to Antenna A. The experimental results verify the ESR ratios with 29.15 % and 44.94 %. Supporting, Antenna C promises 68.12 % physical size reduction (PSR) as it is compared with Antenna D. These results reveal that Antenna C is a good alternative for DGS based microstrip electrically small antennas