Multi-objective optimization approach for cost management during product design at the conceptual phase

The effective cost management during the conceptual design phase of a product is essential to develop a product with minimum cost and desired quality. The integration of the methodologies of quality function deployment (QFD), value engineering (VE) and target costing (TC) could be applied to the continuous improvement of any product during product development. To optimize customer satisfaction and total cost of a product, a mathematical model is established in this paper. This model integrates QFD, VE and TC under multi-objective optimization frame work. A case study on domestic refrigerator is presented to show the performance of the proposed model. Goal programming is adopted to attain the goals of maximum customer satisfaction and minimum cost of the product

THE EFFECT OF BIODIESEL AND BIOETHANOL BLENDED DIESEL FUEL ON THE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIRECT INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE

History has seen fuel innovations being driven majorly by transportation needs rather than the overall need to revolutionize the energy needs of the society. Biofuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol are now receiving the impetus required for becoming a fuel source for the future. One of the ways to reduce the dependence on fossil diesel is the blending of bioethanol with conventional diesel. However, an emulsifier or a co-solvent is required to stabilize the blend. The ricebran oil biodiesel offers an alternative application as an emulsifier for diesel-ethanol blends to form diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. In the present study the rice bran oil biodiesel was used in different ways such as pure biodiesel, blending with diesel and diesel- ethanol blends. The performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine when fuelled with conventional diesel fuel, pure biodiesel, a blend of diesel and biodiesel and three blends of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol were studied over the entire range of load on the engine. The experimental results showed that the highest brake thermal efficiency was observed with 30% ethanol in diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. The exhaust gas temperature and sound reduced with the increase of ethanol percentage in diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. The Carbon monoxide, smoke, exhaust gas temperature and sound reduced with the increase of ethanol percentage in diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. The minimum values of Carbon monoxides, smoke, exhaust gas temperature and sound intensity were observed with the blend BE30 and were respectively 41.23%, 14.5%, 0.57% and 11.53% lower than that of the diesel fuel. The Oxides of nitrogen and carbon dioxide emissions increased with the increased percentage of ethanol in diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. The hydrocarbon emissions increased with ethanol but lower than that of the diesel fuel by a maximum of 35.35% with 10% ethanol in diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blend. The blending of 20% biodiesel into diesel-ethanol blends allowed higher percentage (30%) of ethanol mixing with diesel, increased the brake thermal efficiency and reduced the carbon monoxide, sound, hydrocarbons and smoke than that of the diesel fuel. So the rice bran oil biodiesel can be used as an emulsifier to mix higher percentage of ethanol with fossil diesel to improve the performance and reduce the emissions of a diesel engine

ANALYTICAL STANDARDIZATION OF TAMRA YOGA

Rasa Shastra is a specialized branch of Ayurveda which mainly deals with the pharmaceutics of unique and potent preparations. Tamra Yoga is an important Rasa Oushadi mentioned in Rasa Tantra Sara Va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha which contains Tamra Bhasma, Yashtimadhu, Chincha Kshara, Trikatu, Sauvarchala lavana and Hingu. Shodhana, Bhavana, Marana, Amrutikarana, Chincha Kshara nirmana and Churna nirmana are the main pharmaceutical procedures employed in the preparation of Tamra Yoga. To assess the toxicity, safety and to understand the structural and chemical composition, it was tested through various modern analytical parameters like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Particle size analysis (PSA), Zeta Potential (ZP), UV-Spectroscopy, Fourier transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR) and Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). XRD of Tamra Yoga shows major peaks of KCl (Potassium Chloride), CuS (Copper Sulphide) and minor peaks of HgS (Cinnabar), NaCl (Sodium Chloride), CaS (Calcium Sulphide) and ZnP4 (Zinc Phosphide), K2Fe2O4 (Potassium Iron Oxide). SEM micrographs showed an agglomeration of crystalline irregular sharped particles; EDS analysis confirmed the significant presence of elements viz. O-27.91%, S-21.83%, Cu-26.87% and Hg- 14.29%, K- 3.46%; Particle size was found to be 337.9nm and its Zeta Potential is -12.1mV. UV- Spectrum of Tamra Yoga showed maximum absorption at 307 nm; FT-IR analysis showed 11 peaks between the wavelengths 3356.21 - 418.34 cm-1 and ICP–OES analysis revealed Potassium as main constituent in 14376.50 ppm

RE-GRADE MODEL FOR LABEL BASED ICON SEARCH

An easy approach must be to attach the whole routing path in each and every packet. The publication within the approach is its message overhead may be large for packets with extended routing pathways. While using the routing route to each packet, many measurement and diagnostic approaches can conduct effective management and protocol optimizations for deployed WSNs made up of a great deal unwatched sensor nodes. own path features a novel an easy-weight hash function for verification within the deduced pathways. To be able to further boost the inference capacity along with execution efficiency, own path features a fast bootstrapping formula to rebuild the very first number of pathways. To really increase the risk for iterative boosting effective and efficient, two problems have to be addressed. The hash function ought to be lightweight and efficient enough since it should be focus on resource-restricted sensor nodes. While using the routing route to each packet, many measurement and diagnostic approaches can conduct effective management and protocol optimizations for deployed WSNs made up of a great deal unwatched sensor nodes. We implement own path and evaluate its performance using traces from large-scale WSN deployments additionally to extensive simulations. Results show own path achieves much greater renovation ratios under different network settings when compared with other condition-of-the-art approaches. When compared with PathZip, own path exploits high path similarity between multiple packets for fast inference, leading to far better scalability

Investigation of the Impact of Nose Radius on the Multiple Performance Characteristics

The present work is to study the effect or influence of the turning process variables on the multiple responses. Experiments are planned as per the L16 orthogonal array by taking the speed, feed, depth of cut and the nose radius as the process variables. The multiple responses of material removal rate and surface roughness are optimized concurrently using TOPSIS method. From the results, the optimal combination of process variables is found at speed of 2500 rpm, feed of 0.1 mm/rev, depth of cut of 1.2 mm and nose radius of 0.4 mm. ANOVA results noticed that the nose radius has the highest influence on the multiple response.

ANALYTICAL STANDARDIZATION OF RAJATA BHASMA

Bhasma Kalpana is a unique part of Ayurvedic Rasa shastra. It is a method of converting metals into metallic Bhasma. Metallic Bhasmas are well known for its quick effectiveness, smaller dose and a long shelf life. However if these Bhasmas are not well prepared and analyzed they can be toxic to human body. Therefore Bhasma Pariksha is given in Ayurveda to confirm the well prepared metallic Bhasma, but in this era we need to analyze the Bhasmas on modern parameters too to make it acceptable globally. So in this study prepared Rajata (Silver) Bhasma is analyzed on various parameters i.e. Ayuvedic parameters i.e., Varitaratwa, Rekhapurnatwa, Slakshantwa and Laghutwa and some modern parameters like, pH, Particle size, Zeta Potential, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra red Spectroscopy (FTIR), U V – Spectroscopy. Results: pH value is 5.6, UV- spectroscopy showed maximum absorption at 302nm, FT-IR of Rajata bhasma reveals the presence of C-H (alkyl), C-N (Aliphatic amine) groups at different wavelengths, Mean Particle size of Rajata bhasma is 2.7nm, Zeta Potential analysis reveals -19.3 mV, X-RD of Rajata bhasma reaveals the major peaks of HgS (Cinnabar), Ag2S (Silver Sulphide), SEM analysis of Rajata bhasma showed small crystalline particles at 5KX & 10KX magnifications, EDX analysis of Rajata bhasma confirmed the presence of elements viz., Sulphur 20.34%, Oxygen 7.43%, Silver 26.72%, Mercury 45.51% by weight

VALUE CHAIN MODEL FOR STEEL MANUFACTURING SECTOR: A CASE STUDY

ABSTRAC

Preference Number Based Taguchi-Utility Method for the Optimization of Multiple Responses

In the present study a multi-objective optimization approach called taguchi-utility method is employed to find the optimal process parameters in turning of AA7075 material. Cutting speed, feed and depth of cut were taken as the process parameters at three different levels. Taguchi’s standard L9 (3^3) orthogonal array has been followed for conducting the experiments. Utility method converts the multi-responses into a single equivalent response in terms of utility index. ANOVA is employed to find the contribution of the process parameters and it is found that depth of cut has the high influence on the overall utility index.

INSIGHT OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF VENTILAGO MADERASPATANA LEAVES ON HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY UNDER STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Objective: The methanolic leaf extract of Ventilago maderaspatana (MEVML, 200 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]) was investigate to hepatoprotective activity under streptozotocin-induced (45 mg/kg b.w.) diabetic (Di) rats. Methods: In the present study, we determined the blood glucose levels, b.w., insulin, creatinine, and bilirubin levels in normal, Di, Di treated with MEVML and positive control rats. Results: The Di rats shown adverse changes in blood glucose levels, b.w., insulin, creatinine, and bilirubin levels when compared to other group rats. Reverse the adverse changes in the above parameters when treated the Di rats with MEVML Conclusion: The MEVML shown anti-diabetic activity and reverse the adverse changes in the above parameters in liver so that the MEVML supported the traditional claim of the hepatoprotective activity under Di condition

Organic Farming: The New Success Mantra for Sustainable Agriculture

Organic farming avoids investment in costly chemicals and pesticides. Mrs Neerukonda Satyanarayana adopted organic farming from the year 2015-16. He attended various trainings organized by the Department of Agriculture and Krishi vigyan Kendra, Venkataramannagudem. After that he prepared 14 types of organic inputs, bio fertilizers, bio pesticides on his farm. Banana, Papaya, Vegetables (Brinjal, Tomato, chilli and Spine gourd) and Black gram crops were cultivated in 10 acres area by using the organic inputs. He got a net income of Rs.3 lakhs /ac from Vegetable cultivation. In the case of bananas, he got  1.5 lakhs /ac net income. For Black gram, Rs. 35000/ac net income, and for papaya, 1.5 lakhs