A Study on Clinical Profile of Preterm Neonates with Respiratory Distress

Preterm neonates commonly develop respiratory distress, requiring NICU admission especially among <34 weeks of gestation. The timely intervention by CPAP can significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity. CPAP is non invasive method to support spontaneously breathing babies, which is less expensive, easy to operate, requires less skilled staff, less injury than mechanical ventilator. Hence this study was conducted to know the outcome of bubble continuous positive airway pressure in the form of CPAP success and failure rate. A prospective study was conducted on preterm neonates with respiratory distress admitted to a tertiary care hospital. The study analysed the efficacy of B-CPAP therapy, considering various factors such as gestational age, birth weight, duration of CPAP, and length of hospital stay. Statistical data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and Epi Info software. Relevant inferential statistical tests like chi- square and t-test were used for better interpretation of the results. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In our study babies diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome were113(80.7%), birth asphyxia were 12 (8.6%) meconium aspiration were 14(10%) and only one congenital pneumonia case was present. Out of 140 preterm neonates treated with B-CPAP, 85% had a successful outcome, while 15% experienced failure

Clinical features of bacterial vaginosis in a murine model of vaginal infection with Gardnerella vaginalis.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a dysbiosis of the vaginal flora characterized by a shift from a Lactobacillus-dominant environment to a polymicrobial mixture including Actinobacteria and gram-negative bacilli. BV is a common vaginal condition in women and is associated with increased risk of sexually transmitted infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth. Gardnerella vaginalis is one of the most frequently isolated bacterial species in BV. However, there has been much debate in the literature concerning the contribution of G. vaginalis to the etiology of BV, since it is also present in a significant proportion of healthy women. Here we present a new murine vaginal infection model with a clinical isolate of G. vaginalis. Our data demonstrate that this model displays key features used clinically to diagnose BV, including the presence of sialidase activity and exfoliated epithelial cells with adherent bacteria (reminiscent of clue cells). G. vaginalis was capable of ascending uterine infection, which correlated with the degree of vaginal infection and level of vaginal sialidase activity. The host response to G. vaginalis infection was characterized by robust vaginal epithelial cell exfoliation in the absence of histological inflammation. Our analyses of clinical specimens from women with BV revealed a measureable epithelial exfoliation response compared to women with normal flora, a phenotype that, to our knowledge, is measured here for the first time. The results of this study demonstrate that G. vaginalis is sufficient to cause BV phenotypes and suggest that this organism may contribute to BV etiology and associated complications. This is the first time vaginal infection by a BV associated bacterium in an animal has been shown to parallel the human disease with regard to clinical diagnostic features. Future studies with this model should facilitate investigation of important questions regarding BV etiology, pathogenesis and associated complications