No. 01 November, 2020

1. Approximately one-half of the students enrolled in a rural dropout-recovery school had experienced child maltreatment, which is generally higher than comparable national estimates. 2. Nearly 90% of these students had experienced household challenges (e.g., parental separation, incarceration, mental illness, and family violence), a percentage that is several times higher than national estimates. 3. Over 70% of students were exposed to three or more Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs), a percentage that far exceeds national estimates. 4. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to contain it present serious mental and behavioral health challenges for at-risk youths such as those in the current sample

The Impact of Morality on Likelihood to Conform

Everyone has a moral code, but the urge to conform can be powerful in social situations. Little research has been conducted on conformity and morality, though previous studies suggest a link between religious beliefs and submissiveness (Saroglou et al., 2009). The current experiment was designed to test the effects of morality on conformity. Participants will consist of male and female students enrolled in psychology courses at Franklin College. All groups will be given Aquino and Reed\u27s Moral Identity Scale (MIS; 2002) with distractor items. The experimental group will be told that they are taking a survey about their level of morality. The experimenters will refrain from priming the control group to think about their morals. The participants will be asked to answer basic questions aloud, but one participant will have a different question than the rest of the group. Conformity will be measured by whether that participant changes his or her answer to match the group. The researchers hypothesize that individuals primed to think about their morality and who are highly moral according to the MIS will be less likely to conform, while individuals not primed and deemed to have lower morals will be more likely to conform. The results of this study will shed light on the effects of morality on conformity, which is important because many adults seem to believe they would stick to their beliefs even in the face of conflict

A Low Voltage Tunable Analog Phase Shifter Utilizing Ferroelectric Varactors

A distributed transmission line phase shifter was implemented by periodically loading a coplanar transmission line using ferroelectric varactors in a shunt configuration. A single dc bias applied to the phase shifter circuit provides a large relative phase shift. A relative phase shift of ∼ 305 degrees was obtained at 20 GHz for a dc bias of only 5 V

A New Ferroelectric Varactor Shunt Switch for Microwave and Millimeterwave Reconfigurable Circuits

This paper presents a ferroelectric varactor shunt switch which can be useful for microwave/millimeterwave switching as well as for the design of reconfigurable circuits. The device operation is based on nonlinear dielectric tunability of a ferroelectric thin-film sandwiched between two metal layers in the parallel plate configuration. A CPW based design allows for MMIC compatible shunt switches with low insertion loss and high isolation. Experimental performance of the varactor shunt switch indicates good switching performance with ~24 dB isolation @41 GHz, and insertion loss below 7 dB up to 45 GHz

1542. The Evaluation of the In Vitro Synergy of Colistin in Combination with Meropenem and Tigecycline against 50 Multi-Drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains

Abstract Background Acinetobacter baumannii possess inherent and acquired antibiotic resistance mechanisms that have rendered most antibiotics, including carbapenems, inactive. Colistin (COL) has risen as salvage therapy against these organisms due to its retained activity against A. baumannii. However, COL monotherapy is often met with suboptimal outcomes. Recently, combination therapy with COL and meropenem (MEM) or tigecycline (TGC) has been shown to be effective in eradicating multi-drug-resistant A. baumannii infections. The objective of this study was to further evaluate the efficacy of COL in combination with MEM or TGC against 50 multi-drug-resistant A. baumannii strains. Methods Fifty carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains were evaluated using combination minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing and time-kill analysis (TKA). Single-drug MIC testing was performed for each strain by broth microdilution. Combination MIC testing was performed for COL+MEM and COL+TGC. Each strain was evaluated via 24-hour TKA to assess the synergistic capabilities of COL+MEM, and COL+TGC. Synergy was defined as a ≥ 2-log reduction CFU/mL in either combination from the most active single agent, while bactericidal activity was defined as a ≥ 3-log reduction CFU/mL of either combination from the initial inoculum. Results All 50 strains were resistant to MEM and TGC with MICs ≥ 64 µg/mL and ≥ 4 µg/mL respectively; while 3 strains were resistant to COL, MICs ≥ 2 µg/mL. MEM and TGC MIC values were reduced as much as 128-fold (median 2-fold) and 32-fold (median 2-fold),, respectively, in the presence of subinhibitory COL. COL MIC values were reduced as much as 512-fold (median 4-fold) from baseline in the presence of subinhibitory MEM, and as high as 16-fold (median 2-fold) in the presence of TGC. In TKAs, COL+MEM was synergistic in 45/50 (90%) strains and bactericidal against 43/50 (86%) strains. COL+TGC TKAs revealed synergy in 32/50 (64%) strains, and bactericidal activity against 28/50 (56%) strains. Conclusion The combinations of COL+MEM and COL+TGC demonstrate promise in combating highly resistant A. baumannii. Further research is mandated to explore other combinations that are capable of eradicating multi-drug-resistant A. baumannii. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures. </jats:sec

1297. In-Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Cefiderocol (S-649266) Alone and With the Addition of Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors Against Multidrug-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>

Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii continue to pose a serious public health threat. Cefiderocol (CFDC) is a new parental siderophore cephalosporin that has displayed potent activity against Gram-negative bacteria, more specifically non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, including A. baumannii. Although uncommon, elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to CFDC have been reported, when tested against A. baumannii isolates, in-vitro. The addition of beta-lactamase inhibitors has been shown to be successful in decreasing elevated CFDC MICs. The evaluation of sulbactam (SUL), tazobactam (TAZO), or clavulanic acid (CLAV) in addition to CFDC against A. baumannii isolates with elevated CFDC MICs, has yet to be reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of several beta-lactamase inhibitors in combination with CFDC against A. baumannii strains with high CFDC MICs. Methods One hundred and fifty carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains were selected from the Anti-infective Research Laboratory. MIC susceptibility testing was performed for all of the strains via broth microdilution (BMD). Seven strains that exhibited elevated CFDC MICs,16-32 mg/L, were assessed via BMD, with the addition of the following beta-lactamase inhibitors: TAZO, SUL, AVI, and CLAV to CFDC. All in-vitro testing for CFDC was completed with the use of iron-depleted cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth to ensure the induction of bacterial iron transporters per manufacturer standards. Results A decline in elevated CFDC MIC values was observed in six of the seven A. baumannii strains, with the addition of each beta-lactamase inhibitor. AVI showed the most potent activity when added to CFDC, with an average 28- fold reduction in MIC values observed. SUL and CLAV produced similar fold reductions in the MIC values with an average 20-fold reduction observed with the addition of either agent to FDC. The addition of TAZO to CFDC also presented with a decline in MIC values, with an average 7-fold-reduction observed. Cefiderocol (CFDC) strains with MICs of 16-32 mg/l plus Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors Conclusion The addition of several beta-lactamase inhibitors to CFDC has shown promise in decreasing elevated CFDC MICs. Further research is warranted to determine the role of BLIs on CFDC activity. Disclosures Michael J. Rybak, PharmD, MPH, PhD, Paratek (Grant/Research Support) </jats:sec

<i>In Vitro</i> Antibacterial Activity of Cefiderocol against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Cefiderocol (CFDC), a novel siderophore cephalosporin, demonstrates strong activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii . Limited studies have evaluated CFDC alone and in combination with other Gram-negative antibiotics against MDR A. baumannii isolates. </jats:p