GABA mediated response of aqueous, ethanol andethyl acetate extracts of Dicranopteris linearis leaf inSwiss Albino mice

Introduction: The objective of the study was to assess the potential of the leaf of Dicranopteris linearis in altering the CNS functions with three different extracts; aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate.Methods: To evaluate and compare the activities Morris maze, elevated plus maze (EPM),open field, hole cross and head dip tests were performed and many behavioral parameters wereobserved. The forced swim in Morris water maze analyzed the depression of rodents in termsof inability to self-rescue. Alongside, hole cross and open field tests assessed the inhibition oflocomotor activities. Moreover, EPM test screened the anxiolytic potential while the head dippinghole board test supported the previous experiments by evaluating both sedative, depressive andanxiolytic potentials of the extracts.Results: The results showed that the ethanol extract significantly suppressed CNS activity byreducing number of locomotor activities and increasing the stability phase (in EPM and Morrismaze) supporting mild sedation, depression and anxiolysis. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extractalso possessed moderate to high potential in reducing locomotor activities depending on gradientdoses. Results were compared with control group and found statistically significant.Conclusion: As this plant mimic the activity of a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist, itcan be concluded that the plant may have GABA mediated involvement in central nervous system.However, the responsible compounds for these activities are yet to be investigated and this maypotentiate a new source of drug development

Synthesis and Characterization of New Polymer from Bisacodyl A

A new series polymers was synthesized from reaction starting material Bisacodyl A or [(2-Pyridinylmethylene) di-4, 1-phenylene di acetate] with hydrogen bromide, then the products were polymerized by addition polymerization from used adipoyl and glutaroyl chloride. The structure of these compounds was characterized by FT-IR, melting points, TLC, X-Ray, DSC and 1H-NMR for starting material. These compounds were also screened for their antibacterial activists

Synthesis Development and Molecular Docking Study of New Azo Chalcone Derivatives

This work is divided into two main parts. The first part involves the synthesis of new azo chalcone compounds through a two-step process. Initially, azo compounds are synthesized by diazotizing 3-nitroaniline, followed by a coupling reaction with 4-hydroxyacetophenone, which has a terminal ketone group. Subsequently, the resulting product undergoes a Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction with various aromatic aldehyde substrates to produce new α, β-unsaturated ketones, known as azo chalcone compounds. The successful synthesis of these compounds is confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹HNMR, and ¹³C NMR spectral analyses. The second part of this study explores the theoretical biological activity of the synthesized compounds against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 through molecular docking studies. The results indicate potential antiviral properties for each compound, with compounds B5 and B8 exhibiting the most promising results. These compounds achieved higher docking scores (ΔG −6.235 kcal/mol and −5.832 kcal/mol, respectively) and each formed four hydrogen bonds with the target protein

The control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive based on the space vector pulse width modulation and fractional order PID controller

This study explains a new way to speed control for PMSMs based on the FOC and SVPWM techniques employed in the building of the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). When it comes to current control, two inner and one outside feedback loops were used. Feedback control with FOPID controllers is used to optimize the performance of PMSM motor design. FOPID parameters were optimized using genetic algorithms in MATLAB/Simulink simulations. Good dynamic and static qualities are demonstrated through simulation results. There is also a comparison of PMSM PID and FOPID controllers included

Emerging Development of Wireless Localization Technologies Aided with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: A Comprehensive Survey

Wireless localization technologies have undergone a paradigm shift with the advent of the emerging trend which is the Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs). This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art RIS-aided localization techniques, exploring the transformative impact of intelligent surfaces on location-based services. The survey comprehensively reviews existing wireless localization methods, ranging from the localization techniques in the wireless communications generations. It addition the challenges posed by conventional localization methods are discussed, including accuracy and coverage issues. In response to these challenges, the incorporation of RIS is explored as a promising paradigm to enhance the precision and reliability of wireless localization. The core of the paper focuses on the integration of RIS into localization systems, highlighting how these RISs can be strategically deployed to enhance accuracy, mitigate multipath effects, integration in different propagation environment and solve non feasible localization problems. The survey encompasses a wide range of applications, including outdoor positioning, indoor positioning, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, showcasing the versatility of RIS-aided localization across various scenarios. Also, critical design aspects are examined, including propagation regions, hardware requirements, deployment strategies, necessary measurements, multiplexing, and signalling systems

Suitability of the Carbonate Rocks of the Bekhme Formation Exposed in Shakrook Anticline, Iraqi Kurdistan region, for Cement Industry

The Bekhme Formation forms almost the bulk of the Shakrook anticline, especially the limbs. The current research deals with studying the exposed beds within the Bekhme Formation at the Shakrook anticline to check the suitability of the exposed rocks at the northeastern limb of the anticline for the cement industry. Twenty rock samples from a section which lies along a deeply cut valley that crosses the northeastern limb of the Shakrook anticline within the Bekhme Formation were collected. The channel sampling method was applied; therefore, each sample represents the concerned sampling interval and to be representative for the thickness of the sampled interval. The total thickness of the sampled section is 110 m with a covered interval of 15 m, totaling to 125 m. The collected 20 samples were prepared at the laboratory of the Koya University and were subjected to XRF test at the Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, to indicate the concentration of the main oxides (CaO, MgO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O, and SO3), and Cl and L.O.I. The indicated concentrations at each sample, from both universities, were compared and were found to be almost coinciding. The average concentrations at each sample were changed to weighted averages and the results were compared with the Iraqi standards for cement industry. The results revealed that the sampled rocks are excellent for cement production

The new distribution (Topp Leone Marshall Olkin-Weibull) properties with an application

The few standard probability distributions available are insufficient for modelling naturally occurring events. Most especially, normal distribution is not ideal for modelling asymmetrical data. Generalizing a new distribution is an important area in probability theory.  It is known that we can improve the performance of the distributions by adding a new parameter. So, in this paper, we introduce Topp Leone Marshall Olkin-Weibull distribution as new method with four parameters based on recently proposed family (Topp Leone Marshall-Olkin of distributions). Accordingly, mathematical properties such as quantile function, moments generating functions, entropy, and order statistics have been investigated. The estimation of four parameters by maximum likelihood method was implemented. Application for real data based on the proposed method can be employed to show the best fitting as compared with the other models.&nbsp