A Nemzetiszocialista Tanár Szövetség működése München - Felső-Bajorországban a hatalomátvétel után, 1933-1937

The situation and duties of German public-school teachers changed drastically after the period of national socialist takeover. They became more important for the state since the new ideology relied more on elementary schools, folk customs, and sports compared to the Republic and Empire before it. Knowledge and culture took a back seat, and physical education and instilling a sense of community became the focus of early education. It was the job of elementary school teachers to introduce these changes to society by raising the new national socialist generation in this spirit. To achieve this the regime first had to win over and retrain the teachers to be able to do their job effectively and in accordance with the ideology. The question is how the teachers reacted to this effort? What social and economic problems they had to face, and to what extent these problems could move them towards national socialist beliefs? What was their relationship like with the state? What kinds of organisations they had? This study aims to find the answer to these questions within the theoretical framework of professionalization by examining how the National Socialist Teachers League operated. The Munich City Archive was the primary source for this research, which granted insight into the local operations of the National Socialist Teachers League, and through that the changes in the teachers’ everyday lives

Incorporating Social-Technical Systems Methodology into a Large Scale IS Change Initiative at a Fortune 100 Organization: A Case Study

The purpose of this study is to investigate a large scale information systems change initiative at a Fortune 100 company. This study focuses on how Black Chemical Company (BCC) successfully implemented an information systems change across its global organization. Socio-technical systems methodology was used as an overlay to predict and explain the outcomes of the information systems change initiative that BCC carried out. Results show that the technological change implemented at BCC was successful due to the change methodology. This study aims to show the relationship between BCC\u27s change methodology and socio-technical systems methodology, leaderships\u27 effect on the implementation of the MIS, employees\u27 relationships within and outside BCC, and the implementation strategy of the implementation methodology. A model of Social-Technical Systems Methodology (STSM) will be shared along with the need to incorporate STSM into future MIS implementation strategies

AVOIDING PROJECT DELAY: OVERCOMING THE APOLLO SYNDROME IN VIRTUAL IS TEAMS

virtual IS teams are rapidly growing due to the changing nature of organizations to meet decreased travel budgets, a globalized economic recession, and the ever-increasing costs to travel (Ubell, 2010). These virtual IS teams are dynamic in nature and are usually constructed for a specific project or task-focused group, based on collaborative principles and use state-of-the-art technology communication to support collaboration (Rabotin, 2014). By nature, virtual IS teams are faced with several challenges to overcome for success: distance, time, technology, culture, trust, and leadership (Robbins, 1995). The Apollo Syndrome is a phenomenon where teams of highly capable and intelligent individuals may collectively perform poorly due to their inability to make decisions to develop a solution to solve the problem or work collaboratively (Belbin, 2010). The absence of a highly dominant individual or a specific leadership style may lead to team failure. Students in a higher education online learning environment enrolled in a management information systems course had the opportunity to develop and strengthen their virtual IS team skills to become effective workers in the 21st century workplace. This study addresses challenges inherent in virtual IS teams and provides strategies for effectively managing work processes; designing a collaborative environment; creating accountability and commitment to shared goals and values; and developing cohesive team synergy to alleviate the Apollo Syndrome in virtual IS teams

Transitioning from Waterfall to Agile: Shifting Student Thinking and Doing from Milestones to Sprints

Delivering an information system is the project in most MIS capstone courses. Students use a methodology to accomplish their project. According to Dima and Maassen (2018), Waterfall and Agile design methodologies are the two main models for software development. Waterfall follows a sequential set of milestones that leads from concept to implementation. The process does not move to the next step until the current step is complete (Kasser, 2002; Balaji & Murugaiyan, 2012; Mahalakshmi & Sundararajan, 2013). According to Lu and DeClue (2011) agile methodologies are lightweight, short cycled, less wasteful, and focus more on the human aspect in software development (p. 295). Agile methodologies are cyclic and iterative rather than focused on completing individual milestones. By nature, an academic course is set up to assess assignments. Most MIS courses that use a design methodology usually use the Waterfall methodology. While Waterfall consists of several milestones making it easier to assess, agile also lends itself to being assessed as well. Allowing students the opportunity to use the agile methodology while developing an information system provides an experience and skillset that they can use to market themselves when seeking employment (Lu & DeClue, 2011). Focusing on the instructional techniques of using agile in the classroom and providing students the opportunity to practice agile on their capstone project is looked at for best practices. This study addresses challenges inherent in developing a structure to assist students in using agile as the design methodology for an MIS capstone course. Through SCRUM activities, students have the opportunity to shift their thinking from a milestone mentality to a sprint mentality. This shift allows them to learn the differences between a Waterfall design methodology and an iterative cyclical methodology when developing an information system for an organization. This experience is beneficial by providing them two lenses to look through when developing an information system

Trade finance in historical perspective: The role of German banks in the rise of Germany as international trade power, 1875-1913

Mención Internacional en el título de doctorPrograma Oficial de Doctorado en Historia EconómicaPresidente: Christopher Michael Meissner; Secretario: Juan H. Flores Zendejas; Vocal: Carsten Burho

Exhaled nitric oxide during infancy as a risk factor for asthma and airway hyperreactivity

Childhood asthma is often characterised by elevated exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), decreased lung function, increased airway reactivity and atopy; however, our understanding of when these phenotypic airway characteristics develop remains unclear. This study evaluated whether eNO, lung function, airway reactivity and immune characteristics during infancy are risk factors of asthma at age 5 years. Infants with eczema, enrolled prior to wheezy illness (n=116), had eNO, spirometry, airway reactivity and allergen sensitisation assessed at entry to the study and repeated at age 5 years (n=90). Increasing eNO at entry was associated with an increased risk of asthma (p=0.037) and increasing airway reactivity (p=0.015) at age 5 years. Children with asthma at 5 years of age had a greater increase in eNO between infancy and age 5 years compared with those without asthma (p=0.002). Egg sensitisation at entry was also associated with an increased risk of asthma (p=0.020), increasing eNO (p = 0.002) and lower forced expiratory flows (p=0.029) as a 5 year-old. Our findings suggest that, among infants at high risk for developing asthma, eNO early in life may provide important insights into the subsequent risk of asthma and its airway characteristics

Homeobox A10: Regulator of Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Survival

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the lowest incidence rates among all major cancers, yet it is disproportionally responsible for 8% of all cancer deaths. This high death rate is primarily attributed to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and a lack of clinically relevant molecular targets. However, the underlying biology responsible for these poor outcomes remains obscure. To facilitate improved management of PDAC, an in-depth understanding of the molecular player(s) involved in PDAC aggressiveness is needed. Therefore, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of PDAC patients with long- and short-term survival and performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), identifying a novel short-surviving prognostic subtype driven by master regulator HOXA10. Pathway analyses highlighted the involvement of the HOXA10 signature in immune suppression, cell cycle regulation, and enhanced tumorigenesis. CIBERSORT immune profiling of the HOXA10-associated prognostic genes further demonstrated a significant correlation with immunosuppressive T cells and macrophages, suggesting that they may play a role in the telltale picture of immunosuppression in the PDAC microenvironment. Notably, differential expression of HOXA10 and its associated signature was observed in clinical tissues of long- and short-surviving PDAC patients. We have also demonstrated a positive relationship between HOXA10 expression and disease progression, with a trend of enhanced expression in high-grade compared to low-grade PanIN lesions, and in 20- and 25-week LSL-KrasG12D/+;LSL-Trp53R172H/+;Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) tumors compared to 5 weeks. Further, live-cell analysis of Hoxa10 knockdown cells suggested a decrease in their proliferation with concurrent enhancement of apoptosis as compared to the control. Interestingly, our bioluminescence measurements using IVIS imaging demonstrated a substantial delay in orthotopic tumor growth in doxycycline-treated Hoxa10 knockdown tumor-bearing mice compared to the control group. A considerable reduction in the tumor weight was also observed. Additionally, mice harboring Hoxa10 knockdown tumors survived longer. They demonstrated decreased levels of immunosuppressive cell types compared to mice bearing the control tumors, corroborating our findings and indicating an association between the HOXA10 signature and poor patient survival. These findings altogether point towards a potential role of HOXA10 in PDAC tumorigenesis and lethality. Specifically, HOXA10 may contribute to tumor burden through the enrichment of immunosuppressive phenotypes, resulting in the poor survival of PDAC patients

Privacy Protective Responses on Social Media: A Replication and Extension

Past research (Drake et al. 2016) has found that a job candidate\u27s beliefs about the perceived morality of requesting social media logins during a job interview and the perceived moral intensity of that request impacted his or her intended information privacy protective responses (Son and Kim 2008). However, legal doctrine suggests that there are four common types of invasion of privacy issues 1) intrusion of solitude, 2) appropriation of name or likeness, 3) public disclosure of private facts, and 4) false light (Prosser 1978). Only the intrusion of solitude was captured in the original research. In this research, we propose to replicate the original research and extend it to different types of invasion of privacy on social media. Using traditional ethical decision-making models (Jones 1991), this research will explore how moral intensity impacts recognition of a moral issue, judgment of the moral issue, and the intended responses, for each of the four types of invasion of privacy issues. To accomplish, we will start by testing new vignettes in each type of privacy invasion issue to determine 1) if the vignette is understandable and plausible, 2) if it accurately captures the legal and privacy issues, and 3) if it elicits a strong moral reaction. Next, we will use an online survey-based data collection, adopting the new vignettes, using identical survey items as the original research, and targeting a general population. We will analyze the data using an SEM based statistical techniques, applying traditional means of assessing construct validity. We hope to find different patterns for protecting privacy on social media based on the type of invasion of privacy. Such findings can help social media companies better construct policies that address such issues, either before they occur or after a breach is discovered. and help third parties interact with customers on social media more appropriately

Foreign banks and the London money market during the first globalisation

This study examines the relationship between the London Money Market (LMM) and the credit provision of non-British overseas banks during the first wave of globalisation. Using monthly data between 1889 and 1913, we find a positive relationship between the amount of credit authorised by the German Brasilianische Bank für Deutschland in Brazil and the spread between the London market and floating rate. Our results suggest that an increase in demand for foreign bills and/or a decrease in borrowing costs in the LMM leads to an increase in credit supply. We use the impact of annual tax payments on the spread between market and floating rate as an instrumental variable (IV) to show that this relationship is causal. Although there is a significant amount of literature on London's historic role as a global financial centre and a growing number of studies on foreign banking history, little quantitative evidence is available about the connection between the two. This study bridges this gap

Cryogenic Fuel Applications to Sustainable Commercial Aircraft

Finding a source of clean and renewable energy is one of the greatest challenges humanity will face in the 21st century. With populations expanding, developing countries increasing their use of resources, and the rapid and alarming effects of climate change, a shift to a sustainable future is an existential prospect. The goal of our project is to take the first steps toward getting safety procedures and lab space established, so mechanical engineering senior projects can quickly begin to experiment with cryogenic fuels. They will explore the application of cryogenic fuels to commercial aviation