The Phenomenon of international new ventures, global start-ups, and born-globals : what do we know after a decade (1993-2002) of exhaustive scientific inquiry?

In this paper, 27 studies from the last decade which deal more or less explicitly with the International New Venture, global start-up or born-global phenomenon are first identified, and then fully examined and critically assessed as a basis for obtaining an adequate view of the state-of-the-art of this increasingly important research avenue in the field of International Entrepreneurship (IE). The methodology used for this synthetic review allow us to analyze a number of recent, purposefully-chosen studies that are systematically compared along the following criteria: 1) main objective and type of research; 2) theoretical framework/s of reference, 3) methodological issues, and 4) main findings and/or conclusions. As a result of this literature review, a critical assessment follows in which the most relevant benefits and contributions as well as potential drawbacks, limitations or major discrepancies in the research activities conducted so far are discussed. Finally, some suggestions and implications are provided in the form of future research directions

Foreword: Law of the Sea Negotiations 1971-1972

This issue contains timely and relevant articles on each of these important subjects - three articles relating to the seabed question, two on fisheries management problems, and one on pollution. In addition to the student contributions in the synopsis of recent developments in the law of the seas, student comments are also directed to three significant aspects of law of the sea issues, viz., the interests of land-locked states, the question of baselines for outlying archipelagos, and marine archaeology

The Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act-A Negative View

In opposition to Professor Laylin, this Article questions whether the United States should take unilateral action or attempt to secure an international agreement during the Third United Nations Conference. This Article contends that the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act is inconsistent with the United States\u27 present ocean policy, will have an adverse effect on current law of the sea negotiations, and contravenes international expectations as evidenced by the resolutions of the United Nations\u27 General Assembly. Because the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act does not adequately serve the U.S.\u27s resource management interests, this Article concludes that an international approach should be taken towards the mining of deep seabed resources

The Draft United Nations Conventions on the International Seabed Area: Background, Description, and Some Preliminary Thoughts

This Article covers relevant aspects of marine geology and marine resources law, a short history of seabed questions, the Draft Convention, and Nixon\u27s statements in 1970. Part III of the articles summarizes provisions of the Draft Commission and makes some comments

Introduction

In this introduction, H. Gary Knight reflects on the coverage of the seabed question by the nine previous issues of the San Diego Law Review\u27s Law of the Sea series. The introduction then introduces the two articles in this issue that pertain to the seabed question, as well the other two lead articles that deal with fisheries and pollution

Granular packings with moving side walls

The effects of movement of the side walls of a confined granular packing are studied by discrete element, molecular dynamics simulations. The dynamical evolution of the stress is studied as a function of wall movement both in the direction of gravity as well as opposite to it. For all wall velocities explored, the stress in the final state of the system after wall movement is fundamentally different from the original state obtained by pouring particles into the container and letting them settle under the influence of gravity. The original packing possesses a hydrostatic-like region at the top of the container which crosses over to a depth-independent stress. As the walls are moved in the direction opposite to gravity, the saturation stress first reaches a minimum value independent of the wall velocity, then increases to a steady-state value dependent on the wall-velocity. After wall movement ceases and the packing reaches equilibrium, the stress profile fits the classic Janssen form for high wall velocities, while it has some deviations for low wall velocities. The wall movement greatly increases the number of particle-wall and particle-particle forces at the Coulomb criterion. Varying the wall velocity has only small effects on the particle structure of the final packing so long as the walls travel a similar distance.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, some figures in colo