Biodegradation and detoxification of textile azo dyes by bacterial consortium under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes

Release of textile azo dyes to the environment is an issue of health concern while the use of microorganisms has proved to be the best option for remediation. Thus, in the present study, a bacterial consortium consisting of Providencia rettgeri strain HSL1 and Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 has been investigated for degradation and detoxification of structurally different azo dyes. The consortium showed 98-99 % decolorization of all the selected azo dyes viz. Reac-tive Black 5 (RB 5), Reactive Orange 16 (RO 16), Disperse Red 78 (DR 78) and Direct Red 81 (DR 81) within 12 to 30 h at 100 mg L-1 concentration at 30 ± 0.2 °C under microaero-philic, sequential aerobic/microaerophilic and microaerophilic/aerobic processes. However, decolorization under microaerophilic conditions viz. RB 5 (0.26 mM), RO 16 (0.18 mM), DR 78 (0.20 mM) and DR 81 (0.23 mM) and sequential aerobic/microaerophilic processes viz. RB 5 (0.08 mM), RO 16 (0.06 mM), DR 78 (0.07 mM) and DR 81 (0.09 mM) resulted into the formation of aromatic amines. In distinction, sequential microaerophilic/ aerobic process doesn’t show the formation of amines. Additionally, 62-72 % reduction in total organic carbon content was observed in all the dyes decolorized broths under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes suggesting the efficacy of method in mineralization of dyes. Notable induction within the levels of azoreductase and NADH-DCIP reductase (97 and 229 % for RB 5, 55 and 160 % for RO 16, 63 and 196 % for DR 78, 108 and 258 % for DR 81) observed under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes suggested their critical involvements in the initial breakdown of azo bonds, whereas, a slight increase in the levels of laccase and veratryl alcohol oxidase confirmed subsequent oxidation of formed amines. Also, the acute toxicity assay with Daphnia magna revealed the nontoxic nature of the dye-degraded metabolites under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes. As biodegradation under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic process completely detoxified all the selected textile azo dyes, further efforts should be made to implement such methods for large scale dye wastewater treatment technologies

Random Forest Classifier For Crop Prediction Based On Soil Data

  Agricultural development is crucial to feed the growing population. Most farmers tend to cultivate the crops which will give the more economical benefits besides checking the suitability of the crop according to the soil conditions. Use of technology in the agricultural sector leads the sustainable improvements in the agricultural production. Machine learning approach to suggest the suitable crop based on the soil parameters can help the farmers to cultivate the crops accordingly and can produce more yield. In this paper Random Forest Classifier is used to train the Machine Learning model on soil dataset using Python. Model performance is evaluated using confusion matrix and classification report having precision, recall and F1 score. Model accuracy achieved is 99% without parameter tuning. &nbsp

Estimation of local confidence limit for 6 MV photon beam IMRT system using AAPM TG 119 test protocol

Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate local confidence limit for 6 MV photon beam based intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using TG119 test protocol.Methods: The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 119 (TG119) prescribed a protocol to evaluate overall accuracy of IMRT system rather than independent uncertainty in dose calculation, dose delivery and measurement system. Two preliminary and five clinical test cases were created based on dose prescriptions and planning objectives given by TG119 report. Verification plans were created in a planning slab phantom, 2D Matrix dosimetry system (I’MatriXX) with multicube phantom and aS-1000 electronic portal imaging device (EPID). Radiation absorbed doses to high dose points in the planning target volume (PTV) region and low dose points in avoidance structures were measured using CC13 ionization chamber having sensitive volume of 0.13 cm3. The measured and planned doses were normalized with respect to their prescription doses and intercompared. The gamma analysis was carried out for both I’MatriXX and EPID, adopting the acceptance criteria of 3% DD (dose difference) and 3 mm DTA (distance to agreement) with 10% threshold dose.Results: For the point dose measurements with ion chamber, the average dose difference ratio in high dose low gradient PTV region was -0.0133 ± 0.012 corresponding to a confidence limit of 0.037. The average dose difference in low dose region (avoidance structure) was -0.00004 ± 0.010 corresponding to a confidence limit of 0.021. The average percentage of points passing the gamma criteria of 3% DD and 3 mm DTA for composite planar dose distribution measured by I’MatriXX was 99.47 ± 0.43 which corresponds to a confidence limit of 1.38 (i.e. 98.62% passing). Similarly, the average percentage of points passing the gamma criteria of 3% DD and 3 mm DTA for per-field dose distribution measured by EPID was 98.00 ± 2.49 which corresponds to a confidence limit of 6.87.Conclusion: Our results were well within action level given by AAPM TG119 report through multi-institutional study providing us adequate confidence in delivering IMRT treatment

Clinical effect of Suvarna Bindu Prashan

The quest for excellence in mental and physical health is not new. We find various references and formulations in Ayurvedic classics meant for promoting mental and physical health of a child. Suvarna Prashan is one of the formulations explained in age old Ayurvedic classic Kashyap Samhita. This formulation is very widely used now days as a memory and immune booster for children. But there is very little systematic documented study which can be used to evaluate the efficacy of the formulation. Suvarna Bhasma was prepared in Ayurved Rasayani Pharmacy, Pune. Madhu and Ghrita were collected from KLE Ayurveda Pharmacy, Belgaum. Suvarna Bindu Prashan was prepared in KLE Ayurved pharmacy, Belgaum. It contains Suvarna Bhasma, Ghrita and Madhu. Twenty apparently healthy male and female children with age group of three to four years were ready to sign inform consent form were selected into two groups each. Subjects in Group A received Suvarna Bindu Prashan where as Group B (Control group) did not receive any treatment. Both the groups were observed for six months. Children in Suvarna Bindu Prashan group showed significant reduction in the scores of eating habits, behavior, mood, temperament and scores of event of illness. However there was no significant difference in the score of sleeping habit. There was significant increase in IQ percentage

Simple and Naïve Techniques for Backdoor Elimination in RCA

World is rapidly going to be digitalized and security is major challenge in digital world. Digital data should be protected against bad natured users. Number of system has come up with different solutions, some of them adopting response computation authentication. In Response Computation Authentication System, system calculates users response and if it matches with system expected value then system authenticates user. Response computation system authenticates user independently. In RCA bad natured developer have plant backdoor to avoid regular authentication procedure. Developer can add some delicate vulnerability in source code or can use some insufficient cryptographic algorithm to plant backdoor. Because of insufficient cryptographic algorithm it is very difficult to detect and eliminate backdoor in RCA. Here proposed system provides solution to check whether any system contain any backdoor or not? Login module is divided into number of components and component having simple logic are checked by code review and component which contains cryptography are sandboxed. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150613

Late Semantic Fusion Approach for the Retrieval of Multimedia Data

In Multimedia information retrieval late semantic fusion is used to combine textual pre-filtering with an image re-ranking. Three steps are used for retrieval processes. Visual and textual techniques are combined to help the developed Multimedia Information Retrieval System to minimize the semantic gap for given query. In the paper, different late semantic fusion approaches i.e. Product, Enrich, MaxMerge and FilterN are used and for experiments publicly available ImageCLEF Wikipedia Collection is used. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150610

A survey on Response Computaion Authentication techniques.

as we know the problems regarding data and system security are challenging and taking attraction of researchers. Although there are many techniques available which offers protection to systems there is no single Method which can provide full protection. As we know to provide security to system authentication in login system is main issue for developers. Response Computable Authentication is two way methods which are used by number of authentication system where an authentication system independently calculates the expected user response and authenticates a user if the actual user response matches the expected value. But such authentication system have been scare by malicious developer who can bypass normal authentication by covering logic in source code or using weak cryptography. This paper mainly focuses on RCA system to make sure that authentication system will not be influenced by backdoors. In this paper our main goal is to take review of different methods, approaches and techniques used for Response Computation Authentication

Multimedia Retrieval: Survey Of Methods And Approaches

As we know there are numbers of applications present where multimedia retrieval is used and also numbers of sources are present. So accuracy is the major issue in retrieval process. There are number of techniques and datasets available to retrieve information. Some techniques uses only text-based image retrieval (TBIR), some uses content-based image retrieval (CBIR) while some are using combination of both. In this paper we are focusing on both TBIR and CBIR results and then fusing these two results. For fusing we are using late fusion. TBIR captures conceptual meaning while CBIR used to avoid false results. So final results are more accurate. In this paper our main goal is to take review of different methods and approaches used for Multimedia Retrieval

Rhodomycin analogues from Streptomyces purpurascens: isolation, characterization and biological activities

During a screening program for bioactive natural products, a potential Streptomyces sp was isolated from soil. On the basis of biochemical, cultural, physiological and 16S rRNA gene analysis, it was identified as Streptomyces purpurascens. The isolate was grown in liquid medium and the crude antibiotic complex was obtained by ethyl acetate extraction. Seven purified fractions were obtained by preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Acid hydrolysis of each fraction and subsequent TLC led to the identification of aglycones and sugars indicating these compounds to be Rhodomycin and its analogues. The identity of these compounds was established on the basis of UV-visible and FT-IR spectra and comparison with published data. The compounds were active against Gram-positive bacteria. Compound E, identified as Rhodomycin B, was found to be the most potent compound with an MIC of 2 μg/ml against Bacillus subtilis. Compounds A and F identified as α(2)-Rhodomycin II and Obelmycin respectively, and Compound E exhibited an IC(50) of 8.8 μg/ml against HeLa cell line but no cytotoxicity was found against L929. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-93) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Sustainable Fabrication of TiO₂ Nanoparticles: For Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Photocatalytic Efficiency

Kaas plateau isolated Bacillus halodurans bacteria used for synthesis of TiO2 NPs. The NPs show maximum absorbance at 384 nm. The functional groups of biomolecules play significant role in capping and stabilization of NPs. XRD indicates pure anatase tetragonal crystal nature of NPs. TEM show spherical morphology of TiO2 material having mean diameter 33 nm. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) indicates a large specific surface area 13.0665 m2/g with mesoporous nature. TiO2 NPs exhibiting 99% degradation performance of diazo dye Red HE3B within 30 min and 92% MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell growth inhibitory activity. Degradation pathway of Red HE3B was predicted on basis of LC-MS. Phytotoxicity of degraded metabolites showed enhanced growth of seedlings. TiO2 NPs showed enhanced anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 tumour cells with 56.41 μg/ml IC50 value