Genomic and proteomic identification of Late Holocene remains: Setting baselines for Black Sea odontocetes

A critical challenge of the 21st century is to understand and minimise the effects of human activities on biodiversity. Cetaceans are a prime concern in biodiversity research, as many species still suffer from human impacts despite decades of management and conservation efforts. Zooarchaeology constitutes a valuable approach for informing conservation and management decisions by providing baseline information on the past distribution and human uses of species. However, traditional morphological species identification of mixed assemblage bones can be challenging, particularly in the case of cetaceans. To address this issue, we applied and evaluated the performance of three biomolecular approaches – Sanger sequencing, shotgun sequencing and collagen peptide fingerprinting (ZooMS) – for species identification in a mixed assemblage of 800 to 1600 years old odontocete (toothed whale) samples from the site of Chersonesus in Crimea, Ukraine. We found that ZooMS allowed for identification to the taxonomic level for 28 of our 30 samples (> 90%), identifying them as either “porpoise” or “dolphin”, and approximately half of those samples could be further identified to species level with the shotgun sequencing approach. In addition, shotgun sequencing produced several complete ancient odontocete mitogenomes and auxiliary nuclear genomic data for further exploration in a population genetic context. In contrast, both morphological identification and Sanger sequencing lacked taxonomic resolution and/or resulted in misclassification of samples. We found that the combination of ZooMS and shotgun sequencing provides a powerful tool in zooarchaeology, and here allowed for a deeper understanding of past marine resource use and its implication for current management and conservation of Black Sea odontocetes

The Issues of Sustainable Management of Innovative Industrial Risks During Sustainable Development of Entities

This research considers the issues of the balanced management of innovative industrial risks as a mechanism for achieving sustainable development of entities. The place of this complex of management actions has been determined in the general strategic management system when introducing innovations in the context of disturbances and risks. The role of innovative industrial risks, as restrictions of innovative development, has been defined, and the main challenges of implementing balanced management principles when introducing innovations in the face of uncertainty have been analyzed. For research, the petrochemical complex of the Republic of Tatarstan has been selected, the features of its innovative development have been studied, and the main trends and approaches to managing innovative industrial risks at achieving sustainable development in present-day conditions have been identified.</jats:p