Human summating potential using continuous loop averaging deconvolution: Response amplitudes vary with tone burst repetition rate and duration

Electrocochleography (ECochG) to high repetition rate tone bursts may have advantages over ECochG to clicks with standard slow rates. Tone burst stimuli presented at a high repetition rate may enhance summating potential (SP) measurements by reducing neural contributions resulting from neural adaptation to high stimulus repetition rates. To allow for the analysis of the complex ECochG responses to high rates, we deconvolved responses using the Continuous Loop Averaging Deconvolution (CLAD) technique. We examined the effect of high stimulus repetition rate and stimulus duration on SP amplitude measurements made with extratympanic ECochG to tone bursts in 20 adult females with normal hearing. We used 500 and 2,000 Hz tone bursts of various stimulus durations (12, 6, 3 ms) and repetition rates (five rates ranging from 7.1 to 234.38/s). A within-subject repeated measures (rate x duration) analysis of variance was conducted. We found that, for both 500 and 2,000 Hz stimuli, the mean deconvolved SP amplitudes were larger at faster repetition rates (58.59 and 97.66/s) compared to slower repetition rates (7.1 and 19.53/s), and larger at shorter stimulus duration compared longer stimulus duration. Our concluding hypothesis is that large SP amplitude to short duration stimuli may originate primarily from neural excitation, and large SP amplitudes to long duration, fast repetition rate stimuli may originate from hair cell responses. While the hair cell or neural origins of the SP to various stimulus parameters remains to be validated, our results nevertheless provide normative data as a step toward applying the CLAD technique to understanding diseased ears

Of mobile phones and mother-fathers: Calls, texts, and conjugal power relations of mother-away Filipino families

This article examines how the mobile phone might matter in the exercise of conjugal power relations between left-behind fathers and migrant mothers in transnational Filipino families. Drawing on in-depth interviews of ten pairs of fathers and children from mother-away families, it reveals that the mobile phone provides parents avenues to both expand and hold on to their traditionally gender-differentiated roles. This means that while the technology mitigates some of the effects of migration, it also complicates the already complex relationships between these fathers and mothers. Unfortunately, this situation tends to amplify the tremendous difficulties of having to deal with two opposing forces: the changed realities in a transnational Filipino family and the traditional expectations of Philippine society. So while the mobile phone can lead to increasing cooperation between left-behind fathers and migrant mothers, it has mostly resulted in exacerbating the already tremendous chasms that divide them

TASAWUF DI SUMATERA SELATAN DARI ABAD KE-18 HINGGA ABAD KE-21

Sufism in Indonesia is not only Sunni, but also philosophical. This is evident in the mystical teachings of Sufism that developed throughout the archipelago, including in the Southern of Sumatera region. Islam with a Sunni Sufism style is very strong since the beginning of its arrival in South Sumatra. This can be traced to political and cultural contacts between Palembang and Java - where Wali Songo lived. While the main characteristic of South Sumatra\u27s mysticism is its attachment to the tarekat - in this case, especially the Sammaniyah order. Even in the 20th century, when the flow of Islamic puritanism oriented to the mere outward aspects of religion increasingly thickened, the Sammaniyah order which had become part of the customs of the Palembang people could still be maintained

Social Values Perceptions of Fourth Grade Primary School Students

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the perceptions of social values of fourth grade primary school students. The research is a descriptive study based on survey model. The study sample group is composed of 451 fourth grade students studying in four different schools in Siirt city center selected via convenience sampling method. The Perception Scale for Social Values developed by Bakaç (2013) was used as data collection instrument. There are a total of 23 five-point likert-type items on The Perception Scale for Social Values, of which 19 items are designed to measure positive perceptions and 4 items are designed to measure negative perceptions. Cronbach-Alpha reliability coefficients of the scale are .88 for the first sub-scale, .72 for the second sub- scale and .86 for the total scale. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U-Test and Kruskal Wallis methods were used for data analysis. The findings of the study indicate that the social value perceptions of fourth grade students show no significant difference with regard to gender or education level of mother. Whereas it was concluded that the social value perceptions of fourth grade students show a significant difference with regard to place of residence and education level of fathe

Digitalization of the planning and building permit process : for a smart and sustainable urban development

Enligt Sveriges regering ska Sverige vara bäst i världen på att använda digitaliseringens möjligheter. Boverket, Lantmäteriet och Myndigheten för digital förvaltning är tre av de myndigheter som på uppdrag av regeringen ska driva digitaliseringsarbetet i rätt riktning. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka vilken verkan digitalisering har på plan- och bygglovsprocessen. Med svenska myndigheter och kommuner i fokus undersöks hur en digital omställning korrelerar med plan- och bygglovsprocessen utifrån teorier om smarta städer, hållbar stadsutveckling och ekonomisk tillväxt. Målet är att genom besvarade frågeställningar visa hur nuläget ser ut samt att undersöka hur digitaliseringen av plan- och bygglovsprocessen bör gå till för att den ska främja en hållbar stadsutveckling, ekonomisk tillväxt samt vara smart och ekonomiskt hållbar. För att bemöta uppsatsen syfte används kvalitativa metoder i form av litteraturstudier och semistrukturerade intervjuer med sakkunniga inom ämnet. I uppsatsen visar sig flertalet utmaningar som hindrar arbetet för en smidig övergång till ett digitaliserat Sverige. Det handlar bland annat om brister i svensk lagstiftning, bristande kommunikationen mellan uppdragsgivare och uppdragstagare, avsaknandet av resurser samt bristande finansiering för den digitala omställningen. Samtidigt ska Sverige arbeta för en hållbar utveckling, något som måste innefattas i arbetet för digitaliseringen. Uppsatsen visar att digitaliseringen av plan- och bygglovsprocessen kan bidra till en hållbar stadsutveckling genom att information tillgängliggörs. På så vis möjliggörs mer effektiva beslut och bedömningar avseende hållbarhet. Digitaliseringens påverkan på ekonomisk tillväxt i kommunerna beror på hur kommunerna anpassar sig till omställningen. För att digitaliseringen av plan- och bygglovsprocessen ska vara smart krävs lagändringar, finansiering och kompetens. Slutligen krävs ett bättre förvaltningsövergripande samarbete som endast kan uppnås om regeringen, myndigheter och kommuner tar ett gemensamt krafttag och tar sitt ansvar i arbetet.The Swedish government has the ambition for Sweden to be the best country at utilizing the possibilities of digitalization. The prerequisites for digitalization in the Swedish planning process differentiates in the country's municipalities depending on available resources and what growth visions municipalities have. The National Board of Housing, Building and Planning (Boverket), the Swedish Mapping, Cadastral and Land Registration Authority (Lantmäteriet) and the Swedish Agency for Digital Administration (DIGG) are three of the authorities that, on behalf of the government, will lead digitalisation in the right direction. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what effect digitalization has on the planning and building permit process. By focusing on Swedish authorities and municipalities, it is investigated how a digital transformation correlates with the planning and building permit process based on theory of smart cities, sustainable urban development and economic growth. The aim is to show the current state of the digitization process and to investigate how it's supposed to progress in order to foster sustainable urban development, economic growth while also being smart and economically sustainable. The thesis entails the use of qualitative methods in the form of literature studies and semi-structured interviews. The thesis reveals a number of challenges that hinders a smooth transition to a digitalized Sweden. These include, but are not limited to, lacking Swedish legislation, lack of communication between actors within the planning and building permit process and lack of resources for the digital transformation. Simultaneously Sweden must work for sustainable development, something that's pivotal in the work for a digitalization. The thesis shows that the digitalisation of the planning and building permit process can contribute to sustainable urban development through availability and accessibility of information. This enables more efficient decision-making and assessments regarding sustainability. The impact of digitalization regarding economic growth in the municipalities depends on how the municipalities adapt to the transition. In order for the digitalization of the planning and building permit process to be smart there is a need for amendments, funding and competence. Finally, it requires cross-administrative cooperation which can only be achieved if the government and municipalities take a joint stand and meet their respective responsibilities

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My heartiest salutations and warm congratulation to all editorial board members for their high success of today through their hard work and persistence. Actually, UJPR is now recognized as an international and indexed journal in more than 30 locations and i think that our journal will achieve an impact factor and will be member of Scopus and ISI journals in the nearest future. Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (UJPR) with its high qualified editorial board members, high quality manuscripts and excellence of those reviewing the manuscripts will enable to go ahead and get a high reputation over the world.  I will take this opportunity to appeal to all authors to prepare their manuscripts strictly according to journal instructions so as to avoid any undue delay in its editorial processing and disappointment of rejection. At last i hope for our journal high success and to generate an impact factor for which we invite submission of more original articles and citation of relevant literature published in this journal in your future publications