Cadmium and Chlorpyrifos Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Brain, Liver and Kidney of Wistar Rats

The work was designed with 4 groups for 28 days. 1: Control. 2: CdCl2 @ 22.5mg/ kg b.wt / oral. 3: CPF @ 25 mg/ kg b.wt /per oral. 4: [email protected] mg + CPF @ 25 mg/ kg b.wt /per oral. Higher mean values of liver, kidney and brain TBARS were observed in G-2, 3 and 4 on 15th and 29th day. Liver section in group 2 revealed mild degenerative changes  in group 3; in group 4 mild to moderate peri portal fibrosis.  Kidney section in group 2 showed  shrunken glomeruli, necrosis;  kidney section showed degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelium with casts in the lumen in group 3 and  necrosis with casts in the lumen in group 4. Brain section in group 2 showed mild perivascular cuffing,  mild to moderate degeneration of Purkinji cells in group 3 and in group 4 degeneration of Purkinje cells. Effects in G-4 were severe than individual groups due to synergistic action of the combined pollutants than the individual effects.</jats:p

Changes in Biochemical Parameters, Antioxidative Enzymes and Histopathology of Liver Induced by Cadmium (Cd) and Chlorpyrifos (CPF) in Wistar Rats

Background: Cd and CPF intoxication may occur directly through drinking water. Since the population tend to receive combination of multiple intoxicants through environment contamination, there is need for conducting studies to assess the impact of individual and combined environmental pollutants. The present research work was designed to study hepatotoxicity induced by Cd, CPF and their combination.Methods: The experiment was carried out for 28 days in Wistar rats. G1: Control. G-2:CdCl2 @ 22.5mg/ kg b.wt / oral. G3: CPF @ 25 mg/ kg b.wt /per oral. G4:[email protected] mg + CPF @ 25 mg/ kg b.wt /per oral. Biochemical parameters ware estimated from serum and liver samples were processed for tissue antioxidative parameters and histopathological examination. Result: Higher mean values of AST, ALT, ALP and lower liver GSH and SOD were observed in G2, 3 and 4 on 15th and 29th day when compared with G1. Liver in G2 and 3 showed mild degenerative changes, areas of necrosis and loss of architecture. In G4, lesions were moderate in severity. In addition, moderate perivascular fibrosis of portal triad was observed. The effects in combined group were severe than individual groups due to synergistic action of the combined pollutants.</jats:p

Antimicrobial evaluation of Bovine Lactoferrin: A bioactive protein isolated from milk of crossbred and Indigenous cow breeds

A multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein called lactoferrin (Lf) acts as a broad-spectrum first line of defense against fungi, protozoa, bacteria, and viruses. Bovine Lactoferrin (BLf), which was extracted from the milk of crossbred and native breeds of cattle, was investigated for its antibacterial properties. The BLf protein was purified from the milk of HF crossbred and indigenous breeds like Sahiwal and Poda thurpu cows using the cation-exchange chromatography method and Broth microdilution and disc diffusion techniques were used to investigate the antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isolated BLf from the milk of HF cross-bred cow was found at 8000 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and BLf isolated from the milk of Sahiwal and Poda thurpu cattle breeds respectively showed MIC of 4000 μg/mL against S. aureus. The MIC against Bacillus spp. was at 4000 μg/mL for all the experimental cow breeds. The MIC value of isolated BLf from Holstein-Friesian (HF) cross bred against Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. was 4000 μg/mL. However, the MIC for isolated BLf) from Sahiwal and Poda thurpu breeds against E. coli and Proteus spp. in the present study was 2000 μg/mL. The antimicrobial activity was also studied by disc diffusion studies against selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The BLf isolated from the milk of all the three experimental breeds showed a smaller zone of inhibition at 2000 μg/mL concentration and a larger inhibition zone was observed at 4000μg/mL against the selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, more potency was shown by the BLf isolated from the indigenous breed viz. Poda thurpu followed by Sahiwal.</jats:p