Commercial mariculture of Oreochromis niloticus using net cages

The culture of tilapia has a long history in Africa. Fossil remains of members of the genus have been found which are about 18 million years old (Fryer and Iles, 1972). Oreochromis niloticus was the subject of detailed observations in Egypt of 5,000 years ago. A bas relief of 2,500B.C. depicts tilapia being reared in ponds in Egypt. However, despite this long history the prolific nature of this fish results in very high populations in pond culture systems. Consequently small size fish are harvested. Several methods have thus been tried to control the excessive reproduction of tilapia in captivity with only partial success. This paper reports how large size tilapia especially O. niloticus averaging at least 150g per piece can be commercially produced using floating net cages in the marine environmen

Investment potentials in shellfish culture in Nigeria

Shellfish are a major but cheap protein source for human consumption as well as source of income for coastal towns and villages of the Niger Delta in Rivers State, Cross River, and Lagos States. A research into the nutritive value of some of these marine shellfish viz: bivalves (oyster - Crassostrea gasar and cockle - Anadara senilis); gastropods (periwinkle - Tympanotonus fuscatus, obtuse periwinkle - Semifusus morio and the giant whelk - Thais callifera) and mangrove crabs (green crab - Goniopsis pelli, ghost crab - Cardisoma ormatum, and common blue crab - Callinectes latimanus) was carried out to compare their quality and cost with beef, chicken meat, pork and egg in order to identify those most suitable for commercial culture. Results show that all shellfish had at least 16% crude protein except blue crab (13.38%). All shellfish had higher protein content than egg (13.36%). Cockle with protein content 25.47% compared favourably with beef, (29.60%). Beef, chicken meat and pork cost 11.50, 9.00 and 8.00 per kilo respectively while oyster, periwinkle and the common blue crab cost 3.50, 3.00, and 1.50 per kilo respectively. Oysters and Cockles are recommended for commercial culture based on the findings of this researc

The effects of supplemental feeds containing different protein: Energy ratios on the growth and survival of Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) in brackishwater ponds

A research was conducted in thirty approximately 100 sq.m earthern ponds of the Brackishwater Aquaculture Centre (BAC), College of Fisheries, University of the Philippines, Leganes Iloilo from November 7, 1982 to March 7, 1983 to evaluate the effects of nine supplemental feeds containing different protein: energy ratios on the growth and survival of Tilapia nilotica in brackishwater ponds. Nine supplemental feeds formulated were with protein levels of 20%, 25%, and 30% each at three energy levels of 3,000 kcals; 3,500 kcals; and 4,000 kcals. There was a control treatment with no feeding so that mean weight gain growth rate, feed conversion rate, and survival were determined. Fish fingerlings were acclimated from 0-29 ppt. salinity before the experiment and 20% of fish in each treatment were sampled after every 30 days. Growth rates were significantly different and increased with increasing energy level at the 30% protein feeds but decreased at high energy levels in the 20% and 25% protein feeds. Feed conversion was significantly different due to interaction between protein and energy levels in the feeds, and was better at the 30:3,500 kcals feeds having a feed conversion of 1.55 g. Survival was not significantly differen

The Impact of Globalisation and Industry 4.0 on Training and Re-Training in Developing and Undeveloped Nations

Globalization has come to stay and it is imperative for countries to sail with the flow of recent trends. As a developing or an underdeveloped nation we stand at the edge of a technological explosion, birthing the 4th industrial revolution and advancement (industry 4.0) which is a transformational experience desired to affect the way we live and work especially at the organisational level for both private and public business. The sad truth is, this future we desire and consider complex, is already in place as a working system for developed nations. We do not have an inclination as to how it will work, it important developing and underdeveloped nation of the world response to the needful and fully integrate comprehensively into globalisation and industry 4.0 by training and re-training (learning, unlearning and relearning). Keywords: Globalization, Industry 4.0, Training, Retraining, Developing and Underdeveloped Countries. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-3-1

CURRICULUM CONTENT ORGANIZATION AND TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION OF BASIC EDUCATION STUDENTS’ IN RIVERS EAST EDUCATIONAL ZONE OF NIGERIA

A descriptive survey was conducted to investigate the curriculum content organization and teachers’ perception of entrepreneurship education on skills acquisition by Basic Education Students’ in Rivers East Educational zone of Nigeria. Two null hypotheses were stated to guide the study. The population for the study was 16,647 teachers and 19,737 students. Stratified sampling technique was adopted and the total sample size used was 1,664 teachers and 3,328 students bringing the total to 4,992. Two instruments titled “Curriculum Content Organization Questionnaire (CCOQ)” and “Acquisition of Entrepreneurship Skills Questionnaire (AESQ)” was used for data collection. Cronbach alpha reliability estimate was used to test the reliability. Data obtained were analysed using Pearson Product Moment correlation and Chi-square. Results of the study revealed a significant positive relationship between curriculum content organizationand teachers’ perception of entrepreneurship education on the acquisition of entrepreneurship skills by students. These variables had a positive influence on the acquisition of entrepreneurship skills in terms of making poultry feeds, soap and tie and dye of fabrics among the students. There is the need for students to possess entrepreneurship skills for employment generation, self-reliance and improved standard of living in the society. It is however recommended that in the planning and implementation of the curriculum, efforts should be made to make the learning experiences and contents of the curriculum relevant to the needs of the Nigerian society

Yields Components and 48-H Rumen Dry Matter Degradation of Three Sweet Potato Varieties in N’dama Steers as Influenced by Date of Harvesting

Two experiments were conducted to study the influence of harvesting date on three sweet potato varieties (TIS-87/0087, TIS-8164 and TIS-2532.OP.1.13). Fodder yields and leaf-to-stem ratio decreased (P < 0.05), while harvest index and 48-h rumen DM degradation increased with maturity from 12 to 20 weeks after planting (WAP). Mean root yields and leaf-to-stem ratio were higher (P < 0.05) in variety TIS-8164, while TIS-87/0087 recorded lower root yield and TIS-2532.OP.1.13 gave lower leaf-to-stem ratio

Understanding Host Community Distrust and Violence Against Oil Companies in Nigeria

The violence of the Niger Delta host communities against the international oil companies (IOCs) is rampant and dogged. The extent of violence that occurs is harmful to communities, individuals, and oil companies that provide a certain degree of economic stability to the region. The Nigerian government faces a major challenge of resolving community violence in Nigeria. This case study used social exchange theory to better understand the causes and consequences of the lack of community trust against the oil companies that is pervasive in the region. Purposeful sampling was used in the selection of 10 community members, 8 representatives of the oil industry, and 3 government officials. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documents provided by participants. These were inductively coded and then analyzed using a constant comparative technique. Findings revealed that participants perceived a lack of adequate collaboration among stakeholders and the application of inadequate management strategies of the IOCs and government having an impact on the degree and frequency of community violence. The implications stemming from this study include recommendations to the Nigerian government and IOCs to precede policy formulation with thorough consultation, engagement, and negotiation with the stakeholders for their acceptance before implementation of policy. This collaborative action may encourage corporate engagement and management that is positively viewed by the communities in the Niger Delta

Intellectual Capital Development: The Black Gold of Modern Organisation

Stretching and engaging the mind of the human resource within the organization for the sole aim of growth and profitability has birthed a high level of Intellectual capital development. The avoidance of organisational knowledge drain has also give the rise to philosophy supporting knowledge management structures in the organization and the value placement on intellectual capital development as an endowment has led to a growing interest in modern organisations as intellectual knowledge is built, shaped and blended to benefit the workforce. A basic understanding of the intellectual capital flow allows for leveraging of intellect as an asset. To this end, this paper considers intellectual capital development as a source of generated knowledge which is considered a black gold of modern organisation. Keywords: Intellectual, Capital, Development, Black, Gold, Modern, Organisation DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-14-07 Publication date:May 31st 201

Performance and haemato - Biochemical profiles of west African dwarf (Wad) Does fed selected crop by-products in Nigeria

This study was conducted to investigate the performance and haemato-biochemical parameters of WAD Does fed crop by-products: Yam peels(T1YP) Cassava peels (T2CP), Sweet potato peels (T3SPP) and Ripe plantain peels (T4RRP) in humid tropical Cross Rivers State of Nigeria. Sixteen (16) twenty (20) weeks old West African Dwarf (WAD) Does with average initial body weights of 7.308 ± 1.41 kg were used. The four crop by-products used were replicated 4 times with 1 Doe per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Feed dry matter intake (FDI), final body weight (FBW), final weight gains (FWG) and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were significantly (P < 0.05) different. The haematological values and blood biochemistry for the WAD Does in all the treatment groups fell within the reference range for normal goats in terms of WBC (4 – 13 x 103 /μL), RBC (8.0 – 18.0 x 106/μl), MCV (16 – 25 fl), MCH (5.2 – 8.0 pg), MCHC (30 – 36 g/dl), Hb (8 - 12 x g/dl), PCV (24 – 48%), PLT (3– 6 x 1011 /L) and GLUC ((2.7 – 4.2 mmol/L), CREAT (59.7 – 134.8 μmol/L), CHOLES (1.54 mmol/L), BUN (32. 25 – 37.30 mg/dl), K (3.8 – 5.7 mmol/L), Na (136.6 – 151.5 mmol/L), CL (100.3 – 111.5 mmol/L), Ca (2.25 – 2.90 mmol/L), P (3.7 – 5.7 mg/dl) respectively. The WAD Does fed T2CP exhibited superior performance characteristics. Consequently, the utilization of crop by-products used in this study has no deleterious effects on the nutritional and health conditions of the WAD Does and is recommended for use in goat production systems.Key words: By-products, Performance, WAD Does, Haematology and Serum biochemistry

Effect of Bonny Light Crude Oil Pollution of Soil on the Growth of dayflower (Commelina benghalensis L.) in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

The effect of Bonny Light Crude oil pollution of soil and successive plantings in the same soil at 4 – week intervals on the growth of dayflower (Commelina benghalensis L.) was investigated. The factorial sets of treatments were two levels of oil pollution (0 and 50 mg/g) and 5 successive plantings. Characters assessed were mean plant height, leaf area per plant and mean dry matter weight. At each of the 5 croppings mean plant characters assessed were significantly higher (P = 0.05) at 0 mg/g oil pollution than at the 50 mg oil/g soil pollution level. In the Control treatments, a declining trend in plant growth was observed from the 1st to the 5th crop. In contrast, in the oil-treated soils, an increasing trend was observed. @JASE