The More She Longs for Home, the Farther Away it Appears: A Paradox of Nostalgia in a Fulani Immigrant Girl’s Life

Nostalgia, which is derived from the Greek words nos (returning home) and algia (pain), refers to longing for the loss of the familiar (Kaplan, 1987). The loss of our connection to the familiar is a painful experience as such loss is connected to a fundamental loss, the loss of ourselves. By losing a connection to familiar people, objects, and places that continue to remain the same from the past to the future, we also lose the continuity within ourselves. And this discontinuity of our past, present, and future selves creates anxiety within us (Milligan, 2003). The painful experience that accompanies the loss of the familiar and the severe longing for the lost was originally viewed as a type of depression, which required psychiatric treatment. However, increasing mobility and changes in modern society have made nostalgia a more typical experience for many. Nostalgia is a relevant experience particularly for immigrants who live away from their homeland

On Values of Cyclotomic Polynomials. V

In this paper, we present three results on cyclotomic polynomials. First, we present results about factorization of cyclotomic polynomials over arbitrary fields K. It is well known in cases such that a field K is the rational number field Q or a finite field F q (see [3, 4]). Using irreducibility of cyclotomic polynomials over Q, we can see that there are only finite elements of finite orders in a number field. On the other hand, we should correct some mistakes in [2, Corollary 1]. This mistake have no influence about another results in [2]. Finaly, we state about relations between Fibonacci polynomials and cyclotomic polynomials. This idea is due to K. Kuwano who stated this in his book [1] written in Japanese. 1. Factorizations of cyclotomic polynomials over fields The next theorem shows that irreducible factors of a cyclotomic polynomial Φn(x) over an arbi-trary field have the same degree. Theorem 1. Let K be a field. Then every irreducible factor f(x) of Φn(x) in K[x] has the same degree. More precisely, let L be the minimal splitting field of Φn(x) over a field K of characteristic p ≥ 0. Then we obtain that L is Galois over K, the Galois group G of L over K is a subgroup of the unit group of Z/mZ, where m = n in case p = 0 and n = pem with (m, p) = 1 in case p> 0, and deg f(x) = |G | = [L: K]. Proof. Let f(x) be a monic irreducible factor of Φn(x) in K[x] and let α ∈ L be a root of f(x). Then n = pem by [2, Theorem 1] where m is the order of α in L and m is not divided by p. Thus, we can see from the equation xm − 1 =∏d|m Φd(x) tha

Looking Beyond the Standard Model through Precision Electroweak Physics

The most important hint of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) from the 1995 precision electroweak data is that the most precisely measured quantities, the total, leptonic and hadronic decay widths of the $Z$ and the effective weak mixing angle, $\sin^2\theta_W$, measured at LEP and SLC, and the quark-lepton universality of the weak charged currents measured at low energies, all agree with the predictions of the SM at a few $\times 10^{-3}$ level. By taking into account the above constraints I examine implications of three possible disagreements between experiments and the SM predictions. It is difficult to interpret the 11\% (2.5-$\sigma$) deficit of the $Z$-partial-width ratio $R_c=\Gamma_c/\Gamma_h$, since it either implies an unacceptably large $\alpha_s$ or a subtle cancellation among hadronic $Z$ decay widths in order to keep all the other successful predictions of the SM. The 2\% (3-$\sigma$) excess of the ratio $R_b=\Gamma_b/\Gamma_h$ may indicate the presence of a new rather strong interaction, such as the top-quark Yukawa coupling in the supersymmetric (SUSY) SM or a new interaction responsible for the large top-quark mass in the Technicolor scenario of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking. Another interpretation may be additional tree-level gauge interactions that couple only to the third generation of fermions. A common consequence of these attempts is a rather small $\alpha_s$, \alpha_s(\mz )_{\msbar}=0.104\pm 0.08. The 0.17\% (1-$\sigma$) deficit ...Comment: Talk presented at Yukawa International Seminar (YKIS)~'95, 23 pages, uuencoded compressed tar file of LaTeX file and 13 EPS files (uses ptptex.sty,wrapfig.sty,psfig.sty,axodraw.sty) PostScript version of complete paper available at ftp://ftp.kek.jp/kek/preprints/TH/TH-463/kekth463.ps.g

Azimuthal correlation among jets produced in association with a bottom or top quark pair at the LHC

Angular correlation of jets produced in association with a massive scalar, vector or tensor boson is crucial in the determination of their spin and CP properties. We study jet angular correlations in events with a high mass bottom quark pair or a top quark pair and two jets at the LHC, whose cross-section is dominated by the virtual gluon fusion sub-processes when appropriate kinematic selection cuts (vector-boson fusion cuts) are applied. We evaluate helicity amplitudes for sub-processes initiated by qq, qg and gg collisions in the limit where the intermediate gluons are collinear to the initial partons. We first obtain a general expression for the azimuthal angle correlations among the dijets and t t-bar or b b-bar, in terms of the gg to t t-bar or b b-bar helicity amplitudes in the real gluon approximation of the full matrix elements, and find simple analytic expressions in the two kinematic limits, the production of a heavy quark pair near the threshold, and in the relativistic limit where the invariant mass of the heavy quark pair is much larger than the quark mass. For b b-bar + 2 jets we find strong azimuthal angle correlations which are distinct from those expected for events with a CP-even or odd scalar boson which may decay into a b b-bar pair. For t t-bar + 2 jets we find that the angular correlations are similar to that of a CP-odd scalar+2 jets near the threshold M_(t t-bar) ~ 2 m_t, while in the relativistic limit they resemble the distribution for b b-bar + 2 jets. These correlations in the standard QCD processes will help establish the experimental technique to measure the spin and CP properties of new particles produced via gluon fusion at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures; v2: minor additions to text, references added, version as published in JHE