Carbon Monoxide Mass Transfer in a Syngas Mixture

A myoglobin assay for measuring concentrations of dissolved carbon monoxide (CO) from an artificial synthesis gas blend (20% CO, 18% CO2, 52% N2, and 10% H2) was utilized to determine volumetric CO−water mass-transfer rates in a 0.211-m-diameter stirred-tank reactor (STR). The data are well correlated using the power density and superficial gas velocity, but this correlation is valid only for this STR size. A gas−liquid scale-up model developed for dissolved oxygen mass-transfer rates using air was used to develop a CO−liquid scale-up model for syngas fermentation. The model is applicable in the STR hydrodynamic range associated with after-large-cavity (ALC) formation and assumed to hold for other STR sizes

Towards a Swiss National Research Infrastructure

In this position paper we describe the current status and plans for a Swiss National Research Infrastructure. Swiss academic and research institutions are very autonomous. While being loosely coupled, they do not rely on any centralized management entities. Therefore, a coordinated national research infrastructure can only be established by federating the various resources available locally at the individual institutions. The Swiss Multi-Science Computing Grid and the Swiss Academic Compute Cloud projects serve already a large number of diverse user communities. These projects also allow us to test the operational setup of such a heterogeneous federated infrastructure

Mass transfer measurements for syngas fermentation

A general scale-up correlation is developed for the volumetric gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient (k[Subscript L]a) in stirred-tank reactors (STRs) for oxygen transport using results from the literature and the current study. Power data for the dispersion of air in water by a six-bladed Rushton impeller are obtained by measuring electrical power, and a gassed power correlation is proposed. A correlation for gas-liquid mass transfer based on the energy input criteria of the form k[Subscript L]a = C1(P[subscript g] / V)[Superscript alpha]U[Superscript Beta and subscript g] fit the data well, but, in general, is dependant on flow regime and the vessel size. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k[Subscript L]a) is correlated on the basis of the relative dispersion parameter (N/N[Subscript CD]) for similar impeller hydrodynamics and operating regimes. A stirred-tank reactor scale-up technique from bench-scale (T = 0.211 m and D/T = 0.35) to industrial-scale (up to T = 2.7 m) is proposed using a normalized hydrodynamic flow regime map and shown to be useful in understanding the range of operational conditions for the successful scale-up of stirred tank reactors. The experiments show that the scale-up model can be applied for a single and or multi-gas component mass transport to liquids if the STR is operated in the same hydrodynamic regime. A method for determining dissolved carbon monoxide concentrations from artificial syngas is developed and the volumetric gas-liquid mass transfer rates are determined. The gas-liquid scale-up model is used in carbon monoxide mass transfer scale-up for syngas fermentation in a STR. Carbon monoxide mass transfer rates obtained in this work are predicted from those of air correlated from literature. A STR scale-up model is extended to other reactor types such as air lift reactors and bubble columns in mixing applications, and the corresponding gas-liquid scale-up model is suggested

Communion with God : relations between the divine and the human in the theology of John Owen.

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN046849 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Digital distribution of sound works with a focus on the status of the author and his remuneration in the context of popular and production music

Digitální distribuce zvukových děl se zaměřením na postavení autora a jeho odměňování v kontextu populární a produkční hudby Abstrakt Tato diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou digitální distribuce hudby, postavení autora v prostředí internetové sítě a odměňováním nositelů práv k dílům za užití těchto děl a právním rámcem, který nastavuje Směrnice Evropského parlamentu a Rady (EU) 2019/790 ze dne 17. dubna 2019 o autorském právu a právech s ním souvisejících na digitálním trhu a o změně směrnic 96/9/ES a 2001/29/ES a její transpozice do českého právního řádu. V první kapitole vymezuji pro dále zpracovávanou materii důležitý historický kontext, a to z hlediska technického vývoje a právního jednotném vývoje. Druhá kapitola je věnována vymezení právních pojmů pro práci důležitých a okruhu právních předpisů týkajících se autorského práva, předně Autorského zákona č. 121/2000 Sb. Třetí kapitola se věnuje hudebním odvětvím z hlediska dělení na hudbu produkční a hudbu populární a specifikům jejich využití. Ve čtvrté jsou pak popsány jednotlivé modely digitální distribuce hudby a úskalí, která provázela jejich dynamickou evoluci ve společnosti, jejíž právní prostředí na ně často nebylo připraveno a muselo reagovat. Jsou zmíněny vybrané průlomové kauzy, které formovaly další vývoj tohoto typu služeb. V páté a...Digital distribution of sound works with a focus on the status of the author and his remuneration in the context of popular and production music Abstract This thesis deals with the digital distribution of music, the status of the author in the online environment and the remuneration of rights holders for the use of these works and the legal framework set by Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the digital market and amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC and its transposition into the Czech legal order. In the first chapter, I define an important historical context for the material discussed below, in terms of technical development and legal uniformity. The second chapter is devoted to the definition of legal terms important for the thesis and the range of legal regulations concerning copyright, primarily Copyright Act No. 121/2000 Coll. The third chapter is devoted to the music sector in terms of the division into production music and popular music and the specifics of their use. The fourth chapter describes the various models of digital music distribution and the pitfalls that have accompanied their dynamic evolution in a society whose legal environment has often been unprepared for and had to respond to them....Ústav práva autorského, práv průmyslových a práva soutěžníhoInstitute of Copyright, Industrial Property and Competition LawPrávnická fakultaFaculty of La

Development of medieval settlement in the hinterland of stronghold in Praha-Vinoř

(česky) Hlavním cílem předložené práce je co nejpodrobněji rekonstruovat raně středověké osídlení v okolí hradiště Praha-Vinoř a popsat jeho vztah k této centrální lokalitě. Mimoto jsou zde diskutovány i otázky obecného charakteru tehdejší krajiny, jako je prostorový vztah sídelních a pohřebních areálů nebo stabilizace sídelní sítě. Základem práce byla velmi pestrá pramenná základna tvořená dvěma fázemi velkoplošných povrchových sběrů a drobnými záchrannými výzkumy. Získaná data se velmi lišila svým charakterem, rozložením v prostoru a výpovědní hodnotou, což vedlo k nutnosti vytvořit model, který by umožnil jejich propojení. Podle tohoto modelu pak byly definovány konkrétní sídelní a pohřební areály, které se staly základem pro zodpovězení výše popsaných otázek.(in English): The main aim of the presented thesis is to reconstruct the early medieval settlement in the vicinity of the Prague-Vinoř stronghold in as much details as possible and to describe its relation to this central locality. In addition, issues of the general character of this historical landscape are discussed, such as the spatial relationship between the settlement and funeral areas or the stabilization of the settlement network. The work was based on very diverse sources consisting of two phases of large-scale surface prospection and small-scale destructive researches. The obtained data differed greatly in their character, spatial distribution, and reliability, which led to the need to create a model that would allow their interconnection. According to it, specific settlements and burial grounds were defined, which became the basis for solving the issues described above.Ústav pro archeologiiInstitute of ArchaeologyFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art

The impact of consociational peace agreements on the descriptive representation of women in national and sub-national political institutions in divided societies: the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The main purpose of this research is to examine gendered outcomes of peace processes and processes of post-conflict reconstruction. One of the most celebrated consociational peace settlements, the Dayton Peace Agreement, often described in the literature as a new ‘social contract’, was to set the standards for post-conflict societies. Power-sharing agreements are the most commonly used form of agreement aimed at resolving conflicts based on ethno-national identity, although it is argued that they give insufficient political rights to women (Bjorkdahl, 2012). As part of this debate the Dayton Peace Agreement has been criticised for the fact that its focus on ethnicity has meant that up to the present, ethnic divisions have been privileged at the expense of other forms of social identity, including gender. From this perspective it is argued that the institutions put in place by the Dayton Peace Agreement have had the tendency to reinforce women’s inequality, including in low levels of political representation. This research examines the gendered impact of the continued ethnic divisions in the postsettlement era on women, in the context of the Dayton Peace Agreement, in terms of their political representation as a contribution to this debate. The complex structure of government institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, that are an integral part of the consociation agreement, allow the impact of ethnicity to be accessed at the different level of government and the wide variety in the percentage of women in the different legislative bodies to be explained. In particular, the variety in the ethnic composition of the local government units and the significant variety in levels of xv women’s representation facilitates a within case comparative method. The thesis uses this analysis to draw lessons from the impact of the Dayton Peace Agreement and in particular its gendered aspects on Bosnia and Herzegovina that can be used to inform future agreements that are based on the tenets of consociationalism

Transformations of the centre in the hinterland of medieval Prague: the stronghold in Praha-Vinoř

(in English) he presented work is a summary of the results of systematic research of the Praha-Vinoř hillfort carried out for last several years under the direction of the Institute of Archaeology of the Faculty of Arts, Charles University. The location can be seen as unique testimony to the transformation of the centre in the hinterland of Prague. Its significance and function have changed substantially in the past. The oldest identified early medieval component is represented by the relics of a hall-like structure of great dimensions and an elite burial of a young girl located in its interior. The second important horizon of past activities is a creation of a large scale early medieval cemetery in the area surrounding this (perhaps still standing) building. According to well-known analogies and other numerous indications, it can be assumed that there was also a church, but the only excavated situation that allows us to consider this interpretation are the relics of a stone structure discovered on the southern edge of the necropolis. Already at the time of the burial ground the hillfort was gradually losing its importance and in the end its function was probably reduced to just a centre of a local church administration. In the period of the High Middle Ages and the early modern period this...(česky) Předložená práce je shrnutím výsledků systematického badatelského výzkumu již několik let probíhajícího na hradišti Praha-Vinoř pod vedením Ústavu pro Archeologii Filozofické fakulty Univerzity Karlovy. Lokalita je unikátním svědectvím o proměnách centra v zázemí Prahy, jehož význam i funkce se v minulosti výrazně měnily. Nejstarší zde zachycenou raně středověkou komponentu reprezentují relikty halové stavby úctyhodných rozměrů a bohatě vybavený pohřeb mladé dívky uložený v jejím interiéru. Druhým významným horizontem je pak vznik centrálního pohřebiště v prostoru kolem této (možná dosud ještě stojící) budovy. Dle dobových analogií a dalších četných indicii lze předpokládat, že jeho součástí byl i kostel, ale jedinou odkrytou situací, jež dovoluje o této interpretaci uvažovat, jsou relikty kamenné zdi objevené na jižním okraji nekropole. Již v době užívání pohřebiště hradiště nejspíše ztrácí na významu, jehož funkce je pravděpodobně postupně redukována už jen na centrum lokální církevní správy. V období vrcholného středověku a raného novověku slouží tato lokalita už jen jako sídlo elity lokálního významu. Tento horizont je zde reprezentován nečekaně pestrými pozůstatky profánní architektury v podobě tvrze typu motte, dvou mladších kamenných staveb a raně novověkým hospodářským dvorem.Institute of ArchaeologyÚstav pro archeologiiFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult

Determination of mass transfer resistances of fast reactions in three-phase mechanically agitated slurry reactors

A methodology for the determination of mass transfer resistances of fast reactions in three-phase mechanically agitated slurry reactors under the reaction conditions is presented. The mass transfer resistances affect significantly the overall mass transfer rate, the design equation and consequently the scale up of the reactor. There is not established methodology to separate the mass transfer resistances under reaction conditions by changing catalyst loading and manipulating the process variables, pressure and agitation speed. This allows to avoid the use of different catalyst particles and give the chance to calculate the mass transfer resistances without caring about the type of catalyst. We calculate each mass transfer resistance under conditions which do not allow to neglect any of the resistances. It is shown that the level off of mass transfer rate which is developed in the plot of mass transfer rate against agitation speed plots is not enough to determine the limiting regime. The hydrogenation of styrene over Pd/C (5% catalyst content) is used as case study to demonstrate the methodology

Study of gas-liquid mixing in stirred vessel using electrical resistance tomography

This study presents a full operation and optimisation of a mixing unit; an innovative approach is developed to address the behaviour of gas-liquid mixing by using Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT). The validity of the method is investigated by developing the tomographic images using different numbers of baffles in a mixing unit. This technique provided clear visual evidence of better mixing that took place inside the gasliquid system and the effect of a different number of baffles on mixing characteristics. For optimum gas flow rate (m3/s) and power input (kW), the oxygen absorption rate in water was measured. Dynamic gassingout method was applied for five different gas flow rates and four different power inputs to find out mass transfer coefficient (KLa). The rest of the experiments with one up to four baffles were carried out at these optimum values of power input (2.0 kW) and gas flow rate (8.5×10-4 m3/s). The experimental results and tomography visualisations showed that the gasliquid mixing with standard baffling provided near the optimal process performance and good mechanical stability, as higher mass transfer rates were obtained using a greater number of baffles. The addition of single baffle had a striking effect on mixing efficiency and additions of further baffles significantly decrease mixing time. The energy required for complete mixing was remarkably reduced in the case of four baffles as compared to without any baffle. The process economics study showed that the increased cost of baffles installation accounts for less cost of energy input for agitation. The process economics have also revealed that the optimum numbers of baffles are four in the present mixing unit and the use of an optimum number of baffles reduced the energy input cost by 54%