Adaptive Filters for 2-D and 3-D Digital Images Processing

Práce se zabývá adaptivními filtry pro vizualizaci obrazů s vysokým rozlišením. V teoretické části je popsán princip činnosti konfokálního mikroskopu a matematicky korektně zaveden pojem digitální obraz. Pro zpracování obrazů je volen jak frekvenční přístup (s využitím 2-D a 3-D diskrétní Fourierovy transformace a frekvenčních filtrů), tak přístup pomocí digitální geometrie (s využitím adaptivní ekvalizace histogramu s adaptivním okolím). Dále jsou popsány potřebné úpravy pro práci s neideálními obrazy obsahujícími aditivní a impulzní šum. Závěr práce se věnuje prostorové rekonstrukci objektů na základě jejich optických řezů. Veškeré postupy a algoritmy jsou i prakticky zpracovány v softwaru, který byl vyvinut v rámci této práce.The thesis is concerned with filters for visualization of high dynamic range images. In the theoretical part, the principle of confocal microscopy is described and the term digital image is defined in a mathematically correct way. Both frequency approach (using 2-D and 3-D discrete Fourier transform and frequency filters) and digital geometry approach (using adaptive histogram equalization with adaptive neighbourhood) are chosen for the processing of images. Necessary adjustments when working with non-ideal images containing additive and impulse noise are described as well. The last part of the thesis is interested in 3-D reconstruction from optical cuts of an object. All the procedures and algorithms are also implemented in the software developed as a part of this thesis.

Is the Private Language Argument a Transcendental Argument?

Comparisons between Kant´s critique of pure reason and Wittgenstein´s critique of language, which became current in analytic philosophy (Cf. e.g Hacker 1972, 30.) seem not far-fetched in view of the impetus for the destruction of dogmatic metaphysics both philosophers share. Their relevance would gain though by an elaboration of their dissimilarities rather than by just stressing similarities. An example of the former approach, Weinert (1983, 412) contrasts the tools both critics of metaphysics employ: the distinction between analytic and synthetic judgments, and the description of the logic of languageuse and in particular the ´Argument from Epistemic Operators´ (Wittgenstein 1961, sects. 6.5, 6.51; 1958, §§ 246, 247, 251, 303; references in the form of paragraphnumbers are to the latter text) respectively. The analysis of the employment of those tools in anti-metaphysical arguments -and Weinert treats the Private Language Argument (PLA) as such (427-429)- enables to uncover underlying assumptions, e.g. the implicit assumption in Kant of a prior conceptual relation between concepts to which his notion of analysis is to be applied (430-431) and Wittgenstein´s explicit doctrine that "ordinary language is alright� (434)

Credit Rating Agencies: Scapegoat or free-riders? CEPS ECMI Commentaries No. 20, 9 October 2008

This Commentary by CEPS Chief Executive Karel Lannoo examines the draft directive issued for consultation by Commissioner Charlie McCreevy in July 2008, which proposes very detailed and prescriptive regulation of the activities of rating agencies in the EU. While acknowledging that policy-makers had no choice but to take action, Lannoo asserts that the draft raises fundamental questions about the form of the regulation and its impact on the industry and the markets. Namely: 1) Confronted with a globally concentrated industry, can the EU act alone? 2) Considering the fragmentation of the EU market, how will the regulation be applied? 3) Is functional regulation, as proposed by the European Commission, appropriate, or is more objective-based regulation needed? 4) What side effects may be caused by statutory regulation of CRAs

Financial Market Data and MiFID. ECMI Policy Briefs No. 6, 30 March 2007

The opening-up of the market for equity market data raises the question of whether data will be sufficiently consolidated and of high enough quality post-MiFID, or whether it will become too fragmented, thereby hindering price transparency and the implementation of best execution policies. This policy brief outlines the market for financial market data, the provisions of MiFID and the implementing measures regarding financial data and data consolidation. It also looks at the approaches taken by CESR, the FSA and the US authorities. It concludes that markets should be capable of adapting and that additional licensing requirements, such as those proposed by the FSA, are in fact premature and act as a barrier to the single market. Nor would a US-style monopoly consolidator be needed in this case

EU Retail Financial Market Integration: Mirage or Reality? ECRI Policy Briefs No. 3, 3 June 2008

This paper starts with a bird’s eye view of retail financial markets in the EU today and their degree of integration. It reviews the EU measures affecting retail financial markets and how rule-making has evolved over the last 15 years. A third section discusses issues raised by EU rule-making in retail financial markets and concludes with recommendations for policy

Placing EU banks under undue stress. CEPS Commentary, 2 December 2011

This Commentary surveys the latest round of stress tests administered to EU banks by the European Banking Authority (EBA) and finds their exclusive focus on a single measure of capital, the Tier 1 capital ratio of Basel III, short-sighted. While the first two stress tests underestimated the capital needs in the European banking system, the third test risks overestimating the picture in some cases