Konsep Etika Peserta Didik Menurut Burhanuddin Al-Zarnuji

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) untuk memahami konsep etika peserta didik menurut Burhanuddin Al-Zarnuji, (2) untuk mengetahui relevansi etika peserta didik menurut Burhanuddin Al-Zarnuji dengan kondisi sosial saat ini. Adapun metode yang peneliti gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif pendekatan content analysis (kajian isi). Jenis penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah library research yang merupakan suatu penelitian menggunakan buku-buku sebagai sumber datanya. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode dokumentasi (Naskah). Berdasarkan Hasil Penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa: 1) Bahwa etika peserta didik menurut al-Zarnuji dalam kitab monumentalnya Ta’lim al-Muta’allim adalah, pertama etika peserta didik terhadap Tuhan, yaitu dengan mengharap wara’ dan bertawakkal. Kedua etika peserta didik terhadap orang tua, yaitu karena orang tua adalah orang pertama yang mengenalkan anak didik tentang banyak hal sebelum pendidik dan tanpa etika kepada orang tua maka ilmu yang didapatkan tidak akan berkah. Ketiga etika peserta didik terhadap pendidik, yaitu peserta didik tidak akan memperoleh ilmu dan tidak akan dapat mengambil manfaatnya, tanpa mau mengormati gurunya. Keempat etika peserta didik terhadap kitab, yaitu dengan menghargai nilai buku, memperhatikan segala ilmu dan hikmah serta mencatatnya dengan baik dan rapi. Kelima etika peserta didik terhadap dirinya, yaitu dengan memiliki sifat tawadlu’, berani, menghindari perselisihan dan menanamkan rasa kasih sayang. Keenam etika peserta didik terhadap teman, yaitu dalam memilih teman hendaknya selalu berhati-hati agar tidak terjerumus ke jalan yang sesat.Ketujuh etika peserta didik ketika belajar, yaitu menganjurkan peserta didik untuk selalu belajar, larangan mempelajari ilmu perdukunan, berniat yang baik, memilih ilmu yang baik, sabar dan tabah. 2) Adapun relevansi konsep etika peserta didik menurut Burhanuddin al-Zarnuji dengan kondisi sosial saat ini bahwa pemikiran al-Zarnuji masih sangat relevan untuk mengembalikan pendidikan pada fungsinya. Namun ada beberapa pemikiran al-Zarnuji yang tidak relevan untuk diterapkan pada saat ini yaitu etika peserta didik terhadap pendidik dalam hal berbicara. Pada pemikiran al-Zarnuji peserta didik dituntut untuk selalu menerima apa yang disampaikan olen pendidik sehingga pembelajaran hanya berpusat pada guru, namun pada saat ini yang dituntut pada peserta didik adalah memiliki sifat kritis. Kata kunci : Peserta Didik, Etika Peserta Didik , Belaja

Fundamental Molecules of Life are Pigments which Arose and Evolved to Dissipate the Solar Spectrum

The driving force behind the origin and evolution of life has been the thermodynamic imperative of increasing the entropy production of the biosphere through increasing the global solar photon dissipation rate. In the upper atmosphere of today, oxygen and ozone derived from life processes are performing the short wavelength UVC and UVB dissipation. On Earth's surface, water and organic pigments in water facilitate the near UV and visible photon dissipation. The first organic pigments probably formed, absorbed, and dissipated at those photochemically active wavelengths in the UVC that could have reached Earth's surface during the Archean. Proliferation of these pigments can be understood as an autocatalytic photochemical process obeying non-equilibrium thermodynamic directives related to increasing solar photon dissipation rate. Under these directives, organic pigments would have evolved over time to increase the global photon dissipation rate by; 1) increasing the ratio of their effective photon cross sections to their physical size, 2) decreasing their electronic excited state life times, 3) quenching non-radiative de-excitation channels (e.g. fluorescence), 4) covering ever more completely the solar spectrum, and 5) dispersing into an ever greater surface area of Earth. From knowledge of the evolution of the spectrum of G-type stars, and considering the most probable history of the transparency of Earths atmosphere, we construct the most probable surface solar spectrum as a function of time and compare this with the history of molecular absorption maxima obtained from the available data in the literature. This comparison supports the thermodynamic dissipation theory for the origin of life, constrains models for Earth's early atmosphere, and sheds some new light on the origin of photosynthesis.Comment: 43 pages, 3 figure

Homochirality through Photon-Induced Melting of RNA/DNA: the Thermodynamic Dissipation Theory of the Origin of Life

The homochirality of the molecules of life has been a vexing problem with no generally accepted solution to date. Since a racemic mixture of chiral nucleotides frustrates the extension and replication of RNA and DNA, understanding the origin of homochirality has important implications to the investigation of the origin of life. Theories on the origin of life have generally elected to presume an abiotic mechanism giving rise to a large prebiotic enantiomer enrichment. Although a number of such mechanism have been suggested, none has enjoyed sufficient plausibility or relevance to be generally accepted. Here we suggest a novel solution to the homochirality problem based on a recently proposed thermodynamic dissipation theory for the origin of life. The ultraviolet absorption and dissipation characteristics of RNA/DNA point to their origin as photoautorophs, their replication assisted by UV light and temperature, and acting as catalysts for the global water cycle. Homochirality is suggested to have been incorporated gradually into the emerging life as a result of asymmetric right- over left-handed photon-induced denaturation of RNA/DNA occurring when Archean sea surface temperatures became close to the denaturing temperatures of RNA/DNA. This differential denaturing success would have been promoted by the somewhat right-handed circularly polarized submarine light of the late afternoon when surface water temperatures are highest, and a negative circular dichroism band extending from 220 nm up to 260 nm for small segments of RNA/DNA. A numerical model is presented demonstrating the efficacy of such a mechanism in procuring 100% homochirality of RNA or DNA from an original racemic solution in less than 500 Archean years assuming a photon absorption threshold for replication representing the hydrogen bonding energy between complementary strands. Because cholesteric D-nucleic acids have greater affinity for L-amino acids due to a positive structural complementarity, and because D-RNA/DNA+L-amino acid complexes also have a negative circular dichroism band between 200 - 300 nm, the homochirality of amino acids can also be explained by the theory

Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Keluarga di Kelurahan Tanah 600, Medan

Family Crops Medicine (TOGA) is used as culinary spices and medicine, at present it also can be utilized as earnings. If learned seriously, it also gives a satisfactory value. This study is a qualitative research using ‘individual's life history' method. Family utilized TOGA for long time in tanah 600 District Marelan Medan was selected. The aim of this study is to know the experience of a family that successfully utilized TOGA as a health treatment and family earnings. Data was collected by observation and in-depth interviews. Research was conducted during February to April 2009. Informant is an old woman called mak Intan. Information from her husband, son in law and anyone knowing mak Intan were also obtained. Data was analyzed by “ongoing analysis” technique. The result indicates that TOGA utilization requires knowledge and strong willingness to develop TOGA. The knowledge is not only obtained from family legacy and readings, but also cooperated with health district office or colleagues. The struggle to develop TOGA is started from backpacking herbal medicine, attending exhibition and making instant herbal medicine. Utilization of TOGA will provide economic, esthetic and satisfactory values

Jadi Kaya dengan Berbisnis di Rumah” oleh Netti Tinaprilla * Fenomena Wanita * Wanita Berbisnis : antara Keluarga dan Karir

Menjadi wanita tidaklah semudah yang dibayangkan oleh seorang pria tentang wanita. Apalagi wanita Indonesia, yang masih sangat kental dengan budaya keTIMURANnya, yang selalu memandang wanita adalah sebagai seorang ibu yang anggun, halus, lemah lembut, selalu dekat dengan keluarga, dengan kasih sayangnya membesarkan buah hatinya, dan sebagainya. Perumpaan dan istilah itu, sepertinya hanya layak diberikan kepada kaum perempuan atau wanita

The Copying Paradox: Why Converging Policies but Diverging Capacities for Development in Eastern European Innovation Systems?

This paper analyses the development of Eastern European innovation systems since the 1990s by looking together at the theoretical and empirical accounts of two discourses that have had a siginificant impact on the development of innovation systems: innovation policy and public administration and management. We propose a framework for analysing the development of innovation policies distinguishing between two concepts - policy and administrative capacity . that are necessary for innovation policy making and implementation. Using the framework we show how the Eastern European innovation systems have, because of past legacies and international policy transfer, developed a highly specific understanding of innovation policy based on the initial impact of the Washington Consensus policies and later the European Union. We argue that because of the interplay between the principles and policy reccomendations of the two international discourses we can see the emergence of a .copying paradoxÿ in Eastern European innovation systems: that is, despite the perception of policy convergence, we can witness a divergence in the policy from the intended results, and as a result can talk about limited and de-contextualised policy-making capacities.