物質量とモルに関る教具-開発と利用-の研究

前報（23巻1号）では，高校化学における物質量とモルの指導案を検討した。本論文では，この指導案をもとに，授業実践をするための教具を研究する。第1節では，物質量に関る教具の考え方と開発法について考察する。第2節では，生徒が手作りするモデル実験「豆世界」を提案する。この製作実験では「小豆」と「いんげん豆」を化学物質に見立てる。物質量とモルに関る教具は，物質の「つぶ構造」を学習者に意識させるものでなくてはならない。A previous paper (VOI. 23, No. 1, 2003) proposed an instruction plan for teaching chemical amount and the mole in school chemistry. This paper deals with teaching tools for the instruction plan. The first segment describes how to design and how to develop tools for teaching chemical amount. The second section addresses a model made by hand for high school students; this modeling experiment concerns \u27amounts\u27 of red and kidney beans as two kinds of chemical substance. It should be noted that the tools for teaching chemical amount and the mole have to present \u27corpuscular concept (granularity) of matter\u27 to the learners

Practical Seminar for the Teaching Profession on the Teacher Training Program at Okayama University（２）

　岡山大学では，平成25年度後期より本格実施する教職実践演習に向けて，独自で通年開講する教育学部を除く7課程認定学部と教師教育開発センター（以降，センター）が協同して準備を行っている。平成24年度後期に教育学部以外の教職希望学生を対象に15講からなる教職実践演習（以降，全学教職実践演習）の試行を実施した。試行は参加学生へのアンケート調査や授業担当者の反省会で得られた意見より，概ね期待された効果が得られた。一方，試行に参加した学生が教育実習後と比較し伸びているのか，必修科目になれば教職を目指さない学生が混じるため試行ほど成果が期待されないのではないか，等の課題が指摘された。試行の反省を基に，平成25年度前期には受講生向けに「全学教職実践演習ガイドブック」を，40 名近くの指導者向けに「全学教職実践演習ハンドブック」を作成した。本稿では試行の成果と課題及び本格実施の実際について報告する

Electronic properties and phase transitions in low-dimensional semiconductors

We present the first review of the current state of the literature on electronic properties and phase transitions in TlX and TlMX2 (M = Ga, In; X = Se, S, Te) compounds. These chalcogenides belong to a family of the low-dimensional semiconductors possessing chain or layered structure. They are of significant interest because of their highly anisotropic properties, semi- and photoconductivity, non-linear effects in their I-V characteristics (including a region of negative differential resistance), switching and memory effects, second harmonic optical generation, relaxor behavior and potential applications for optoelectronic devices. We review the crystal structure of TlX and TlMX2 compounds, their transport properties under ambient conditions, experimental and theoretical studies of the electronic structure, transport properties and semiconductor-metal phase transitions under high pressure, and sequences of temperature-induced structural phase transitions with intermediate incommensurate states. Electronic nature of the ferroelectric phase transitions in the above-mentioned compounds, as well as relaxor behavior, nanodomains and possible occurrence of quantum dots in doped and irradiated crystals is discussed.Comment: 70 pages, 38 figure

ザイタク リョウヨウシャ ト カイゴシャ ノ ソウゴ コウイ ブンセキ : アル セキツイ ソンショウシャ ノ キガエ バメン ニ チュウモク シテ

Our purpose of this study is to describe a field of home care in detail and to explore the lay knowledge (or body knowledge) and the particularity of the home care. We research the field by interaction analysis. A patient ‘F’ who has paralysis in the lower half of the body and the left upper limbs, permitted us video recording of her everyday life. We especially focus on the scene of (1) “putting on the jacket” and (2) “putting on the gloves (and so on)” with the help of two caregivers (housekeepers) in this paper. As a result of our analysis (1), we find that the caregivers move as if they were F’s hands and that the movements of them are overlapped in about 2 seconds. We also find that there is about 5 seconds interval between taking gloves and putting them on (2). ‘F’ holds out her hands, monitoring the caregivers’ movements one after the other. The F’s body consists in the intercorporeality with the caregivers. As A. Nishizaka suggests ‘the body distributed’, the body counters the distribution though F's body seems to be distributed in home care

チュウト シンダン トイウ カテゴリー ヘンカ ノ ナカ デ イキル : ハッタツ ショウガイシャ ノ チュウト シンダン ケイケン ト ジコ タンキュウ ノ シャカイガク

There are similar characters between regional science research and developmental disorder research. The subjects of each field can be categorized into various types. When conducting research from the subject’s perspective, it is necessary, when connecting factors involved in categories, to treat matters related from the point of view of subject who are handling matters from their own strategic resources. Here is where the characteristics are similar between the two research fields. The present study considers the interdisciplinary overlap shared between regional science and developmental disorder research concerning the situation of undergoing a midlife diagnosis. Diagnoses undergone during midlife is defined as a diagnosis after the person has grown up, is able to self-select and mobilize resources and with the various resources conduct complex selections to accept or ease the impact of the diagnosed self. Thus, in the present study, interviews were conducted to investigate persons diagnosed in midlife with a developmental disorder. Based on the interview data, we clarify what strategies the persons developed upon diagnosis and how those particular strategies were related to characteristic of the diagnosed disorder. Following Fujimura, Masayuki’s perspective, we assume that contemporary society is a risk society In addition, we discuss, based on the hypothesis of the influence of a risk society, how to live or how to live after being diagnosed with a developmental disorder. As a result, we found that for those diagnosed with a developmental disorder, rather than the influence and effect of the diagnosis itself, critical is the influence and effect of the decisions of various organized systems of self-determination that are invoked upon the diagnostic. Furthermore, we found that there is a considerable differences in orientations of individual diagnosis and the reorganization strategies of living. However, this diversity represents similar characters of strategies of living in society with developmental disorders

Modular construction of mammalian gene circuits using TALE transcriptional repressors

An important goal of synthetic biology is the rational design and predictable implementation of synthetic gene circuits using standardized and interchangeable parts. However, engineering of complex circuits in mammalian cells is currently limited by the availability of well-characterized and orthogonal transcriptional repressors. Here, we introduce a library of 26 reversible transcription activator–like effector repressors (TALERs) that bind newly designed hybrid promoters and exert transcriptional repression through steric hindrance of key transcriptional initiation elements. We demonstrate that using the input-output transfer curves of our TALERs enables accurate prediction of the behavior of modularly assembled TALER cascade and switch circuits. We also show that TALER switches using feedback regulation exhibit improved accuracy for microRNA-based HeLa cancer cell classification versus HEK293 cells. Our TALER library is a valuable toolkit for modular engineering of synthetic circuits, enabling programmable manipulation of mammalian cells and helping elucidate design principles of coupled transcriptional and microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 5R01CA155320-04)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant P50GM098792)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1R01CA173712-01

制度的場面について : 緊急電話のエスノメソドロジー

In the first part (part1) ，we are going to illustrate what procedures sustain “proper emergency calls" inside and outside of the telephone emergency calls (119-talks). For that purpose，we analyzed the medical and fire emergency calls and their settings. The data were audio and videotaped at two dispatch centers in Japan from 1994 to 1995. First of all，following the studies by Don H. Zimmerman，we paid our attention to the inside of the talks. We found three features: (1) At the opening of the talk，the dispatcher asked the caller about the category of the emergency， (2) Both participants (caller and receiver) wanted to confirm the appropriateness (relevancy) of the emergency call， and (3) At the closing，almost every dispatcher said that a emergency vehicle was now leaving or had left already. Secondly，we investigated the video-data by referring to the studies by Jack Whalen. We found four important issues，which were useful for cooperative work within dispatch centers: (1) Dispatchers used item-line-up formats，(2) Dispatchers used some rather primitive communication tools，for example paper memo and white board. (3) Dispatchers were surrounded by well-integrated space-sound environments，and (4) Dispatchers take some particular body arrangements，including postures，to realize more collaborative works in the centers. By taking such procedures mentioned above， they accomplish and manage the emergency calls，and we may understand it is these procedures that construct the institutional settings of emergency dispatch centers. In part II，w e will examine institutional settings regarding the relationship between the (talk-in-) interaction and the institutions. Analyses of interaction are sometimes criticized that it is insufficient for treating institutions. However，we will note that the critics presuppose the interaction such a narrow way that it is limited at the micro-level. We would like to suggest so to speak the radicality of the interaction. First，we review the discussions in EM and CA regarding talk and institutional settings or the organization of work in order to examine this issue. Secondly，we consider another side of the problem that the concrete interactions which are observed in institutional settings do not accord easily with the nature of institutions which investigators suppose. After these examination，we investigate how the rules are followed or used by member as a part of skills informing their institutional feature

RNA structure-wide discovery of functional interactions with multiplexed RNA motif library

RNA構造のライブラリ化を通じてRNA 構造ごとにおけるRNA-タンパク質相互作用を大規模に解析するシステム「FOREST」の開発 --RNAを標的とする創薬に道--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-12-09.Biochemical assays and computational analyses have discovered RNA structures throughout various transcripts. However, the roles of these structures are mostly unknown. Here we develop folded RNA element profiling with structure library (FOREST), a multiplexed affinity assay system to identify functional interactions from transcriptome-wide RNA structure datasets. We generate an RNA structure library by extracting validated or predicted RNA motifs from gene-annotated RNA regions. The RNA structure library with an affinity enrichment assay allows for the comprehensive identification of target-binding RNA sequences and structures in a high-throughput manner. As a proof-of-concept, FOREST discovers multiple RNA-protein interaction networks with quantitative scores, including translational regulatory elements that function in living cells. Moreover, FOREST reveals different binding landscapes of RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) structures-binding proteins and discovers rG4 structures in the terminal loops of precursor microRNAs. Overall, FOREST serves as a versatile platform to investigate RNA structure-function relationships on a large scale