Pilot implementation of a leadership framework in the National Library of Medicine Associate Fellowship Program

The National Library of Medicine Associate Fellowship Program is a nearly fifty year-old fellowship program for recent library science graduates interested in developing a leadership role in health sciences libraries. The program has used a number of informal methods of leadership development including the use of behavioral assessments, mentoring, and meeting with senior leadership. In 2015, the Associate Fellowship Program Coordinator introduced the “Five Practices of Exemplary Leaders” leadership model developed by Kouzes and Posner (2007) and began a pilot program of a series of leadership exercises to formally reinforce the leadership development aspect of the program. The model was selected after reviewing a number of leadership models because of its clarity, and the presumed adaptability of the practices to professionals early in their careers. The model uses the practices: Model the Way, Inspire a Shared Vision, Challenge the Process, Enable Others to Act, and Encourage the Heart. The program used the participating cohort members to explore the effectiveness of the leadership exercises and to shape the program going forward. The leadership framework and exercises were successfully revised based on comments from the cohort

Occurence of Echinoparyphium Recurvatum (Linstow, 1873) in Chickens in Iowa

During August, 1951, two White Leghorn chickens about three months old were brought to the Diagnosis Department of Dr. Salsbury\u27s Laboratories because the birds were droopy and not developing properly. The death loss in the flock had been about five percent. At necropsy these birds showed enlarged spleens, congested livers and pale kidneys. A catarrhal enteritis was found in the jejunum and associated with this were numerous flukes. Unfortunately none of these were saved for identification. The flock-owner was instructed to move the birds away from the area in which they had been maintained and to treat the birds with a proprietary anthelmintic, WORMAL, containing the active ingredients nicotine, phenothiazine and dibutyltin dilaurate. The tetravalent tin compound has recently been shown to be effective against poultry cestodes, Kerr (1952)

Experiments and modeling of wettability alteration in low permeability porous media

Naturally fractured reservoirs contain a significant amount of global hydrocarbon reserves. In fractured reservoirs, the efficiency of water flood is governed by spontaneous imbibition of water into oil-containing matrix blocks. When the matrix is oil-wet or mixed-wet, little oil can be recovered by imbibition. Wettability alteration provides a possible solution to enhance oil recovery in oil/mixed-wet fractured formations. Different chemicals such as surfactants, enzymes, selective ions can be used to alter wettability from oil-wet towards more water-wet which can substantially increase the oil recovery. Understanding recovery mechanisms for these processes at different inverse bond numbers (ratio of capillary to buoyancy forces) and developing scaling rules are critical for estimating feasibility at field scale. Surfactants were identified which altered the wettability of a low permeability (0.03 – 0.23 mD) mixed-wet/oil-wet sandstone reservoir. Static imbibition experiments in the surfactant solution resulted in high oil recovery (42-68% OOIP) compared to 15% OOIP in formation brine. High (>240) inverse bond numbers for these experiments indicate recovery mechanism as counter-current imbibition driven by capillary forces. Numerically simulated saturation and velocity profiles on validated datasets were analyzed to study the recovery mechanisms. Velocity profiles indicate counter current flows with velocity vectors pointing outwards. Similar visual observations were made during experiments, which were captured through images. The saturation front moves radially inward with symmetric profiles at the top and bottom. An analysis of scaling laws for the capillary driven flow suggests that imbibition recovery curves do not correlate with traditional scaling groups (Mattax and Kyte, 1962; Ma et al. 1997). The scaling equations analyzed are for strongly water-wet porous media and are insufficient to explain the dynamics of changing wettability from oil-wet to water-wet. The recovery data shows that oil recovery varies linearly with square root of time. It was observed that the rate of recovery was higher for the higher IFT cases in experiments performed on cores with almost same initial oil saturation using the same surfactant, but at different salinities. As a result of varying the salinity, interfacial tension between oil/water is varied. To evaluate the application of wettability altering processes at larger scales experiments were performed on outcrop cores of different dimensions and at dynamic conditions. Surfactant formulation was developed which altered the wettability from oil-wet to water-wet on outcrop rocks Estaillades Limestone and Texas Cream Limestone. Using the surfactant formulation static and dynamic imbibition experiments were performed on cores with different dimensions and boundary conditions. It is observed that dynamic imbibition process recovers oil faster than static imbibition. Imbibition experiments performed on cores with varying height and diameter show that oil recovery decreases with increasing diameter and height. Study of numerically simulated velocity and saturation profile on validated input datasets established the recovery mechanism as gravity dominated flow. Analytical scaling groups for gravity dominated flow were tested considering pressure drop only in water phase, pressure drop only in oil phase, and pressure drop across both water and oil phases. The model with pressure drop in both phases captures the decrease in recovery with increase in diameter and height of the core. Sensitivity to change in oil recovery with change in height is fairly accurate whereas the model over-predicts oil recovery with change in diameter. A new space-time scaling function (t/DH) is proposed for surfactant aided gravity dominated processes. Data with same boundary conditions, rock, fluids and varying dimensions can be correlated with the scaling function at early times with no fitting parameters involved. A good correlation is obtained with the data from different studies indicating the effectiveness of the scaling function. The scaling is applicable to both static as well as dynamic imbibition cases. Corefloods were performed on cores from different reservoirs to study the effect of wettability altering surfactant flood in a viscous pressure gradient driven process (as opposed to capillary or buoyancy driven imbibition process). Incremental oil recoveries over waterflood were analyzed for different injection schemes. Incremental recoveries over waterflood of 16% and 11% were obtained for secondary surfactant flood and slug process (surfactant slug injection after short initial waterflood) respectively for carbonate reservoir 1. Similarly, incremental recoveries over waterflood of 11% and 7% were obtained for secondary surfactant flood and slug process respectively for carbonate reservoir 2. The incremental oil recovery due to surfactant injection is attributed to the favorable increase in the relative permeability values of oil as the wettability is changed from oil-wet to water-wet. Experiments indicate that surfactant performance at the reservoir conditions (temperature, salinity, heterogeneity) is a key variable in these processes. Despite the differences in these conditions, for both the reservoirs oil recovery is more in the secondary surfactant injection mode compared to the slug process.Petroleum and Geosystems Engineerin

Examining the role of MEDLINE as a patient care information resource: an analysis of data from the Value of Libraries study

Objective: This study analyzed data from a study on the value of libraries to understand the specific role that the MEDLINE database plays in relation to other information resources that are available to health care providers and its role in positively impacting patient care.Methods: A previous study on the use of health information resources for patient care obtained 16,122 responses from health care providers in 56 hospitals about how providers make decisions affecting patient care and the role of information resources in that process. Respondents indicated resources used in answering a specific clinical question from a list of 19 possible resources, including MEDLINE. Study data were examined using descriptive statistics and regression analysis to determine the number of information resources used and how they were used in combination with one another.Results: Health care professionals used 3.5 resources, on average, to aid in patient care. The 2 most frequently used resources were journals (print and online) and the MEDLINE database. Using a higher number of information resources was significantly associated with a higher probability of making changes to patient care and avoiding adverse events. MEDLINE was the most likely to be among consulted resources compared to any other information resource other than journals.Conclusions: MEDLINE is a critical clinical care tool that health care professionals use to avoid adverse events, make changes to patient care, and answer clinical questions

Examining the role of MEDLINE as a patient care information resource: an analysis of data from the Value of Libraries study

Objective: This study analyzed data from a study on the value of libraries to understand the specific role that the MEDLINE database plays in relation to other information resources that are available to health care providers and its role in positively impacting patient care. Methods: A previous study on the use of health information resources for patient care obtained 16,122 responses from health care providers in 56 hospitals about how providers make decisions affecting patient care and the role of information resources in that process. Respondents indicated resources used in answering a specific clinical question from a list of 19 possible resources, including MEDLINE. Study data were examined using descriptive statistics and regression analysis to determine the number of information resources used and how they were used in combination with one another. Results: Health care professionals used 3.5 resources, on average, to aid in patient care. The 2 most frequently used resources were journals (print and online) and the MEDLINE database. Using a higher number of information resources was significantly associated with a higher probability of making changes to patient care and avoiding adverse events. MEDLINE was the most likely to be among consulted resources compared to any other information resource other than journals. Conclusions: MEDLINE is a critical clinical care tool that health care professionals use to avoid adverse events, make changes to patient care, and answer clinical questions

Pilot Implementation of a Leadership Framework in the National Library of Medicine Associate Fellowship Program

The National Library of Medicine Associate Fellowship Program is a nearly fifty year-old fellowship program for recent library science graduates interested in developing a leadership role in health sciences libraries. The program has used a number of informal methods of leadership development including the use of behavioral assessments, mentoring, and meeting with senior leadership. In 2015, the Associate Fellowship Program Coordinator introduced the “Five Practices of Exemplary Leaders” leadership model developed by Kouzes and Posner (2007) and began a pilot program of a series of leadership exercises to formally reinforce the leadership development aspect of the program. The model was selected after reviewing a number of leadership models because of its clarity, and the presumed adaptability of the practices to professionals early in their careers. The model uses the practices: Model the Way, Inspire a Shared Vision, Challenge the Process, Enable Others to Act, and Encourage the Heart. The program used the participating cohort members to explore the effectiveness of the leadership exercises and to shape the program going forward. The leadership framework and exercises were successfully revised based on comments from the cohort

Toward an understanding of the epistemic values of biological scientists as expressed in scholarly publication

This dissertation develops a deeper understanding of the epistemic values of scientists, specifically exploring the proposed values of community, collaboration, connectivity and credit as part of the scholarly communication system. These values are the essence of scientists actively engaged in conducting science and in communicating their work to others. In studying the epistemic values of scientists, this dissertation identifies the research problem within the literature: the lack of an understanding of what the epistemic values of scientists are; and in answering that question, does so informed by the literature that community, collaboration, connectivity and credit are probable values (Latour & Woolgar, 1987; Polanyi, 1962; Cohen, 1995). Using a qualitative approach incorporating the concept of emerging theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1998) and the critical incident technique (Flanagan, 1954), the dissertation: 1. Explores the extent to which community, collaboration, connectivity and credit are dimensions of values. 2. Examines the inter-relationship, if any, of the values. 3. Explores the possibility of additional dimensions of values. The methodology uses semi-structured interviews to conduct one-on-one, face-to-face interviews with life scientists who are currently engaged in research and were writing or had recently written a peer-reviewed paper. Data are analyzed using a constant comparative process (Glaser & Strauss, 1967; Berg, 2001), with each interview informing the subsequent interview. The data are first open coded without regard to the literature-identified values of community, collaboration, connectivity and credit; then a second coding occurs, identifying themes from the first set of codes and viewing the data through the framework of the literature-identified epistemic values. Through a constant comparative process, data are coded and re-examined until a story line and themes emerge from the data. The epistemic values of community, collaboration and credit were all identified and interpreted from the data. The epistemic value of connectivity was not identified from the interview data, which may be due to a limitation of the use of a single method. Other epistemic values, not previously identified in the literature, were identified in the data: contribution and competition. Deepening an understanding of scientists' epistemic values within scholarly communication is critical to librarians and others engaged in collecting and managing scientific knowledge because the epistemic values shape and motivate the scholarly communication process.Ph.D.Includes abstractVitaIncludes bibliographical referencesby Kathel Dun