Out-of-plane Characterization of Silicon-on-insulator Multiuser MEMS Processes-based Tri-axis Accelerometer

In this paper, we discuss the analysis of out-of-plane characterization of a capacitive tri-axis accelerometer fabricated using SOI MUMPS (Silicon-on Insulator Multi user MEMS Processes) process flow and the results are compared with simulated results. The device is designed with wide operational 3 dB bandwidth suitable for measuring vibrations in industrial applications. The wide operating range is obtained by optimizing serpentine flexures at the four corners of the proof mass. The accelerometer structure was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics and the displacement sensitivity was observed as 1.2978 nm/g along z-axis. The simulated resonant frequency of the device was found to be 13 kHz along z axis. The dynamic characterization of the fabricated tri-axis accelerometer produces the out-of-plane vibration mode frequency as 13 kHz which is same as the simulated result obtained in z-axis

Variação sazonal dos parâmetros parasitológicos e hematológicos da garoupa verdadeira Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Teleostei: Serranidae) selvagem e cultivada em Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brasil

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Florianópolis, 2011O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da sazonalidade nas características hematológicas e parasitológicas da garoupa verdadeira Epinephelus marginatus selvagem e cultivada em Ubatuba, SP, Brasil. Foram realizadas análises hematológicas e parasitológicas de 159 peixes, sendo 20 espécimes selvagens e 20 cultivados em cada estação do ano. Pseudorhabdosynochus beverleyburtonae foi o parasito mais abundante, com as maiores intensidades e dominância relativa média em todas as estações. Neobenedenia melleni foi observado em todas as estações, com aumento gradativo do número de parasitos das estações mais frias para as mais quentes e maiores prevalências e intensidades médias no verão. Helicometrina nimia, com exceção dos peixes selvagens no verão foi encontrado em todas as estações. Pseudempleurosoma sp. e larvas de Contracaecum sp. apresentaram prevalências baixas e ocorreram em peixes selvagens e cultivados no outono e primavera, respectivamente. Os maiores valores no percentual de hematócrito em peixes de cultivo, contagem total de eritrócitos e leucócitos nos peixes de ambas as origens, redução no número de trombócitos em peixes selvagens e de linfócitos nos peixes cultivados, além das maiores prevalências e intensidades médias de infecção por N. melleni ocorreram no verão. No outono, ocorreram as maiores intensidades médias de infecção por P. beverleyburtonae nos peixes de ambas as origens, além da maior contagem total de trombócitos em peixes selvagens, redução no número de linfócitos e aumento no número de monócitos nos peixes cultivados. Estes resultados sugerem que N. melleni possui maior influência sobre as características sanguíneas da garoupa verdadeira quando comparado a P. beverleyburtonae e que altas intensidades de parasitos potencialmente patogênicos podem favorecer surtos de doenças em condições de cultivo desta espécie

A Perspective Around Cephalopods and Their Parasites, and Suggestions on How to Increase Knowledge in the Field

Although interest in several areas of cephalopod research has emerged over the last decades (e.g., neurobiology, aquaculture, genetics, and welfare), especially following their 2010 inclusion in the EU Directive on the use of animals for experimental purposes, knowledge regarding the parasites of cephalopods is lacking. Cephalopods can be intermediate, paratenic, or definitive hosts to a range of parasites with a wide variety of life cycle strategies. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge in cephalopod parasitological research, summarizing the main parasite groups that affect these animals. We also emphasize some topics that, in our view, should be addressed in future research, including: (i) better understanding of life cycles and transmission pathways of common cephalopod parasites; (ii) improve knowledge of all phases of the life cycle (i.e., paralarvae, juveniles, adults and senescent animals) and on species from polar deep sea regions; (iii) exploration of the potential of using cephalopod-parasite specificity to assess population boundaries of both, hosts and parasites; (iv) risk evaluation of the potential of standard aquacultural practices to result in parasite outbreaks; (v) evaluation and description of the physiological and behavioral effects of parasites on their cephalopod hosts; (vi) standardization of the methods for accurate parasite sampling and identification; (vii) implementation of the latest molecular methods to facilitate and enable research in above mentioned areas; (viii) sharing of information and samples among researchers and aquaculturists. In our view, addressing these topics would allow us to better understand complex host-parasite interactions, yield insights into cephalopod life history, and help improve the rearing and welfare of these animals in captivity

Sustainability toolkit for cephalopod fisheries: Cephs & Chefs Project

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Working Group on Resilience and Marine Ecosystem Services (WGRMES; outputs from 2023 meeting)

The Working Group on Resilience and Marine Ecosystem Services (WGRMES) is focused on promoting scientific cooperation for the maintenance of ecosystem services and social-ecological systems, ensuring the welfare of both present and future generations. WGRMES has been promoting and conducting assessments of marine ecosystem services (MES), evaluating changes in marine ecosystems in terms of values and/indicators through specific valuation tools. These values can be used for integrated assessments, fisheries management and trade-offs analysis. WGRMES work is linked to the following ICES Science Plan priorities areas: Ecosystem science; Impacts of human activities; Conservation and management science; Sea and Society. WGRMES assists the scientific community, stakeholders, and Member States to understand how policies, plans and programs affect multiple ecosystem services and different management objectives by guiding a selection of the best alternatives. The key activities of WGRMES during this ToRs cycle have advanced our understanding of quantifying the resilience of marine ecosystems and fisheries. This progress has been achieved through the development and refinement of the methodologies to account for different aspects of resilience, including: 1) indicator-based climate change assessments on marine fisheries; 2) identification of tipping points and regime shift and; 3) management and policy-related pathways for resilience in marine ecosystems and fishery. WGRMES has also highlighted the importance of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in providing Marine Ecosystem Services (MES) to improve human health, well-being and equity (Villasante et al., 2023). This effort is In conjunction with the ICES Working Group on Marine Protected Areas and other Spatial Conservation Measures (WGMPAS); and by providing information on the multidimensional valuation of Marine Ecosystem Services (MES) as a contribution to the ICES Working Group on Economica (WGECON), (Murillas-Maza et al., 2023). WGRMES has also developed an Ocean’s Benefit to People (OBP) framework aiming to link the IPBES Nature’s Contribution to People (NCP) conceptual framework with the blue economy, equity and the UN SDGs, promoting EBM approach for ocean sustainability and ocean governance/equity. WGRMES members have chaired and contributed to the ICES Workshop on ASsessing CAPacity to supply Ecosystem Services (WKASCAPES), advocating for the inclusion of information of MES in the ICES advice on Ecosystem Overview. WGRMES future works aims to continue to document resilience of MES; to review and document multidimensional valuation of MES; to document and analyse transformative changes in marine social-ecological services; to evaluate and document MES across different ecosystems, ECOregions and case studies in Europe and beyond; and to actively support the initiatives with the ICES Human Dimension Steering Group (HUDISG)

Disentangling global market drivers for cephalopods to foster transformations towards sustainable seafood systems

21 pages, 11 figures, 1 table.-- Open accessAquatic food systems are important contributors to global food security to satisfy an intensifying demand for protein-based diets, but global economic growth threatens marine systems. Cephalopod (octopus, squid and cuttlefish) fisheries can contribute to food security; however, their sustainable exploitation requires understanding connections between nature's contributions to people (NCP), food system policies and human wellbeingThe authors acknowledge the financial support from the Cephs and Chefs Project (https://www.cephsandchefs.com/) funded by the European Regional Development Fund (https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/funding/erdf/) through the Interreg Atlantic Area Programme grant number EAPA_282/2016. CP, TF, KR and DC acknowledge financial support to CESAM by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020), through national funds. CP acknowledges the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia research contract 2020.02510. CEECIND and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). SV and PP acknowledge financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (https://www.xunta.gal/portada) (RECREGES II project under Grant 1400 ED481B2018/017 and Grupo de Referencia Competitiva GI-2060 AEMI, under Grant 1401 ED431C2019/11)Peer reviewe

Global cephalopod market drivers

ICES Annual Science Conference 2021, online 6-10 SeptemberN

Ocean equity: from assessment to action to improve social equity in ocean governance

19 pages, 4 figures, 2 tablesInequity is ubiquitous in the ocean, and social equity receives insufficient attention in ocean governance and management efforts. Thus, we assert that proponents of sustainability must center social equity in future ocean governance, to address past social and environmental injustices, to align with international law and conservation policy, and to realize objectives of sustainability. This obligation applies across all marine policy realms, including marine conservation, fisheries management, climate adaptation and the ocean economy, in all socio-political contexts and at different geographical scales. Indeed, many governmental, non-governmental, and philanthropic organizations are striving to advance social equity across their ocean sustainability focused agendas, policies, programs, initiatives, and portfolios. To date, however, there has been limited attention to how to meaningfully assess status and monitor progress on social equity in ocean governance (aka “ocean equity”) across different marine policy realms. Here, we contribute to ongoing efforts to advance ocean equity through providing guidance on five steps to develop bespoke, fit to purpose and contextually appropriate assessment and monitoring frameworks and approaches to measure status of and track changes in ocean equity. These steps include: 1) Clearly articulating the overarching purpose and aim; 2) Convening a participatory group and process to co-design the assessment framework; 3) Identifying important objectives, aspects and attributes of social equity to assess; 4) Selecting and developing indicators, methods, and measures; and 5) Collecting, analyzing and evaluating data. Then, we discuss four subsequent steps to take into account to ensure that assessments lead to adaptations or transformations to improve ocean equity. These steps include: 1) Communicating results to reach key audiences, to enable learning and inform decision-making; 2) Deliberating on actions and selecting interventions to improve ocean equity; 3) Ensuring actions to improve ocean equity are implemented; and, 4) Committing to continual cycles of monitoring, evaluation, learning and adapting at regular intervals. Following these steps could contribute to a change in how oceans are governed. The diligent pursuit of ocean equity will help to ensure that the course towards a sustainable ocean is more representative, inclusive and justFunding for the process that led to this paper was provided by the Blue Nature Alliance via the Conservation International Foundation to WWF under the project “Developing Social Equity Metrics to Monitor and Improve Marine Conservation” (Grant #CI-114807)(NB & MA). SV, KR, NL & VR were supported by the EQUALSEA (Transformative adaptation towards ocean equity) project under the European Horizon 2020 Program ERC Consolidator Grant Agreement # 101002784 funded by the European Research Council. The French Foundation for Biodiversity Research (FRB) and the Centre for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB) provided funding to members of the team who are part of the Blue Justice Working Group (JC, JB, DG, NL, SM, NB). KR gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (Grant Agreement No. 101107839)Peer reviewe

Identifying sustainability priorities among value chain actors in artisanal common octopus fisheries

The United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science highlights a need to improve the way in which scientific results effectively inform action and policies regarding the ocean. Our research contributes to achieving this goal by identifying practical actions, barriers, stakeholder contributions and resources required to increase the sustainability of activities carried out in the context of artisanal fisheries to meet UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA) Global Action Plan (GAP) Pillar targets. We conducted a novel ‘social value chain analysis’ via a participatory workshop to elicit perspectives of value chain actors and fisheries stakeholders associated with two Spanish artisanal common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) fisheries (western Asturias—Marine Stewardship Council [MSC] certified, and Galicia—non-MSC certified) about their priorities regarding sustainable octopus production and commercializationOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Cephs and Chefs Project (https://www.cephsandchefs.com/) funded by the European Regional Development Fund (https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/funding/erdf/) through the Interreg Atlantic Area Programme grant number EAPA_282/2016. CP, TF, KR and DC would also like to acknowledge financial support to CESAM by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020), through national funds. CP acknowledges the FCT research contract 2020.02510.CEECIND. SV and PP acknowledge the financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (https://www.xunta.gal/portada) (RECREGES II project under Grant 1400 ED481B2018/017 and Grupo de Referencia Competitiva GI-2060 AEMI, under Grant 1401 ED431C2019/11). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscriptS