Combined treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor sitagliptin and elemental diets reduced indomethacin-induced intestinal injury in rats via the increase of mucosal glucagon-like peptide-2 concentration.

The gut incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the intestinotropic hormone GLP-2 are released from enteroendocrine L cells in response to ingested nutrients. Treatment with an exogenous GLP-2 analogue increases intestinal villous mass and prevents intestinal injury. Since GLP-2 is rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), DPP4 inhibition may be an effective treatment for intestinal ulcers. We measured mRNA expression and DPP enzymatic activity in intestinal segments. Mucosal DPP activity and GLP concentrations were measured after administration of the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin (STG). Small intestinal ulcers were induced by indomethacin (IM) injection. STG was given before IM treatment, or orally administered after IM treatment with or without an elemental diet (ED). DPP4 mRNA expression and enzymatic activity were high in the jejunum and ileum. STG dose-dependently suppressed ileal mucosal enzyme activity. Treatment with STG prior to IM reduced small intestinal ulcer scores. Combined treatment with STG and ED accelerated intestinal ulcer healing, accompanied by increased mucosal GLP-2 concentrations. The reduction of ulcers by ED and STG was reversed by co-administration of the GLP-2 receptor antagonist. DPP4 inhibition combined with luminal nutrients, which up-regulate mucosal concentrations of GLP-2, may be an effective therapy for the treatment of small intestinal ulcers

Origins of the Tokyo Stock Exchange: Path Dependence of Trading Systems

The histories of certain stock exchanges suggest that stockbrokers were already versed in the rules and methods of existing trading types prior to the foundation of these exchanges. This paper addresses the establishment of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) during the 19th century in Japan, with a focus on the extent to which the TSE’s adopted system resembled rules and methods already familiar to brokers. The majority of the primary brokers at the TSE had dealt with yogin trading, which involved the foreign exchange of Mexican and Japanese silver currencies. This paper finds that the evolution of the stock trading systems in the TSE is a case of path dependence in that it originates from yogin trading, and that the narrative that regards futures trading at Osaka Dojima in the 18th century as the prototype of stock trading is an case of the invention of tradition that has exaggerated historical facts

Effect of Environmental Change while Climbing Mt. Daisen on Forced Vital Capacity and Forced Expiratory Volume % in Young Women

The aim of the present study was to clarify the effects of environmental change while climbing Mt. Daisen on forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume % in young women in summer. Seven healthy Japanese women (age: 22.6 ± 4.2 years) volunteered to climb Mt. Daisen (1,709m), located in Tottori prefecture, in August. Participants\u27 expiratory forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume % (FEV_%) and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO_2) were measured at 4 points (Ground: 10m, Rest point: 780m, Summit: 1,709m, Goal point: 780m). The measurements were conducted soon after the subjects\u27 arrival at each point. The degree of dyspnea sensation was measured at Ground, Rest point, Goal point and at each station. There were no significant changes in FVC. FEV_% at the summit was significantly lower than at the Ground and Rest point. No significant differences were found in SpO_2 at each measuring point. The degree of dyspnea sensation at each station soon after the subjects\u27 arrival was significantly higher than those at the Rest point. The results of this study indicated mild airway contraction induced by stresses on the respiratory system from increasing exercise intensity during an ascent of Mt. Daisen

Electrical Insulation Characteristics and Mechanisms of Low Dielectric Loss Materials for High-Voltage HTS Cables

Toward the practical development of high-voltage high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables, high electrical insulation characteristics, and low dielectric loss become important. Dielectric loss drastically increases with the increase of operation voltage of HTS cables. Therefore, it is highly expected to find a novel insulating material with low dielectric loss for the high-voltage HTS cables. We have focused on Tyvek®, polyethylene (PE) nonwoven fabric, and Tyvek®/PE, a syntactic paper bonding PE-sheet on Tyvek® by heat, as low dielectric loss materials. In this paper, we investigated fundamental partial discharge inception characteristics and their mechanisms of Tyvek® immersed in liquid nitrogen (LN2).In addition, we compared the electrical insulation characteristics of Tyvek®, Tyvek®/PE, and polypropylene laminated paper (PPLP®), and discussed their mechanisms.journal articl

Simultaneous Visualization of Documents, Words and Topics by Tensor Self-Organizing Map and Non-negative Matrix Factorization

The purpose of this work is to develop a simultaneous visualization method of documents, words, and topics. The task of the proposed method is to map a set of documents to a pair of low-dimensional latent spaces corresponding to documents and words, by which the relations between them are visualized. In addition, the method also decomposes the mapping as the sum of topics, so that the topic distributions are visualized on the latent spaces. To achieve the task, we combined the tensor self-organizing map and the non-negative matrix factorization. We applied the method to NeurIPS data set, and the result shows that the method enables us to understand the tripartite relation between document, words and topics easily.2020 Joint 11th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 21st International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (SCIS-ISIS), December 5-8, 2020, Hachijo island, Tokyo, Japan（オンライン開催に変更

Pancreatic tumor insulin responsiveness

The aim : Pancreatic cancer, a rapidly progressive malignancy, is often diagnosed in patients with diabetes. The incidence of pancreatic cancer has risen dramatically over recent decades. Early diagnosis of this malignancy is generally difficult because the symptoms do not become apparent until the disease has progressed, generally leading to a poor outcome. To achieve earlier diagnosis, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of pancreatic cancer patients showing deterioration of plasma glucose levels while hospitalized. Method : Thirty-six cases were divided into 2 groups ; those diagnosed with diabetes more than a year prior to identification of pancreatic cancer and diabetes secondary to pancreatic cancer. These 2 groups were further subdivided according to the tumor site (head or body / tail), allowing analysis of 4 subgroups. Anthropometric measurements, laboratory values were determined. Results : Both groups with diabetes lost at least 4 kg and showed HbA1c deterioration of at least 1% within 5 months of the pancreatic cancer diagnosis. The post-meal elevation of serum C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) was significantly decreased in the group with cancer of the pancreatic head, and this was unrelated to tumor size. Conclusion : Characteristically, pancreatic head cancer was associated with decreased endogenous insulin secretion as compared to body / tail cancer

非虚血性心室性頻拍症の心筋病理像: 手術時切除心筋材料による検討

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博乙第1099号, 学位授与年月日：平成2年10月16日,学位授与年：199