Paranoid Ideation and Violence: Meta-analysis of Individual Subject Data of 7 Population Surveys

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Schizophrenia Bulletin following peer review. The version of record: Coid, J. W., et al. (2016). "Paranoid Ideation and Violence: Meta-analysis of Individual Subject Data of 7 Population Surveys." Schizophrenia Bulletin 42(4): 907-915.is available online at:doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw006.This study was funded by the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Program Grants for Applied Research funding scheme (RP-PG-0407- 10500). The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the UK National Health Service (NHS), the NIHR or the UK Department of Health. There was no editorial direction or censorship from the funders. S.F. was funded by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship in Clinical Science (095806)

The endogenous and reactive depression subtypes revisited: integrative animal and human studies implicate multiple distinct molecular mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder

The Genome-Based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression study was funded by a European Commission Framework 6 grant, EC Contract Ref: LSHB-CT-2003–503428. The Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London and South London, and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust (funded by the National Institute for Health Research, Department of Health, United Kingdom) and GlaxoSmithKline contributed by funding add-on projects at the London Centre. Dr. Uher is supported by the Canada Research Chairs program (http://​www.​chairs-chaires.​gc.​ca/​). RK is supported by an MRC Population Health Scientist Award (MR/K021281/1)

Research Based Teaching: Teaching Using Research or Learning to Do Research?

I learned that there was an enormous amount of literature on active learning. The books, journals, papers, and webpages were too numerous to count. The university education class was practical, so I was encouraged to experiment with active learning methods in my classes. It was very helpful to take this research-based education as it helped me to structure, vary and improve the courses. In fact, at one point I might have overdone the active learning part. I realized this when I saw the slightly desperate look in the face of one of the students when I announced yet another active learning method we were going to do. Clearly, when you want to improve your teaching it is important to find a balance and not to try too much at once

Cavitation in pulmonary tuberculosis: its prognosis and treatment

(1). Excavation occurring in the course of pulmonary tuberculosis is a serious complication as shown by the high mortality recorded. (51 per cent.). (2). The question of prognosis in cases of cavity is closely related to the type of lesion, and the outlook in First stage cases is very much better than in the more chronic Third stage cavities ... 46.6 per cent arrested as opposed to 18.3 per cent. The Second. stage group occupy an intermediate position with 28 per cent arrested. (3). Left -sided cavities appear to have a rather better prognosis than those located in the right lung ... 30.7 per cent arrested as against 21.3 per cent. (4). Bilateral excavation is of grave prognostic import. (5). Cavities situated in the lower lobe offer very little hope of a successful result, none of those in the present series having secured arrest or even improvement. (6) . Artificial pneumothorax as a method of treatment has been disappointing in its results, due mainly to adherent pleura preventing an adequate collapse. The results of this treatment might be improved by its application as soon as breaking down is detected, even in the absence of any gross systemic disturbance. (7). In carefully selected Second and Third stage cases, particularly where there is evidence of fibrous reaction thoracoplasty is more likely to produce benefit than any of the other methods of collapse. (8). Phrenicectomy is of limited value in cases of excavation as in none of these under review were the results of this operation alone sufficient to secure obliteration of the cavity. (9). Under general treatment alone First stage lesions gave the best prognosis (37.6 per cent arrested), while the outlook in the Third stage group with a figure of only 8.3 per cent arrested is disappointing. (10) . An uncollapsed chronic cavity remains a potential source of severe haemoptysis and of the 51 deaths recorded in this series ten (19.6 per cent) were the result of a fatal haemorrhage

Genetic variation in the endocannabinoid system and response to cognitive behavioural therapy for child anxiety disorders

Extinction learning is an important mechanism in the successful psychological treatment of anxiety. Individual differences in response and relapse following Cognitive Behavior Therapy may in part be explained by variability in the ease with which fears are extinguished or the vulnerability of these fears to re-emerge. Given the role of the endocannabinoid system in fear extinction, this study investigates whether genetic variation in the endocannabinoid system explains individual differences in response to CBT. Children (N = 1,309) with a primary anxiety disorder diagnosis were recruited. We investigated the relationship between variation in the CNR1, CNR2, and FAAH genes and change in primary anxiety disorder severity between pre- and post-treatment and during the follow-up period in the full sample and a subset with fear-based anxiety disorder diagnoses. Change in symptom severity during active treatment was nominally associated (P < 0.05) with two SNPs. During the follow-up period, five SNPs were nominally associated with a poorer treatment response (rs806365 [CNR1]; rs2501431 [CNR2]; rs2070956 [CNR2]; rs7769940 [CNR1]; rs2209172 [FAAH]) and one with a more favorable response (rs6928813 [CNR1]). Within the fear-based subset, the effect of rs806365 survived multiple testing corrections (P < 0.0016). We found very limited evidence for an association between variants in endocannabinoid system genes and treatment response once multiple testing corrections were applied. Larger, more homogenous cohorts are needed to allow the identification of variants of small but statistically significant effect and to estimate effect sizes for these variants with greater precision in order to determine their potential clinical utility

Chinese Economic Activities in Sub Saharan Africa: A Substitute for Europe?

This paper aims to investigate if the Chinese economic ties with Sub Saharan Africa serve as a substitute for this existing European-African relationship. Three types of economic activities are studied to determine a possible substitution effect: 1) trade (imports and exports) 2) foreign direct investment (FDI) flows; and 3) development aid from China and the European Union towards six African countries. Because natural resources, especially oil, appear to be a driver for Sino-African trade this study focuses on oil-importing and oil-exporting African countries. The group of oil-importing African countries is formed by South Africa, Ghana, and Kenya. The oil-producing countries are represented by Nigeria, Angola, and Sudan. We found that there is no Chinese FDI flows seem to be complementary rather than a substitute for each other, which then could lead to the development of African industries. Moreover, the combinantion of European and Chinese trade, aid and FDI could lead to the developmment of infrastructure, manufacturing industries, and the improvement of social-economical standards in Africa