A Study On Various Single Variable Control Charts

Teknik carta kawalan telah digunakan dengan luasnya di industri untuk mengawal proses bagi peningkatan kualiti. Kebiasaannya, dua carta kawalan diperlukan untuk mengawal min proses dan varians proses secara berasingan. Banyak usaha telah dilakukan untuk menghasilkan sejenis carta kawalan tunggal yang mampu mengawal min proses dan varians proses secara serentak. Control chart techniques have been widely used in industries to monitor a process for quality improvement. Usually, two control charts are required to monitor both the process mean and variability. Efforts have been made to use a single control chart to monitor both the process mean and variability at the same time

Intangible value in preserving the Sports Arenas

The UEFA European Championship (Euro) is among the world's most important sporting events staged nowadays. Apart from tremendous excitement among football fans, such a major event has a number of other implications, above all of economic nature. This is due to the necessity of preparing suitable infrastructural base, increase tourist traffic, potentially greater demand for labour etc. Despite growing interest in the staging of such events, the literature does not provide a straight answer as to the economic grounds for the submission of bids. This study, as one of the few concerned with the Polish circumstances, is intended to determine what significance should be attributed to stage the Euro 2012 in one of Polish host city. The aim of this study is to estimate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) among the community of the Pomeranian region, in connection with intangible benefits and costs stemming from hosting the Euro 2012 in Gdansk. A survey conducted among 407 respondents was the source of information. The results of the study show that the average value of WTPbenefit for the whole sample was 45,72 PLN2012 and WTPcost was 3,86 PLN2012. The aggregate values for the whole region was in terms of benefits and costs 396,6 million PLN2012 and 33,49 million PLN2012 respectively. The results thus confirm the existence of both intangible benefits and costs associated with the event. However, it should be noted that the importance of the net benefits is insignificant and does not compensate for the massive expenditure from public sources

Intangible value in preserving the Sports Arenas

The UEFA European Championship (Euro) is among the world's most important sporting events staged nowadays. Apart from tremendous excitement among football fans, such a major event has a number of other implications, above all of economic nature. This is due to the necessity of preparing suitable infrastructural base, increase tourist traffic, potentially greater demand for labour etc. Despite growing interest in the staging of such events, the literature does not provide a straight answer as to the economic grounds for the submission of bids. This study, as one of the few concerned with the Polish circumstances, is intended to determine what significance should be attributed to stage the Euro 2012 in one of Polish host city. The aim of this study is to estimate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) among the community of the Pomeranian region, in connection with intangible benefits and costs stemming from hosting the Euro 2012 in Gdansk. A survey conducted among 407 respondents was the source of information. The results of the study show that the average value of WTPbenefit for the whole sample was 45,72 PLN2012 and WTPcost was 3,86 PLN2012. The aggregate values for the whole region was in terms of benefits and costs 396,6 million PLN2012 and 33,49 million PLN2012 respectively. The results thus confirm the existence of both intangible benefits and costs associated with the event. However, it should be noted that the importance of the net benefits is insignificant and does not compensate for the massive expenditure from public sources

Genetic improvement of meat quality and fertility using the national nucleus

Knowledge is power and the National Swine Registry (NSR) is the only source of complete, publicly available, genetic records on nucleus populations. NSR has offered STAGES \u27, a BLUP genetic improvement program with bio-economic indexes for over 17 years. NSR members submit information on 3 sow productivity traits and 3 postweaning performance traits and in return receive across-herd Expected Progeny Deviations (EPDs) for these traits along with indexes for Sow Productivity, Maternal Line (sow productivity and postweaning performance) and Terminal (postweaning traits only) to be used in genetic selection. Not only is this genetic information available to members but genetic values and trends for these traits are also available to any commercial producer or genetic advisor. This program has led NSR members to make substantial genetic improvement for these traits within all four breeds. In addition, this transparent system allows commercial producers to design programs and select animals that allow them the greatest potential for their situation. As the pork industry continues ro change, multiple pork chains are forming to meets distinct specifications desired by subsets of consumers. To continue to meet the demand of these dissimilar pork chains, differentiated genetic lines are necessary to provide products that match their specifications. In addition, as profit per pig continues to decline pork producers must be able to increase product sold per unit of investment. To facilitate this key profitability indicator, the fertility of breeding females must improve. To address these two key drivers in today\u27s pork industry, the NSR has updated their genetic improvement program in these two areas