The Sociocultural Contexts of Attempting Suicide Among Women in Iran

In this study, we investigated the sociocultural contexts of suicide attempts among women in Iran. Fifty women who attempted suicide and were admitted to the two main hospitals in Isfahan in 2006 were interviewed. The main themes identified were family problems, marriage and love, social stigma, pressure of high expectations, and poverty. We observed significant sociocultural influence on attempting suicide among the Iranian women in this study. Based on our findings we conclude that the women in the study were affected by social changes and the interplay between traditional and modern values and attitudes. Understanding sociocultural aspects of suicide in Iran is critical in providing effective and culturally sensitive suicide prevention and care programs

Explaining the Challenges of the Iranian Health System in the Face of Future Aging: Qualitative Study

Objectives The goals of global growth of the elderly population and ensuring the health of the elderly is a global event and one of the most important challenges of the health system of countries, especially developing countries and Iran; In this regard, the study was conducted to explain the challenges of the Iranian health system in the face of future aging. Methods & Materials The study was qualitative content analysis. A total of 29 experts from various disciplines including geriatrics, psychology, social medicine, nursing, medicine, health and social welfare, health policy, health care management and health economics participated in the study. The data obtained from the semi-structured interview were classified by the content analysis method. Lincoln and Guba criteria were used to assess validity. Results In identifying the challenges of the Iranian health system in the face of future aging Two general concepts including policy challenges, including barriers related to planning and implementation, financial barriers, vision barriers, therapeutic barriers, Health barriers, educational barriers and individual social challenges were identified, including cultural value barriers, and individual barriers. Conclusions The frequency and variety of challenges of increasing the elderly population in the country according to the findings of the study indicate the critical state of the health system in the near future. Identifying these challenges can be used by policymakers and planners for any planning and action

Health Managers\\\' Perspective On The Challenges And Injuries Caused By Incorrect Medical Service Tariff, A Qualitative Study

Background & aim: Tariff is effective on equity, efficiency, quality and accountability in the provision of services and it can affect the availability and use of services. In our country, for several years, the tariff of health care is due to an increasing base and has not clear and defensible base. This matter creates different challenges in our health system. This study aimed to identify challenges and damages resulting from incorrect medical services. Method: This study was a qualitative study .Sampling was Purposeful and continued until data saturation was obtained. Research Society were 12 people of Health Managers of cities including Tehran, Isfahan and Tabriz, that in the purpose of the study, these people were investigated with deep interview. Analysis of the data in the present study was based on a thematic analysis. Criteria such as "reliable information", "trustworthy", "reliability" and "ability tocon solidation" of data were considered. Results: according to the findings, inefficiency of tariffs for medical services have caused challenges in the current situation that this damages were divided to three general categories and challenges, dissatisfaction, economic, and behavioral of Ministry of Health, doctors, patients and insurers. Conclusion: Dissatisfaction with stakeholders, especially health providers, the first factor is that a real so following other challenges including; economic and behavioral challenges. Challenges of incorrect tariffs and their Bad effects on the health system stakeholders are a warning to administrators and policy makers of this system, finding causes and attempting to fix the challenges. Although incorrect medical tariff is introduced as one of the challenges causes, but it is necessary in addition to that are note other structural and Rooty problems in the health system, as noted tariff reforms to fully be able to solve the created challenges

Explaining the Factors Shaping Two Different Beliefs about Cancer in Iran Based on Causal Layer Analysis "CLA"

20 million people currently have cancer worldwide, and by 2020 this number will exceed 30 million. Chronic illnesses including cancer make challenges and threats such as destruction of body, soul, insecurity, loneliness, and hopelessness leading many patients to lose their hope for their disease. On the contrary, some people defend themselves against internal and external stress by learning, organizing, and adapting to health, happiness, and meaningful life. They can overcome their stress due to cancer, and also will have full hope of a cured follow-up and regain their health. This article aimed to explain the factors behind the formation of such different beliefs that people with/without cancer have in their lives. The method of causal layered analysis (CLA) is considered a critique of the dominant beliefs and at the same time contradictory about cancer in Iran. For this purpose, existing scientific texts, documents, journals, articles, and literary sources that were available on the factors underlying the formation of different beliefs about cancer were studied and complemented the constituents of the lithium layers to metaphors. Cancer as a disease and as an endpoint of life are two dominant beliefs that constitute the most superficial layer in society. There are different layers underlying these two beliefs. Changes in traumatic beliefs that lead to harm to the patient and reduce the efficiency and effectiveness of health services to the extent that they lead to developmental beliefs require special attention to their constituents in various substrates. It has ideological and even metaphors of community

Midwifery students’ experiences of learning clinical skills in Iran: a qualitative study

Objective: To explore how midwifery students in Iran experience learning clinical skills. Methods: A qualitative study was used. Midwifery students from three universities in Iran participated. The study used a convenience sample of eighteen students. Data for this study was collected using semi-structured interviews (N=12) and focus groups (N=6). Data were recorded on a digital audio recorder and then transcribed. The qualitative data were analyzed using a content analysis approach. Results: Six broad themes emerged from the analysis: Limited opportunities to experience skills, difficulties with course plan gaps, need for creating a supportive clinical environment, learning drives, confusion between different methods, and stress in the clinical setting. Short verbatim quotations from the participants were presented to provide evidence for the interpretation of data. Conclusions: The findings of this study have provided a clear picture of the factors and mechanisms involved in learning clinical skills by midwifery students. This study showed that students had some difficulties and concerns during learning of clinical midwifery skills. The findings of this study suggest that midwifery educators conduct further studies to tackle these issues in clinical skills learning. The findings of this study are subject to some limitations which are discussed

Astudy of the happiness level among the staff of the faculties in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2009

Background and aimsToday for access to effective organizations, notice to the work quality factors is very important. The aim of this study is investigating the happiness level among the staff of the faculties in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.MethodsFor achieving this descriptive, survey research, with random sampling, we selected 144 persons among 401 persons of the staff of the faculties in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Data gathered with two researcher-made questionnaires are happiness, internal andexternal happiness factors. Validity of the questionnaires calculated with validity of the content and their reliability calculated with Kranbakh Alpha coefficients method. Analysis of the results accomplished in two levels of descriptive and inferential Statistics.ResultsThe mean of happiness scores and external happiness factors were less than the average level, but the mean of internal happiness factors were the average level. So, there are not meaningful difference between the mean of happiness scores and internal and external happinessfactors scores depend on education, experience, and work department, but men happiness scores are more than women happiness scores. On the other hand the mean of internal and external  happiness factors scores in married people are more than single.ConclusionNecessity of happiness investigating and their factors are both important for community and its institutions

Evaluating Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Citrus medica L. Pulp and Peel on Rat Model of Acute Colitis

Background and objectives: Citrus medica L. (citron) belongs to the Rutaceae family and contains several bioactive compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins and essential oils with great antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Since alleviating inflammation and ulcers have been suggested for these bio-compounds, this study was conducted in a model of experimental colitis.Methods: In order to standardize the extracts prepared by the maceration, total flavonoids were assayed. Colitis was induced by acetic acid in male Wistar rats. Rats received three doses (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg) of the citron's peel and pulp hydroalcoholic extracts for five days. Dexamethasone (1mg/kg) and sulfasalazine (150 mg/kg) were administered as reference medications. The macroscopic parameters including weight of colon, ulcerated area, the severity and indices of ulcers, as well as tissue microscopic features were assessed. In addition, levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured.Results: Total flavonoid contents for peel and pulp extracts were obtained 6.25 and 37.5 mg/g equivalent to quercetin, respectively. Both citron extracts demonstrated great anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by decreasing MDA and MPO levels comparable to the reference drugs. Administration of the citron extracts also significantly reduced colon weight as well as ulcer index, score, and area compared to the control group. In addition, pathologic parameters such as inflammation, cryptal damage and leucocyte infiltration were considerably decreased in rats received citron extracts.Conclusions: Both citron extracts showed anti-inflammatory effects on experimental acute colitis. Further investigations are required to suggest these extracts for colitis treatment in clinical setting