In vivo investigation of the tissue response to commercial Teflon insulin infusion sets in large swine for 14 days: the effect of angle of insertion on tissue histology and insulin spread within the subcutaneous tissue.

Objective: This study investigated the effects of the inflammatory tissue response (ITR) to an insulin infusion set (IIS) on insulin bolus spread over wear time, as well as the effect of cannula insertion angle on the ITR, bolus shape, and pump tubing pressure. Research design and methods: Angled or straight IISs were inserted every other day for 14 days into the subcutaneous tissue of 11 swine and insulin was delivered continuously. Prior to euthanasia, a 70 µL bolus of insulin/X-ray contrast agent was infused while recording a pressure profile (peak tubing pressure, pmax; area under the pressure curve, AUC), followed by the excision of the tissue-catheter specimen. Bolus surface area (SA) and volume (V) were assessed via micro-CT. Tissue was stained to analyze total area of inflammation (TAI) and inflammatory layer thickness (ILT) surrounding the cannula. Results: A bolus delivered through an angled IIS had a larger mean SA than a bolus delivered through a straight cannula (314.0±84.2 mm2 vs 229.0±99.7 mm2, p\u3c0.001) and a larger volume (198.7±66.9 mm3 vs 145.0±65.9 mm3, p=0.001). Both decreased significantly over wear time, independent of angle. There was a significant difference in TAI (angled, 9.1±4.0 mm2 vs straight, 14.3±8.6 mm2, p\u3c0.001) and ILT (angled, 0.7±0.4 vs straight, 1.2±0.7 mm, p\u3c0.001). pmax (p=0.005) and AUC (p=0.014) were lower using angled IIS. As ILT increased, pmax increased, while SA and V decreased. Conclusions: The progression of the ITR directly affected bolus shape and tubing pressure. Although straight insertion is clinically preferred, our data suggest that an angled IIS elicits lower grades of ITR and delivers a bolus with lower tubing pressure and greater SA and V. The subcutaneous environment plays a crucial role in IIS longevity, and the insertion angle needs to be considered in future IIS designs and clinical trials

Analysis of plant sterols and oxysterols in the serum of patients with sitosterolemia under different drug treatments

Sitosterolemia is a very rare inherited disease, characterized biochemically by elevated plasma levels of plant sterols and moderatly increase in the level of cholesterol and clinically by premature atherosclerosis due to genetic defects in either one of the two ATP binding cassette transporters known as ABCG5 and ABCG8. Oxyphytosterols and oxycholesterols may have implications in the etiology of atherosclerosis. In this work the effect of Ezetimibe as a first member of a new class called cholesterol absorption inhibitor was investigated on the level of oxysterols in patients with sitosterolemia. Ezetimibe was effective to reduce the level of cholesterol in patients with hypercholesterolemia and plant sterols in patients with sitosterolemia but had no effect on the level of oxysterols

THE EFFECT OF SEASONAL TEMPERATURES ON THE LEVELS OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN IRAQ

ABSTRACT: Iraq is one of the regions most affected by climate change around the world. These multidimensional effects of climate and pollution must be taken into consideration when estimating both climate and air pollution-related impacts, in order to develop appropriate health policies and measures to address both current and future climate and pollution challenges. The study was conducted in the Iraqi governorate of Salah al-Din, during the fall, winter and spring seasons of the year 2021-2022, with the aim of evaluating the level of pollutants in the atmospheric air for three regions: Abotuama rural area, Baiji oil refinery and the city of Tikrit.  The concentrations of each of the toxic gases were measured: SO2, NO, NO2, HCL, HF, TVOC, CO2 and CO, as well as temperatures. Significant differences were found between the study locations and seasons for all the variables that were tested, as Baiji refinery recorded the highest concentrations of SO2, NO, NO2, HCL, FH and TVOC at 3.5 ppm, 10.78 ppm, 7.475 ppm, 13.1 ppm, 0.8 mg m-3 and 15.25 ppm, respectively. The site of Tikrit recorded the highest concentrations of CO2 and CO, which were 1016 ppm and 29.85 mg m-3, respectively. While the spring season recorded the highest concentrations of SO2, HCL, TVOC and CO compounds, followed by the winter season of NO2, FH and TVOC compounds, the temperature rates were identical in the three study sites and during the fall, winter and spring seasons, reaching 30.25, 12.5 and 31 ˚C during the three seasons, respectively. The results of analyzing the relationship between temperature and pollutant concentrations showed that SO2, NO, HCl, and CO increase in hot seasons, while NO2, HF, TVOC, and CO2 pollutant concentrations increase during cold seasons. Keywords: air pollution; CO compounds; air temperature.   Efeito das temperaturas sazonais nos níveis de poluentes atmosféricos em áreas rural e urbana, no Iraque   RESUMO: O Iraque é uma das regiões mais afetadas pelas mudanças climáticas em todo o mundo. Os efeitos multidimensionais do clima e da poluição devem ser levados em consideração ao estimar os impactos climáticos e suas relações com a poluição do ar, a fim de desenvolver políticas e medidas de saúde apropriadas para enfrentar os desafios atuais e futuros do clima e da poluição. O estudo foi realizado na província iraquiana de Salah al-Din, durante as estações de outono, inverno e primavera do ano 2021-2022. Objetivou-se avaliar o nível de poluentes no ar atmosférico de três regiões: área rural de Abotuama, a refinaria de petróleo de Baiji e a cidade de Tikrit. Foram avaliadas as concentrações dos seguintes gases tóxicos: SO2, NO, NO2, HCL, HF, TVOC, CO2 e CO, em conjunto com as temperaturas do ar. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os locais de estudo e as estações para todas as variáveis testadas, pois a refinaria de Baiji registrou as maiores concentrações de SO2, NO, NO2, HCL, FH e TVOC, equivalentes a 3,5 ppm, 10,78 ppm, 7,475 ppm, 13,1 ppm, 0,8 mg m-3 e 15,25 ppm, respectivamente. A cidade de Tikrit registrou as maiores concentrações de CO2 e CO, sendo de 1016 ppm e 29,85 mg m-3, respectivamente. Enquanto, que na estação da primavera foram registradas as maiores concentrações dos compostos SO2, HCL, TVOC e CO, seguida pela estação do inverno dos compostos NO2, FH e TVOC. As taxas de temperature do ar foram idênticas nos três locais de estudo e durante as estações de outono, inverno e primavera, atingindo 30,25, 12,5 e 31,0 ˚C durante as três estações, respectivamente. Os resultados da análise da relação entre a temperatura do ar e as concentrações de poluentes mostraram que SO2, NO, HCl e CO aumentam nas estações quentes, enquanto as concentrações dos poluentes NO2, HF, TVOC e CO2 aumentam nas estações frias. Palavras-chave: poluição do ar; compostos de CO; temperatura do ar.ABSTRACT: Iraq is one of the regions most affected by climate change around the world. These multidimensional effects of climate and pollution must be taken into consideration when estimating both climate and air pollution-related impacts, in order to develop appropriate health policies and measures to address both current and future climate and pollution challenges. The study was conducted in the Iraqi governorate of Salah al-Din, during the fall, winter and spring seasons of the year 2021-2022, with the aim of evaluating the level of pollutants in the atmospheric air for three regions: Abotuama rural area, Baiji oil refinery and the city of Tikrit.  The concentrations of each of the toxic gases were measured: SO2, NO, NO2, HCL, HF, TVOC, CO2 and CO, as well as temperatures. Significant differences were found between the study locations and seasons for all the variables that were tested, as Baiji refinery recorded the highest concentrations of SO2, NO, NO2, HCL, FH and TVOC at 3.5 ppm, 10.78 ppm, 7.475 ppm, 13.1 ppm, 0.8 mg m-3 and 15.25 ppm, respectively. The site of Tikrit recorded the highest concentrations of CO2 and CO, which were 1016 ppm and 29.85 mg m-3, respectively. While the spring season recorded the highest concentrations of SO2, HCL, TVOC and CO compounds, followed by the winter season of NO2, FH and TVOC compounds, the temperature rates were identical in the three study sites and during the fall, winter and spring seasons, reaching 30.25, 12.5 and 31 ˚C during the three seasons, respectively. The results of analyzing the relationship between temperature and pollutant concentrations showed that SO2, NO, HCl, and CO increase in hot seasons, while NO2, HF, TVOC, and CO2 pollutant concentrations increase during cold seasons. Keywords: air pollution; CO compounds; air temperature.   Efeito das temperaturas sazonais nos níveis de poluentes atmosféricos em áreas rural e urbana, no Iraque   RESUMO: O Iraque é uma das regiões mais afetadas pelas mudanças climáticas em todo o mundo. Os efeitos multidimensionais do clima e da poluição devem ser levados em consideração ao estimar os impactos climáticos e suas relações com a poluição do ar, a fim de desenvolver políticas e medidas de saúde apropriadas para enfrentar os desafios atuais e futuros do clima e da poluição. O estudo foi realizado na província iraquiana de Salah al-Din, durante as estações de outono, inverno e primavera do ano 2021-2022. Objetivou-se avaliar o nível de poluentes no ar atmosférico de três regiões: área rural de Abotuama, a refinaria de petróleo de Baiji e a cidade de Tikrit. Foram avaliadas as concentrações dos seguintes gases tóxicos: SO2, NO, NO2, HCL, HF, TVOC, CO2 e CO, em conjunto com as temperaturas do ar. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os locais de estudo e as estações para todas as variáveis testadas, pois a refinaria de Baiji registrou as maiores concentrações de SO2, NO, NO2, HCL, FH e TVOC, equivalentes a 3,5 ppm, 10,78 ppm, 7,475 ppm, 13,1 ppm, 0,8 mg m-3 e 15,25 ppm, respectivamente. A cidade de Tikrit registrou as maiores concentrações de CO2 e CO, sendo de 1016 ppm e 29,85 mg m-3, respectivamente. Enquanto, que na estação da primavera foram registradas as maiores concentrações dos compostos SO2, HCL, TVOC e CO, seguida pela estação do inverno dos compostos NO2, FH e TVOC. As taxas de temperature do ar foram idênticas nos três locais de estudo e durante as estações de outono, inverno e primavera, atingindo 30,25, 12,5 e 31,0 ˚C durante as três estações, respectivamente. Os resultados da análise da relação entre a temperatura do ar e as concentrações de poluentes mostraram que SO2, NO, HCl e CO aumentam nas estações quentes, enquanto as concentrações dos poluentes NO2, HF, TVOC e CO2 aumentam nas estações frias. Palavras-chave: poluição do ar; compostos de CO; temperatura do ar

The Effectiveness of Using Changing Classroom into Small Arabic Community in the for Teaching Arabic Language for Non-Natives Students' in Speaking Skills and motivation in Jordan

This Study Aims The effectiveness of Using Changing Classroom into Small Arabic Community in the for Teaching Arabic Language for Non-Natives Students' in Speaking Skills and motivation in Jordan. The study sample consisted of 32 Students' from Latin Patriarchate School Al-Mafraq In Jordan. Researcher experimental method has been used for the appropriateness of the nature and objectives of the study were divided into two groups. Where the results of the current study, the effectiveness of the Teaching Speaking Skills and motivation for the benefit of the experimental group, presented a set of recommendations proposed and future research related to the topic of current research. And most important  Training Arabic language  teachers and instructors on how to use different Classroom into Small Arabic Community in their Arabic classes. Keywords: The effectiveness of Changing Classroom, Teaching Arabic, Non-Natives Students',  Speaking Skills, Motivation

Conception optimale d'un alternateur de faible puissance pour le simulateur de groupe turbine-alternateur d'Hydro-Québec

Dans le présent mémoire, un outil de conception optimale est développé puis utilisé pour la conception d'un alternateur de faible puissance faisant partie d'un simulateur analogique de groupe turbine/alternateur. L'outil de conception inclut une étape de validation, par la méthode des éléments finis, des performances aussi bien en régime permanent que dynamique du concept élaboré. Une revue de littérature complète est d'abord présentée avant de passer à une discussion théorique sur les notions fondamentales relatives au calcul électromagnétique. Une méthodologie de conception, basée sur un modèle analytique est développée pour les besoins de ce travail. Dans ce modèle analytique, les paramètres du circuit équivalent en régime permanent et le rendement de la machine sont calculés à partir des caractéristiques dimensionnelles et structurales de la machine. Le modèle analytique est ensuite intégré dans un processus d'optimisation multi-objets par algorithme génétique dont on a entrepris l'étude complète. L'outil d'analyse par éléments finis est tout d'abord programmé sous ANSYS puis appliqué à l' étude d'une génératrice synchrone de 120V A de la marque Lab-Volt disponible aux laboratoires de l'UQAT. La validité de cet outil est vérifiée par une très bonne concordance entre les résultats expérimentaux et numériques. Par la suite, l'outil de conception optimale est programmé sous Maltab® puis utilisé pour l'optimisation du rendement et de la masse de l'alternateur du simulateur. Un ensemble de solutions d'optimalité équivalente est dégagé et la solution à plus haut rendement est retenue comme concept final. Ce concept est ensuite validé par des analyses par éléments finis en régime permanent et dynamique et certains résultats sont comparés aux données du modèle analytique. La marge d'erreur à ce niveau s'avère tout à fait acceptable

Article Review: Biochemical Aspect of Survivin Hormone

A cancer gene called survivin is muted in cells which have undergone differentiation, but it is highly qualitative sample in the overwhelming proportion of malignancies. Over subsequent decades, there has been a lot of curiosity in it. Inhibiting apoptotic, encouraging mitotic, and increasing vascular formation while producing cytotoxic drugs are several crucial characteristics that define it is a good target. These processes, that together promote carcinogenic behaviour, cover the whole spectrum of carcinogenesis, encompassing growth, migratory, or infiltration. Survivin identification independently or coupled in blood and/or urine has become a diagnostic tool for prostate cancer. Furthermore, a number of researches showed that abnormal survivin transcription is linked to a poor prognosis or radiation/drug resistance. Early findings from approaches that target survivin in the treatment of breast carcinoma are encouraging. In order to clarify how this intriguing chemical performs such contradictory function, researchers outline its involvement in the detection, prognosis, as well as therapy of melanoma in this review. The IAP enzyme group, which includes the survival protein (SVN), stimulates cell growth or prevents apoptosis. As a biomarker for autoimmune conditions, hyper plasia, or malignancies, accumulation of Survivin is linked to these conditions. Increasingly acknowledged like a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), SVN has emerged as a crucial focus for the detection or management of malignancy

Scaling the development of large ontologies : identitas and hypernormalization

PhD ThesisDuring the last decade ontologies have become a fundamental part of the life sciences to build organised computational knowledge. Currently, there are more than 800 biomedical ontologies hosted by the NCBO BioPortal repository. However, the proliferation of ontologies in the biomedical and biological domains has highlighted a number of problems. As ontologies become large, their development and maintenance becomes more challenging and time-consuming. Therefore, the scalability of ontology development has become problematic. In this thesis, we examine two new approaches that can help address this challenge. First, we consider a new approach to identi ers that could signi cantly facilitate the scalability of ontologies and overcome some related issues with monotonic, numeric identi ers while remaining semantics-free. Our solutions are described, along with the Identitas library, which allows concurrent development, pronounceability and error checking. The library integrated into two ontology development environments, Prot eg e and Tawny-OWL. This thesis also discusses the ways in which current ontological practices could be migrated towards the use of this scheme. Second, we investigate the usage of the hypernormalisation, patternisation and programatic approaches by asking how we could use this approach to rebuild the Gene Ontology (GO). The aim of the hypernormalisation and patternisation techniques is to allow the ontology developer to manage its maintainability and evolution. To apply this approach we had to analyse the ontology structure, starting with the Molecular Function Ontology (MFO). The MFO is formed from several large and tangled hierarchies of classes, each of which describe a broad molecular activity. The exploitation of the hypernormalisation approach resulted in the creation of a hypernormalised form of the Transporter Activity (TA) and Catalytic Activity (CA) hierarchies, together they constitute 78% of all classes in MFO. The hypernormalised structure of the TA and CA are generated based on developed higher-level patterns and novel content-speci c patterns, and exploit ontology logical reasoners. The gen- erated ontologies are robust, easy to maintain and can be developed and extended freely. Although, there are a variety of ontologies development tools, Tawny-OWL is a programmatic interactive tool for ontology creation and management and provides a set of patterns that explicitly support the creation of a hypernormalised ontology. Finally, the investigation of the hypernormalisation highlighted inconsistent classi- cations and identi cation of signi cant semantic mismatch between GO and the Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). Although both ontologies describe the same real entities, GO often refers to the form most common in biology, while ChEBI is more speci c and precise. The use of hypernormalisation forces us to deal with this mismatch, we used the equivalence axioms created by the GO-Plus ontology. To sum up, to address the scalability and ease development of ontologies we propose a new identi er scheme and investigate the use of the hypernormalisation methodology. Together, the Identitas and the hypernormalisation technique should enable the construction of large-scale ontologies in the future.Northern Borders University, Saudi Arabia