Strengthening Institutions, Functions And Authority The Indonesian National Commission On Human Rights In Implementing The Protection And Enforcement Of Human Rights In Indonesia

One of the requirements of state law is the recognition and guarantee of the protection and enforcement of human rights, this guarantee should be included in the constitution in force in a country. To guarantee the implementation of human rights protection and enforcement is then required institutions of human rights protection and enforcement of an effective and independent in exercising its functions and powers guaranteed by the constitution. Powerlessness The Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights in resolving cases of human rights violations to the fullest is inseparable from the question of institutional models that still contains a number of weaknesses. As the issue is still weak independence, functions and authority, inadequate budgets, yet the strong position of the Commission in the state system of Indonesia and the number of members who are not in accordance with the mandate of the law. These issues make the Commission has not so strong when faced with the challenges and complexities of the issues of human rights in Indonesia today. Human Rights on the Second Amendment was included in a separate chapter, Section XA on Human Rights, which includes as many as 10 (ten) articles from Article 28 to Article 28j set out in the 1945 Constitution. However, it should be noted that in Chapter XA on Human Rights on the 1945 changes is no list of institutional/ enforcement institutions Human Rights or The Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights in it, whereas the habit of setting “chapter” in the 1945 Constitution will bear State institutions that govern them. Whereas in some other countries, especially in the Asia Pacific region, where their human rights commission has been set up by a special law, even in Thailand and South Africa is set directly in the constitution. Keywords: Strengthening Institutions, Functions and Authority, The Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights

Chaotic Behaviour in Some Discrete –Time Adaptive Control Systems

It has been shown that nonlinear discrete maps can display extremely rich behaviour and under certain parameter conditions to show chaotic phenomenon. This work looks at adaptive control feedback systems which can be represented as nonlinear discrete maps and shows how model mismatch can lead to undesired complicated and chaotic behaviour. Moreover that a discrete-time adaptive control system which can display chaotic behaviour can be extended into higher order systems and the results show that under certain parameter conditions, the higher order systems also behave chaotically. A generalised equation form for the eigenvalues is also given

Revitalising the Planning Commission

This paper considers the key problems confronting the Pakistan Planning Commission, briefly examines the essentials of planning for a mixed economy, draws lessons from the experience of countries, both developed and developing, that have formulated and implemented successful plans, and suggests measures to revitalize the Planning Commission. Some suggestions are put forward for continuous upgrading of the institution’s skills in the longer run. The paper also describes ways in which policymakers can learn from their counterparts in successful countries in the region

Total parenteral nutrition and carnitine supplementation practices in preterm neonates - results of a national survey

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityBackground: The goal of postnatal total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in premature neonates (PT) is to mimic the intrauterine environment of the fetus. Micronutrients are essential for optimal development. Although carnitine is present in human breast milk and is supplemented in infant formula, very preterm infants primarily receive parenteral nutrition, often devoid of carnitine, shortly after birth. Carnitine plays a critical role in cellular and mitochondrial metabolism. Preterm infants are deficient in carnitine as it is transferred from the placenta to the fetus during late pregnancy. Previously, our group surveyed US neonatologists in 2001 regarding carnitine supplementation practices and found that the majority were not fully familiar with the implications of carnitine deficiency and only 28% of preterm neonates on TPN were receiving carnitine. Since this study, recent research has emphasized the impact of carnitine on early weight gain and its neuroprotective effects. Objective: To determine current TPN carnitine supplementation practices in fasting preterm neonates (< 32 wks and < 1,500g) by conducting a national survey of board- certified neonatologists. [TRUNCATED

Kesediaan pelajar terhadap kit 'Smart CCTV' bagi pelajar teknologi elektronik di Kolej Vokasional

Penggunaan alat bahan bantu mengajar (ABBM) dalam pengajaran perlu dipelbagaikan bagi memudahkan dan membantu pelajar dari segi kefahaman yang mendalam dalam subjek yang dipelajarinya.Kajian ini ingin membangunkan satu produk Kit ‘Smart CCTV’ sebagai ABBM dan mengkaji persepsi pelajar mengenai kefahaman kepada pelajar terhadap topik Pemasangan Perkakasan Elektronik sistem litar tertutup televisyen (CCTV) dari segi domain kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor bagi pelajar aliran Teknologi Elektronik di kolej vokasional. Reka bentuk kajian ada dua bahagian iaitu reka bentuk pembangunan produk yang menggunakan model ‘Rapid Prototype’dan kajian deskriptif kaedah tinjauan untuk kajian keseluruhan. Analisis kajian ini menggunakan kaedah deskriptif kekerapan, peratusan, skor min dan sisihan piawai yang menggunakan perisian Microsoft Office Excel 2016. Reka bentuk pembangunan produk kit ‘Smart CCTV’ amat sesuai sebagai ABBM. Dapatan analisis bagi persepsi pelajar terhadap penggunaan ABBM keseluruhannya skor min ketiga-tiga domain; kognitif, psikomotor dan afektif, masing-masing mempunyai skor min 3.25, 3.21 dan 3.30, maka ketiga-tiga domain memberikan kesan yang sama terhadap pelajar berkenaan dengan penggunaan ABBM kit ‘Smart CCTV’. Hasil kajian ini diharapakan dapat dijadikan sebagai satu garis panduan kepada guru di kolej vokasional untuk menggunakan ABBM dalam PdP serta panduan kepada pengkaji lain untuk meneruskan kajian berkenaan dengan penggunaan ABBM terhadap pencapaian pelajar