Directional fluid transport along artificial ciliary surfaces with base-layer actuation of counter-rotating orbital beating patterns

The generation of metachronal waves of beating cilia is a complex mechanism when reproduced in laboratory experiments. In addition, local manipulation of cilia in larger arrays becomes non-trivial when the beating patterns are not unidirectional. Herein, a more complex pattern of beating cilia is studied, where the cilia perform an orbital tip motion and rows of these cilia are counter-rotating in a traveling wave-like actuation. Interest in this type of potential fluid transport results from technical applications where localized streaks of directional flow need to be produced and the speed and direction of the fluid transport is open to be manipulated. A simple solution is found to generate the corresponding traveling wave and beating patterns using a base-layer actuation of a membrane covered with artificial cilia. A device is built where such a wave is generated mechanically using a ball chain positioned below the membrane. When the ball chain is moved, the elevation leads to an orbital beating pattern of the tips of the cilia on top of the membrane. This beating shows characteristics of non-symmetric motion in terms of fast and slow motion phases in the orbital cycle. When the ball chain is positioned centered between parallel rows of the cilia and moved parallel to the rows, a well-defined directional fluid transport is generated in the gap. Micro-PIV revealed that successive traveling waves generate a steady streaming transport along the rows of the cilia as a combination of the fluid squeezing and streaming components. Changing the direction and speed of the ball chain is possible and allows the localized fluid transport in speed and direction to be altered. 2D Arrays of piston-like actuators in the form of a grid of balls may give further full control of position and direction of transport pathways along the ciliary surface. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry

Nurturing Children’s Health Through Neighbourhood Morphology

Among the key factors required for the adequate development and growth of children’s physical and mental health is the child’s outdoor activities. Master plans are inclusive and provide sustainable settlements when they accommodate and respond to children. An understanding of the child’s need for outdoor spaces will help build better public spaces thereby providing opportunities for better physical, mental and emotional health of children. This paper is an effort to explore those environmental settings which are conducive for their physical activities. It tries to uncover the spatial planning approach which can contribute to child friendly spaces. The study is an investigation and a comparative analysis of a planned and an organic settlement in an urban fabric; HSR layout and Mangammanapalya in Bangalore, India. A qualitative analysis of the various layers of the physical settings has been done. The investigations reveal how each settlement caters to and supports the physical needs of children. The goal is to make use of these findings in the future planning and design intervention of neighbourhoods. The findings for the planned settlement, HSR revealed the presence of amenities like parks, playgrounds and sports facilities which the children frequented. The organic settlement lacked the presence of parks but the street network pattern revealed a majority of dead ends which are used as play spaces by children. Increase in commercial use in the settlement of HSR brought about the threat of traffic and stranger danger which act as deterrents to the independent mobility of the child while Mangammanapalya because of its cul de sacs which discourage through traffic offered a relatively safe and sustainable environment for play and mobility on its streets. A child friendly route could act as a safe and interesting path for children to explore the neighbourhood

Researchers eye-view of sarcasm detection in social media textual content

The enormous use of sarcastic text in all forms of communication in social media will have a physiological effect on target users. Each user has a different approach to misusing and recognising sarcasm. Sarcasm detection is difficult even for users, and this will depend on many things such as perspective, context, special symbols. So, that will be a challenging task for machines to differentiate sarcastic sentences from non-sarcastic sentences. There are no exact rules based on which model will accurately detect sarcasm from many text corpus in the current situation. So, one needs to focus on optimistic and forthcoming approaches in the sarcasm detection domain. This paper discusses various sarcasm detection techniques and concludes with some approaches, related datasets with optimal features, and the researcher's challenges.Comment: 8 page

Magnetic & Spectral Studies of Co(III) Complexes with Malon-di-p-toluidide Oxime & Malondianilide Oxime

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Effective Feature Extraction for Intrusion Detection System using Non-negative Matrix Factorization and Univariate analysis

An Intrusion detection system (IDS) is essential for avoiding malicious activity. Mostly, IDS will be improved by machine learning approaches, but the model efficiency is degrading because of more headers (or features) present in the packet (each record). The proposed model extracts practical features using Non-negative matrix factorization and chi-square analysis. The more number of features increases the exponential time and risk of overfitting the model. Using both techniques, the proposed model makes a hierarchical approach that will reduce the features quadratic error and noise. The proposed model is implemented on three publicly available datasets, which gives significant improvement. According to recent research, the proposed model has improved performance by 4.66% and 0.39% with respective NSL-KDD and CICD 2017.Comment: Presented in International conference SACAIM 2021, 5 page