8 research outputs found
Wave instabilities of a collisionless plasma in fluid approximation
Wave properties and instabilities in a magnetized, anisotropic,
collisionless, rarefied hot plasma in fluid approximation are studied, using
the 16-moments set of the transport equations obtained from the Vlasov
equations. These equations differ from the CGL-MHD fluid model (single fluid
equations by Chew, Goldberger, and Low, 1956) by including two anisotropic heat
flux evolution equations, where the fluxes invalidate the double polytropic CGL
laws. We derived the general dispersion relation for linear compressible wave
modes. Besides the classic incompressible fire hose modes there appear four
types of compressible wave modes: two fast and slow mirror modes - strongly
modified compared to the CGL model - and two thermal modes. In the presence of
initial heat fluxes along the magnetic field the wave properties become
different for the waves running forward and backward with respect to the
magnetic field. The well known discrepancies between the results of the CGL-MHD
fluid model and the kinetic theory are now removed: i) The mirror slow mode
instability criterion is now the same as that in the kinetic theory. ii)
Similarly, in kinetic studies there appear two kinds of fire hose instabilities
- incompressible and compressible ones. These two instabilities can arise for
the same plasma parameters, and the instability of the new compressible oblique
fire hose modes can become dominant. The compressible fire hose instability is
the result of the resonance coupling of three retrograde modes - two thermal
modes and a fast mirror mode. The results can be applied to the theory of solar
and stellar coronal and wind models.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures, LaTeX, added explanations and references
according to the referee's suggestions, fitted to the style of "Contributions
to Plasma Physics" (now in press), corrections of some misprint
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF CANCELLOUS BONE TISSUE ADAPTATION APPLIED TO THE HUMAN MAXILLODENTAL SYSTEM
The bone tissue in different parts of the skeleton conforms to Wolff’s law: it aims to become optimal for the loading which acts on the corresponding bone; the bone is remodelling by means of osteosynthesis and resorption mechanisms. The modern problems of biomechanics demand research on the history of formation of bone structures in the course of time at both physiological and pathological loadings. Ever changing loadings of different nature have influence on development and functioning of the trabecular bone tissue. The mandible is one of the most liable to external and internal changes bones. Very often one has to deal with pathological changes caused by incorrect loading of different regions of bone tissue due to dysfunction of a dentition, a temporomandibular joint and so on. For example, the Popov-Godon’s syndrome which connects with tooth loss is accompanied by pathological remodelling of the surrounding bone tissue. Thus, the mathematical modeling of the cancellous bone tissue behavior in the human maxillodental system is one of the most topical problems of biomechanics and medicine. Trabecular bone tissue is a heterogeneous, porous, anisotropic material. Heterogeneity of spongy structure can be described by methods of quantitative stereology. At the same time, structural features of the trabecular bone can be described by means of the fabric tensor. This is possible to implement if there is both a constitutive relation which connects the stress tensor, the fabric tensor, and the strain tensor, and kinetic equations which describe the evolution of the fabric tensor and bone density. An initial boundary value problem on the trabecular bone tissue remodelling is stated. The effective numerical algorithm allowing to solve the problem is developed. This algorithm is implemented as a complex of problem-oriented programs. Verification of the model and identification of its parameters are carried out. All numerical calculations are performed using the ANSYS software. Trabecular bone tissue evolution is demonstrated on the set of model examples when the stress–strain state is changed. The results demonstrate different character of influence of changes of loading conditions on process of structure formation which follows from Wolff’s law.</jats:p
Analysis of Signal-Code Structures in the Tasks of Increasing the Energy Stealth of Radios
Статья посвящена анализу сигнально-кодовых конструкций для задач повышения энергетической скрытности радиолиний, включая исследование цифровых модемов и помехоустойчивых кодеров. В качестве основного критерия энергетической эффективности выбрано отношение мощности сигнала к мощности шума после компрессии сигнала на детекторе приемника при заданном его отношении в канале связи и при требуемом значении вероятности ошибки на бит для принимаемого сигнала.Обосновывается, что среди сигналов цифровых модемов наибольшую энергетическую скрытность в зашумленной электромагнитной обстановке позволяют достичь широкополосные линейно-частотно модулированные сигналы. Для этого проведено их сравнение с традиционно модулированными сигналами и с фазоманипулированными широкополосными сигналами.Для задач обеспечения эффективной радиосвязи в условиях предельного уменьшения мощности сигнала по сравнению с шумами радиоканала проведено исследование влияния помехоустойчивых кодеров на повышение энергетической эффективности радиолиний. Сначала выполнены расчеты для сигнально-кодовых конструкций, сформированных разными комбинациями типовых вариантов цифровых модуляторов и помехоустойчивых кодеров. В список цифровых модуляторов вошли следующие: PAM, ASK, PSK, QAM, FSK, MSK с разной степенью многопозиционности. Среди помехоустойчивых кодов были выбраны коды БЧХ, Рида-Соломона, Голея, сверточные, Хэмминга. Исследование эффективности разных их комбинаций выполнено на стенде National Instruments на основе технологии SDR с использованием готовых подпрограмм для модуляторов и помехоустойчивых кодеров, реализованных в среде LabView. Отдельно для обеспечения повышенной помехоустойчивости скрытных радиоканалов выполнен анализ и выбор параметров эффективности сигнально-кодовых конструкций на основе линейно-частотно модулированных сигналов. Показано, что наиболее высокая энергетическая скрытность радиолиний будет обеспечиваться методами комбинированного применения линейно частотно модулированных сигналов с помехоустойчивыми кодерами Рида – Соломона.</jats:p
