Natural and Anthropogenic Conditions of the Chemical Composition of Pit Lake Waters (Based on Example Pit Lakes from Central Europe)

The article presents a classification of hydrochemical types of waters in pit lakes. Although natural factors significantly influence the chemical composition of water, the differences between hydrochemical types are also determined by anthropogenic factors. The chemical composition of the water in pit lakes is primarily determined by the kind of rocks mined during the excavation, while secondary anthropogenic impacts can modify the chemical composition of the water. A multidimensional clustering analysis of the water was performed, which allowed three main types of hydrochemical reservoirs to be delimited for the pit lakes assessed in this study: a bicarbonate–magnesium–calcium water type ( HCO3–Mg–Ca), a bicarbonate–calcium water type ( HCO3–Ca), and a sulphate–calcium water type ( SO4–Ca)

Assessing the impact of laws controlling the online availability of 25I-NBOMe, AH-7921, MDPV and MXE – outcomes of a semi-automated e-shop monitoring

Aims: The indicator of availability has been used in the risk assessment (RA) of new psychoactive substances (NPS). This paper aims to examine the pre- and post-control availability of 25INBOMe, AH-7921, MDPV and MXE, which were assessed by the EMCDDA. Methods: Data were collected by a semi-automated software tool (I-TREND SASF) on e-shops in national languages (Czech, French, Dutch, Polish and English) that offered shipping of these compounds into the respective countries; frequency analysis was used. Findings: The number of e-shops selling these substances decreased between III/2014 and XII/2015 (except for AH-7921). Both increases and decreases were found on the country-level for all the compounds (except for an overall decrease for MXE). In one instance an NPS disappeared from this market in 2015 (25I-NBOMe in NL); 25I-NBOMe and AH-7921 in France and AH-7921 in Poland appeared for the first time in 2015 after they were put under control. The e-shops listing AH-7921, 25I-NBOMe and MDPV in XII/2015 ranked higher in terms of ‘‘popularity’’ than in III/2014. The IP addresses were more likely to be outside the EU in 2015 than in 2014. Conclusions: We found no evidence that national-level compound bans contributed to the changes in online NPS markets. Indicators of the accessibility, availability, popularity, and IP origin should be considered in RA. Data triangulation with street markets and the darknet is needed as well as more research into the ‘‘displacement’’ and ‘‘replacement’’ effects of control laws

Toward an Empirically-generated Typology of Weblog Genres

In their article Toward an Empirically-generated Typology of Weblog Genres Maciej Maryl, Krzysztof Niewiadomski, and Maciej Kidawa propose a typology of weblog genres based on empirical data, namely on the analysis of metadata and the study of blogs\u27 content. In Study 1 they explore 287 categories used by Polish bloggers to classify their blogs. The analysis shows that most categories are topical, but some could be useful for genre analyses. In Study 2 they analyse syntagma combinations of 2-3 categories assigned to 88 252 blogs on one of the Polish blog platforms. Through quantitative analysis and clustering 3 main groups are identified: public sphere, private sphere, leisure-time activities. And in Study 3 the authors present an alternative take on findings conducting a qualitative, non-topical analysis of 322 Polish blogs aimed at uncovering weblog genres according to their communicative purpose. In consequence, the following genres emerge: diaries, reflection, criticism, information, filter, advice, modelling, and fictionality

Fever in myocardial infarction: Is it still common, is it still predictive?

Background: Before introduction of reperfusion therapy, fever was frequently observed in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Little is known about this symptom during the widespread use of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). The aim of this study was to assess, whether body temperature is a predictor of impaired left ventricular systolic function in patients with AMI. Methods: Our cohort included 171 patients (48 women) aged 57 (51–67) years, admitted due to the first AMI with ST elevation treated with successful pPCI. Standard body temperature measurements were performed twice a day. Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography using the wall motion score index (WMSI) and ejection fraction (EF). The following inflammatory response markers were determined on admission: C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and white blood cell count. Results: Within 48 h of observation the median (1st; 3rd quartiles) peak body temperature was 37.0°C (36.7–37.2°C). A temperature above 37.5°C was observed only in 17 (10%) patients. There was no significant correlation between peak body temperature and any of the determined inflammatory response markers. WMSI was assessed at 1.3 (1.1–1.6), whereas EF at 56% (49–62%). There was no significant correlation between the left ventricular function and peak body temperature or determined markers of inflammation. Conclusions: In the era of pPCI and aggressive antiplatelet treatment, fever is not a common symptom associated with uncomplicated AMI and thus not correlated with left ventricular function and markers of inflammation

The influence of landscape features on nest predation rates of grassland-breeding waders

In Europe, lowland wet grasslands have become increasingly fragmented, and populations of waders in these fragments are subject to unsustainably high levels of nest predation. Patches of taller vegetation in these landscapes can support small mammals, which are the main source of prey for many predators. Providing such patches of habitat could potentially reduce levels of nest predation if predators preferentially target small mammals. However, predator attraction to patches of taller vegetation for foraging, shelter, perching and/or nesting could also result in local increases in predation rates, as a consequence of increased predator densities or spill-over foraging into the surrounding area. Here we assess the influence of taller vegetation on wader nest predation rates, and the feasibility of managing vegetation structure to alter predator impacts. Between 2005 and 2011, the nest distribution and hatching success of Northern Lapwings Vanellus vanellus, which nest in the open, and Common Redshanks Tringa totanus, which conceal their nests in vegetation, were measured on a 487-ha area of wet grassland in eastern England that is primarily managed for breeding waders. Predation rates of Lapwing nests increased significantly with distance from patches of taller vegetation, and decreased with increasing area of taller vegetation within 1 km of the nest, whereas neither variable influenced Redshank nest predation probability. These findings suggest that the distribution and activity of nest predators in lowland wet grassland landscapes may be influenced by the presence and distribution of areas of taller vegetation. For Lapwings at least, there may therefore be scope for landscape-scale management of vegetation structure to influence levels of predation in these habitats

Zawał serca współistniejący z udarem mózgu po wszczepieniu protezy aorty wstępującej z powodu ostrego rozwarstwienia typu A — jakie jest źródło materiału zatorowego?

Myocardial infarction as a reflection of advanced coronary artery disease is often associated with atherosclerosis of other arteries, especially renal, peripheral and carotid, resulting in chronic renal disease, peripheral artery disease, or stroke. Nevertheless, atherosclerosis is not always the only cause of those diseases. In this article, was presented the case of a patient with myocardial infarction and concomitant stroke probably caused by percutaneous coronary intervention.Zawał serca jako odzwierciedlenie zaawansowanej miażdżycy tętnic wieńcowych często współistnieje z miażdżycą innych tętnic, zwłaszcza nerkowych, obwodowych i szyjnych, które objawia się odpowiednio przewlekłą chorobą nerek, chorobą tętnic obwodowych oraz udarem mózgu. Niemniej nie zawsze miażdżyca jest przyczyną powyższych stanów chorobowych. W niniejszej pracy zaprezentowano przypadek pacjenta z ostrym zespołem wieńcowym — zawałem serca i współistniejących udarem mózgu najprawdopodobniej wtórnie do interwencji w obrębie tętnic wieńcowych

The effects of temperature and salinity on vital biological functions of the Antarctic crustacean Serolis polita

Effects of temperature rise (from 0 to +5°C) and salinity decline (from 34 to 30psu) on vital biological functions of the Antarctic isopod Serolis polita were studied in laboratory experiments. Behavioural reactions to food odour, as well as righting responses and reburying in the sediments, were measured. Both temperature increase and salinity decline impaired the ability of S. polita to perform these biological functions critical for their long-term survival, by lowering the number of isopods able to right and rebury in the sediment, increasing time-to-right, reducing locomotory activity and weakening isopod reaction to food odour. Significant interactive effects between temperature and salinity on time-to-right and time spent swimming were observed, with isopods being more vulnerable to lower salinities when exposed to higher temperatures. Some biological functions (righting, reburying) were more sensitive to temperature and salinity changes than others (swimming). In conclusion, our findings strongly suggest that Antarctic isopods are vulnerable to environmental changes, and their ability to cope with them is limited

The Hydrological-Hydrochemical Factors that Control the Invasion of the Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in Succession in Areas with Opencast Mines

Studies on opencast mines have indicated that the spontaneous colonization of excavations and sedimentation tanks by vegetation is determined not only by the substratum and the land relief, but also by the hydrological and hydrochemical relations in the exploitation hollow. Sometimes, biological invasions can also disturb the natural revegetation. Robinia pseudoacacia L. black locust is an invasive alien species that frequently colonizes sandy habitats. Thirty study plots were randomly established on four types of sites: (1) sandy sediments, extremely dry places located mainly on heaps of post-washer slime; (2) sandy sediments, dry areas that are periodically flooded and have pulp; (3) clay sediments, damp areas that are periodically submerged, and (4) the control, a forest with R. pseudoacacia in its neighborhood. A total of 94 species of vascular plants and seven species of mosses were found. The vegetation at the sites differs and the role of the black locust increases along the dryness gradient and developmental phase of vegetation. Older phases of succession resemble a forest in the surrounding area. It is a R. pseudoacacia species-poor monodominant stand that has been forming for around 30 years. A lack of trees and dense grasses favor the successful invasion of the black locust on man-made sandy habitats