Validitas Perangkat Pembelajaran Materi Ikatan Kimia Berbasis Model Pembelajaran Pemaknaan untuk Melatihkan Sensitivitas Moral Siswa SMA

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran materi ikatan kimia berbasis model pembelajaran pemaknaan yang valid untuk melatihkan sensitivitas moral siswa SMA. Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran menggunakan model 4D (Four D). Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan, yaitu perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan meliputi buku siswa, RPP, LKPD, dan angket sensitivitas moral telah memiliki validitas dengan kategori sangat valid. Hasil penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran materi ikatan kimia berbasis model pembelajaran pemaknaan valid untuk melatihkan sensitivitas moral siswa SMA

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Disertai Media Kartu Pintar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Materi Larutan Penyangga Kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Kabila

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan model pembelajaran NHT disertai media kartu pintar dapat mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa pada materi larutan penyangga. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah posttest –only control design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 1 Kabila dan sampel dalam penelitian ini yakni kelas XI MIA 3 dengan jumlah siswa 29 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan model pembelajaran NHT disertai media kartu pintar dan kelas XI MIA 4 dengan jumlah siswa 29 sebagai kelas kontrol yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional disertai tanya jawab. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan instrumen tes berupa tes objektif beralasan sebanyak 20 butir soal. Analisis data menggunakan kriteria pengujian hipotesis yaitu terima H0 jika thitung < ttabel atau tolak H0 jika thitung > ttabel. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh nilai (thitung = 4,43 dan ttabel = 2,003), maka Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) di sertai media kartu pintar terhadap prestasi belajar siswa

Analisis Miskonsepsi pada Konsep Hidrolisis Garam Siswa Kelas XI SMAN 1 Telaga

Siswa yang mengalami miskonsepsi pada konsep dasar kimia akan mengalami kesulitan untuk mempelajari materi lanjutan dalam kimia. Hal-hal yang menyebabkan miskonsepsi perlu diketahui sehingga siswa akan dapat dengan maksimal menerima materi yang diberikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah dapat menganalisis miskonsepsi pada konsep hidrolisis garam yang terjadi pada siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Telaga. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes pemahaman konsep hidrolisis garam dengan menggunakan CRI (Certainty of Response Index) dilanjutkan dengan wawancara. Data tes direduksi untuk mencari miskonsepsi pada siswa. Selanjutnya siswa diwawancarai untuk melihat bagaimana pemahaman mereka mengenai konsep-konsep mereka yang keliru. Data dari hasil wawancara direduksi untuk menghilangkan hal-hal yang dianggap tidak terlalu penting dalam fokus penelitian sehingga lebih dapat mengkerucutkan tujuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat miskonsepsi dalam setiap indikator pembelajaran namun miskonsepsi tersebut diketahui tidak berpengaruh kuat kepada siswa. Miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada siswa yaitu siswa keliru dalam (1) mengaitkan pengertian asam basa menurut para ahli; (2) menentukan asam dan basa; (3) mengaitkan pengetahuan ilmiah dengan pengetahuan mereka sendiri; (4) memahami bahasa ilmiah dalam kimia; (5) menggunakan perhitungan penentuan pH; (6) memperlihatkan gambaran submikroskopik garam dalam air; dan (7) mengaitkan pengaruh Ka, Kb, volume, dan konsentrasi pada larutan garam

Expanded Quality Management Using Information Power (EQUIP): Protocol for a Quasi-experimental Study to Improve Maternal and Newborn Health in Tanzania and Uganda.

Maternal and newborn mortality remain unacceptably high in sub-Saharan Africa. Tanzania and Uganda are committed to reduce maternal and newborn mortality, but progress has been limited and many essential interventions are unavailable in primary and referral facilities. Quality management has the potential to overcome low implementation levels by assisting teams of health workers and others finding local solutions to problems in delivering quality care and the underutilization of health services by the community. Existing evidence of the effect of quality management on health worker performance in these contexts has important limitations, and the feasibility of expanding quality management to the community level is unknown. We aim to assess quality management at the district, facility, and community levels, supported by information from high-quality, continuous surveys, and report effects of the quality management intervention on the utilization and quality of services in Tanzania and Uganda. In Uganda and Tanzania, the Expanded Quality Management Using Information Power (EQUIP) intervention is implemented in one intervention district and evaluated using a plausibility design with one non-randomly selected comparison district. The quality management approach is based on the collaborative model for improvement, in which groups of quality improvement teams test new implementation strategies (change ideas) and periodically meet to share results and identify the best strategies. The teams use locally-generated community and health facility data to monitor improvements. In addition, data from continuous health facility and household surveys are used to guide prioritization and decision making by quality improvement teams as well as for evaluation of the intervention. These data include input, process, output, coverage, implementation practice, and client satisfaction indicators in both intervention and comparison districts. Thus, intervention districts receive quality management and continuous surveys, and comparison districts-only continuous surveys. EQUIP is a district-scale, proof-of-concept study that evaluates a quality management approach for maternal and newborn health including communities, health facilities, and district health managers, supported by high-quality data from independent continuous household and health facility surveys. The study will generate robust evidence about the effectiveness of quality management and will inform future nationwide implementation approaches for health system strengthening in low-resource settings

Factors influencing success in quality-improvement collaboratives: development and psychometric testing of an instrument

Contains fulltext : 88630.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: To increase the effectiveness of quality-improvement collaboratives (QICs), it is important to explore factors that potentially influence their outcomes. For this purpose, we have developed and tested the psychometric properties of an instrument that aims to identify the features that may enhance the quality and impact of collaborative quality-improvement approaches. The instrument can be used as a measurement instrument to retrospectively collect information about perceived determinants of success. In addition, it can be prospectively applied as a checklist to guide initiators, facilitators, and participants of QICs, with information about how to perform or participate in a collaborative with theoretically optimal chances of success. Such information can be used to improve collaboratives. METHODS: We developed an instrument with content validity based on literature and the opinions of QIC experts. We collected data from 144 healthcare professionals in 44 multidisciplinary improvement teams participating in two QICs and used exploratory factor analysis to assess the construct validity. We used Cronbach's alpha to ascertain the internal consistency. RESULTS: The 50-item instrument we developed reflected expert-opinion-based determinants of success in a QIC. We deleted nine items after item reduction. On the basis of the factor analysis results, one item was dropped, which resulted in a 40-item questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis showed that a three-factor model provided the best fit. The components were labeled 'sufficient expert team support', 'effective multidisciplinary teamwork', and 'helpful collaborative processes'. Internal consistency reliability was excellent (alphas between .85 and .89). CONCLUSIONS: This newly developed instrument seems a promising tool for providing healthcare workers and policy makers with useful information about determinants of success in QICs. The psychometric properties of the instrument are satisfactory and warrant application either as an objective measure or as a checklist

Urinary Ethyl Glucuronide Can Be Used as a Biomarker of Habitual Alcohol Consumption in the General Population

BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption is a frequently studied risk factor for chronic diseases, but many studies are hampered by self-report of alcohol consumption. The urinary metabolite ethyl glucuronide (EtG), reflecting alcohol consumption during the past 72 h, is a promising objective marker, but population data are lacking. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of EtG as a marker for habitual alcohol consumption compared with self-report and other biomarkers in the general population. METHODS: Among 6211 participants in the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) cohort, EtG concentrations were measured in 24-h urine samples. EtG was considered positive when concentrations were ≥100 ng/mL. Habitual alcohol consumption was self-reported by questionnaire (categories: no/almost never, 1-4 units per month, 2-7 units per week, 1-3 units per day or ≥4 units per day). Plasma HDL cholesterol concentration, erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined as indirect biomarkers of alcohol consumption. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and proportions of agreement between reported consumption and EtG were calculated. To test the agreement of EtG concentration and alcohol consumption in categories, linear regression analysis was performed. In addition, the association between EtG concentrations and indirect biomarkers was analyzed. RESULTS: Mean age was 53.7 y, and 52.9% of participants men. Of the self-reported abstainers, 92.3% had an EtG concentration <100 ng/mL. Sensitivity was 66.3%, positive predictive value was 96.3%, and negative predictive value was 47.4%. The proportion of positive agreement was 78.5%, and the proportion of negative agreement was 62.7%. EtG concentrations were linearly associated with higher categories of alcohol consumption (P-trend < 0.001), adjusted for age, sex, and renal function. EtG was positively related to MCV, HDL cholesterol, and GGT but not to AST and ALT concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that urinary EtG is in reasonable agreement with self-reported alcohol consumption and therefore can be used as an objective marker of habitual alcohol consumption in the general population

The implementation of a translational study involving a primary care based behavioral program to improve blood pressure control: The HTN-IMPROVE study protocol (01295)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite the impact of hypertension and widely accepted target values for blood pressure (BP), interventions to improve BP control have had limited success.</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>We describe the design of a 'translational' study that examines the implementation, impact, sustainability, and cost of an evidence-based nurse-delivered tailored behavioral self-management intervention to improve BP control as it moves from a research context to healthcare delivery. The study addresses four specific aims: assess the implementation of an evidence-based behavioral self-management intervention to improve BP levels; evaluate the clinical impact of the intervention as it is implemented; assess organizational factors associated with the sustainability of the intervention; and assess the cost of implementing and sustaining the intervention.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The project involves three geographically diverse VA intervention facilities and nine control sites. We first conduct an evaluation of barriers and facilitators for implementing the intervention at intervention sites. We examine the impact of the intervention by comparing 12-month pre/post changes in BP control between patients in intervention sites versus patients in the matched control sites. Next, we examine the sustainability of the intervention and organizational factors facilitating or hindering the sustained implementation. Finally, we examine the costs of intervention implementation. Key outcomes are acceptability and costs of the program, as well as changes in BP. Outcomes will be assessed using mixed methods (<it>e.g</it>., qualitative analyses--pattern matching; quantitative methods--linear mixed models).</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The study results will provide information about the challenges and costs to implement and sustain the intervention, and what clinical impact can be expected.</p