Cardiovascular Remodeling Experienced by Real-World, Unsupervised, Young Novice Marathon Runners.

Aims: Marathon running is a popular ambition in modern societies inclusive of non-athletes. Previous studies have highlighted concerning transient myocardial dysfunction and biomarker release immediately after the race. Whether this method of increasing physical activity is beneficial or harmful remains a matter of debate. We examine in detail the real-world cardiovascular remodeling response following competition in a first marathon. Methods: Sixty-eight novice marathon runners (36 men and 32 women) aged 30 ± 3 years were investigated 6 months before and 2 weeks after the 2016 London Marathon race in a prospective observational study. Evaluation included electrocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Results: After 17 weeks unsupervised marathon training, runners revealed a symmetrical, eccentric remodeling response with 3-5% increases in left and right ventricular cavity sizes, respectively. Blood pressure (BP) fell by 4/2 mmHg (P < 0.01) with reduction in arterial stiffness, despite only 11% demonstrating a clinically meaningful improvement in peak oxygen consumption with an overall non-significant 0.4 ml/min/kg increase in peak oxygen consumption (P = 0.14). Conclusion: In the absence of supervised training, exercise-induced cardiovascular remodeling in real-world novice marathon runners is more modest than previously described and occurs even without improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness. The responses are similar in men and women, who experience a beneficial BP reduction and no evidence of myocardial fibrosis or persistent edema, when achieving average finishing times

Right atrial thrombus from inferior vena cava after acute cardiotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil

We reported a case of large right atrial thrombus which migrated from the inferior vena cava after acute left ventricular dysfunction due to 5-Fluorouracil cardiotoxicity. The patient had recurrent episodes of chest pain and dyspnea suggestive of pulmonary thromboembolism and several days later control echocardiography showed that the right atrial thrombus had disappeared. The patient was discharged with oral anticoagulant therapy with no further clinical sequele during an 11 month period but died because of progression of metastatic processes. We hypothesized that initial congestive heart failure had been a provocative factor for thromboembolic events from previous thrombus formation at the inferior vena cava. (Cardiol J 2008; 15: 284-285

Skrzeplina z żyły głównej dolnej w prawym przedsionku jako następstwo ostrego uszkodzenia serca po leczeniu 5-fluorouracylem

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono przypadek pacjentki z dużą skrzepliną w prawym przedsionku. Skrzeplina przemieściła się tam z żyły głównej dolnej w następstwie ostrych zaburzeń funkcji lewej komory spowodowanych kardiotoksycznością 5-fluorouracylu. U chorej występowały nawracające epizody bólu w klatce piersiowej i duszności, sugerujące zatorowość płucną. W kontrolnym badaniu echokardiograficznym wykonanym kilka dni później wykazano, że skrzeplina w prawym przedsionku zniknęła. Chorą wypisano do domu z zaleceniem przyjmowania doustnych leków przeciwkrzepliwych. Przez kolejne 11 miesięcy nie zaobserwowano żadnych powikłań, ale pacjentka zmarła z powodu uogólnionej choroby nowotworowej. Prawdopodobnie początkowo stwierdzona zastoinowa niewydolność serca była czynnikiem wyzwalającym incydenty zakrzepowo-zatorowe w związku z wcześniejszym tworzeniem się skrzeplin w żyle głównej dolnej

Sex differences in the correlation between lipids related to cardiovascular risk factors and small dense LDL particles in patients with type 2 diabetes

ABSTRACT Objective Sex differences in lipid metabolism associated with prevalent small dense (S-) low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol particles are not elucidated. An LDL to apolipoprotein B (ApoB) ratio < 1.2 can estimate how prevalent S-LDL particles are and, thus, reflect cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sex distribution of LDL/ApoB ratio among patients with type 2 diabetes (DM) and to assess, in both sexes, the correlations between key lipid parameters and LDL/ApoB < 1.2. Subjects and methods The study included 190 Caucasian participants (mean age 51.8 ± 6.4 years) with DM (DM group) or without DM (control group) divided into subgroups according to sex. The participants were examined for levels of several lipid parameters, selected lipid-related oxidative stress markers, and estimated S-LDL prevalence. Results An LDL/ApoB < 1.2 (p < 0.05) was observed in 67% of male and female patients with DM. Although triglyceride levels did not differ between men and women, women had higher levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.01) than men. Among women with LDL/ApoB < 1.2, strong correlations were observed between values of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and atherogenic index of plasma (p < 0.005) and between levels of triglycerides and LOOH (p < 0.005) and ApoB (p < 0.0001). Conclusions The findings indicate that women with LDL/ApoB < 1.2 tend to have a higher cardiovascular risk than men. Additionally, LDL/ApoB < 1.2 can be a surrogate marker for estimating the S-LDL prevalence in individuals with potentially increased cardiovascular risk

Supernumerary teeth extraction as a pre-therapy of planned orthodontic treatment

Supernumerary teeth are extra teeth in comparison to normal dentition. It is more common in the central region of the upper or lower jaw. Morphologically, mesiodens may have heterogeneous forms. Three common types; namely, conical or peg shaped, tuberculate and supplemental (tooth like) have been reported, of which the conical form is the most common type The aim of this paper, through two case reports, is to show the anomalies that can be caused by supernumerary teeth and the preparation of the patient for future orthodontic therapy. Case report: Through the presentation of two cases, we show how mesiodens is the cause of medial diastema.The clinical and X- Ray examinations confirmed the diagnosis. Thesurgical interventions were performmed under local anesthesia for pulling out the supernumerary tooth. The extractions were made to prepare the patient for future orthodontic therapy. Conclusion: Since mesiodens may cause orthodontic anomalies, regular clinical examinations and follow�up visits are recommended. Early diagnosis of a mesiodens minimizes treatment needs for orthodontic therapy

Pain in the orofacial region and dentistry

The objective of this paper is to emphasize the, physiology of orofacial pain in dentistry, different definition of pain, particularly of the acute and chronic pain pathway. One important aspect of pain is nociception, which is a complex series of electrochemical events that occur between the site of tissue damage and the perception of pain, consists of four processes: transduction, transmission, modulation, perceptions. This article will also focus on differences of acute and chronic pain. Key words: dentistry, orofacial pain, pain

Cardiometabolic improvements, sleep apnea reduction, and biomarker modulation under dual GLP-1RA and SGLT2i therapy: a prospective study

This prospective cohort study explored the cardiometabolic, sleep-related, and biomarker effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), and their combination in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The findings revealed that therapies including GLP-1RA – either alone or in combination – consistently improved sleep apnea severity, inflammatory and glycemic biomarkers, and right ventricular–pulmonary arterial coupling. In contrast, SGLT2i monotherapy had modest effects in these domains. Notably, the addition of SGLT2i to GLP-1RA did not yield substantial additive benefits regarding sleep-related or inflammatory parameters, suggesting a dominant role of GLP-1RA. These results underscore the clinical relevance of GLP-1RA-based therapies in patients with multimorbid cardiometabolic conditions, particularly in targeting systemic inflammation and obstructive sleep apnea, both of which are critical yet often overlooked contributors to adverse outcomes in HFpEF

Anticoagulant selection in relation to the SAMe-TT2R2 score in patients with atrial fibrillation. the GLORIA-AF registry

Aim: The SAMe-TT2R2 score helps identify patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) likely to have poor anticoagulation control during anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and those with scores &gt;2 might be better managed with a target-specific oral anticoagulant (NOAC). We hypothesized that in clinical practice, VKAs may be prescribed less frequently to patients with AF and SAMe-TT2R2 scores &gt;2 than to patients with lower scores. Methods and results: We analyzed the Phase III dataset of the Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA-AF), a large, global, prospective global registry of patients with newly diagnosed AF and ≥1 stroke risk factor. We compared baseline clinical characteristics and antithrombotic prescriptions to determine the probability of the VKA prescription among anticoagulated patients with the baseline SAMe-TT2R2 score &gt;2 and ≤ 2. Among 17,465 anticoagulated patients with AF, 4,828 (27.6%) patients were prescribed VKA and 12,637 (72.4%) patients an NOAC: 11,884 (68.0%) patients had SAMe-TT2R2 scores 0-2 and 5,581 (32.0%) patients had scores &gt;2. The proportion of patients prescribed VKA was 28.0% among patients with SAMe-TT2R2 scores &gt;2 and 27.5% in those with scores ≤2. Conclusions: The lack of a clear association between the SAMe-TT2R2 score and anticoagulant selection may be attributed to the relative efficacy and safety profiles between NOACs and VKAs as well as to the absence of trial evidence that an SAMe-TT2R2-guided strategy for the selection of the type of anticoagulation in NVAF patients has an impact on clinical outcomes of efficacy and safety. The latter hypothesis is currently being tested in a randomized controlled trial. Clinical trial registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov//Unique identifier: NCT01937377, NCT01468701, and NCT01671007

Patterns of oral anticoagulant use and outcomes in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation: a post-hoc analysis from the GLORIA-AF Registry

Background: Previous studies suggested potential ethnic differences in the management and outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aim to analyse oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescription, discontinuation, and risk of adverse outcomes in Asian patients with AF, using data from a global prospective cohort study. Methods: From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase II–III (November 2011–December 2014 for Phase II, and January 2014–December 2016 for Phase III), we analysed patients according to their self-reported ethnicity (Asian vs. non-Asian), as well as according to Asian subgroups (Chinese, Japanese, Korean and other Asian). Logistic regression was used to analyse OAC prescription, while the risk of OAC discontinuation and adverse outcomes were analysed through Cox-regression model. Our primary outcome was the composite of all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The original studies were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01468701, NCT01671007, and NCT01937377. Findings: 34,421 patients were included (70.0 ± 10.5 years, 45.1% females, 6900 (20.0%) Asian: 3829 (55.5%) Chinese, 814 (11.8%) Japanese, 1964 (28.5%) Korean and 293 (4.2%) other Asian). Most of the Asian patients were recruited in Asia (n = 6701, 97.1%), while non-Asian patients were mainly recruited in Europe (n = 15,449, 56.1%) and North America (n = 8378, 30.4%). Compared to non-Asian individuals, prescription of OAC and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) was lower in Asian patients (Odds Ratio [OR] and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 0.23 [0.22–0.25] and 0.66 [0.61–0.71], respectively), but higher in the Japanese subgroup. Asian ethnicity was also associated with higher risk of OAC discontinuation (Hazard Ratio [HR] and [95% CI]: 1.79 [1.67–1.92]), and lower risk of the primary composite outcome (HR [95% CI]: 0.86 [0.76–0.96]). Among the exploratory secondary outcomes, Asian ethnicity was associated with higher risks of thromboembolism and intracranial haemorrhage, and lower risk of major bleeding. Interpretation: Our results showed that Asian patients with AF showed suboptimal thromboembolic risk management and a specific risk profile of adverse outcomes; these differences may also reflect differences in country-specific factors. Ensuring integrated and appropriate treatment of these patients is crucial to improve their prognosis. Funding: The GLORIA-AF Registry was funded by Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH