Parametric Pension Reform with Higher Retirement Ages: A Computational Investigation of Alternatives for A Pay-As-You-Go Pension System

Cataloged from PDF version of article.This. paper discusses parametric reform options to control losses generated by a publicly managed pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension system under alternative deficit reduction (reform) strategies involving changes in contribution and replacement rates and statutory retirement ages. Two different problems corresponding to different pension reform strategies are considered using computational techniques. The techniques are illustrated through exercises employing data for the financially troubled pension system in Turkey. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

BRAND COMMITMENTAS ACOMPONENTOFBRAND EQUITY- ARESEARCH CONCERNING COKE

Brand equity is affected by many factors such as brand commitment, brand awareness, perceived quality and brand association. One of them brand royalty is important component of brand equity. In this research, it was investigated consumers’ brand preferences, brand royalty level and brand commitment factors on brands on coke product placed beverage sector. Asurvey carried out on 500 students at Dumlupinar University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty. The participants of this study were selected by stratified sampling from 4725 students. In this study, descriptive and correlational methods was used. Data were collected by a questionnaire including 31 items were analyzed at the SPSS 10.0 and the findings illustrated in frequency and cross tables. It is appeared that anational brand (Cola Turka) which introduced to the market recently shows important performance against the global coke brands (Coca Cola and Pepsi Coke). According to the findings, Cola Turka’s brand royalty level higher than the others. The results show that Cola Turka consumers’ main preference to choose brand is different from the others. However, it is required to be measured brand royalty level by observing development of this brand’s which introduced to the market recenlty.Brand equity, brand royalty, consumer behaviour, coke.

Moving towards in-line metrology : evaluation of a Laser Radar system for in-line dimensional inspection for automotive assembly systems

The increasing interest towards intelligent systems has led to a demand for the development of zero-defect strategies, with a paradigm shift from off-line and dedicated to in-line metrology with integrated robotic systems. However, a major barrier preventing the systematic uptake of in-line metrology is the lack of evaluation of system capability in terms of accuracy, repeatability and measurement time, when compared to the well-established coordinate measuring machine (CMM). In this study, a robotic Laser Radar (LR) solution is assessed in the context of automotive dimensional inspection of Body-In-White (BIW) applications. The objective is both to understand the effect of robot re-positioning error on measurement accuracy and repeatability and to compare measurement results against a CMM. Eighty-one surface points, six edge points, twenty-five holes and sixteen slots were selected from an industry standard measurement plan. Whilst LR exhibits a lower measurement accuracy than twin-column CMM, its repeatability is well within the specification limits for body shell quality inspection. Therefore, as a real-time in-line metrology tool, it is a genuine prospect to exploit. This research makes a significant contribution toward in-line metrology for dimensional inspection, for automotive application, for rapid detection and for correction of assembly defects in real time, with subsequent reduction of scrap and number of repairs/re-works

Trakya Bölgesinde Organik Şaraplık Üzüm Yetiştiriciliği ve Şarap Yapımı

Dünyada geniş alanlarda uygulanan klasik tarımın giderek doğal dengeyi bozması sonucu örgütlenen üreticiler doğayı tahrip etmeyen, insan sağlığında yan etki yapmayan tarımsal ürünleri tercih etmeye başlamışlardır. AB ve FAO tarafından da klasik üretime alternatif olacak tarzda ortaya çıkan bu üretim şekli ekolojik veya organik tarım olarak isimlendirilmektedir. Ülkemizde 1985 yılında başlayan organik tarım ürünleri üretimi 2000’li yıllarda Dünya organik tarım pazarlarına talep yaratma çabaları ile yen bir boyut kazanmıştır.1999 yılında 92 tarım ürünü organik olarak üretilmiş olup bu üretimde üzümün payı 7182 ton’dur. Pestisit kalıntısı bulunmayan çevre dostu ürünlere, şarap sektörü de ilgi duymuş ve ekolojik şarapçılık gündeme gelmiştir. Ülkemizde şaraplık üzüm üretiminde büyük bir paya sahip Trakya Bölgesinde ekolojik ürün sertifikasyonuna sahip bağlar ve bu bağlardan elde edilen üzümlerden uygun yöntemlerle ekolojik şarap elde edilmesi için Enstitümüz tarafından proje bazında çalışmalar başlatılmıştır. Böyle çalışmaların üretici koşullarında ve çiftlik sistemleri araştırmaları kapsamında yürütülmesinin gerçekçi sonuçlar ortaya koyacağı düşünülmektedir

Towards in-process x-ray CT for dimensional metrology

X-ray computed tomography (CT) offers significant potential as a metrological tool, given the wealth of internal and external data that can be captured, much of which is inaccessible to conventional optical and tactile coordinate measurement machines (CMM). Typical lab-based CT can take upwards of 30 min to produce a 3D model of an object, making it unsuitable for volume production inspection applications. Recently a new generation of real time tomography (RTT) x-ray CT has been developed for airport baggage inspections, utilising novel electronically switched x-ray sources instead of a rotating gantry. This enables bags to be scanned in a few seconds and 3D volume images produced in almost real time for qualitative assessment to identify potential threats. Such systems are able to scan objects as large as 600 mm in diameter at 500 mm s−1. The current voxel size of such a system is approximately 1 mm—much larger than lab-based CT, but with significantly faster scan times is an attractive prospect to explore. This paper will examine the potential of such systems for real time metrological inspection of additively manufactured parts. The measurement accuracy of the Rapiscan RTT110, an RTT airport baggage scanner, is evaluated by comparison to measurements from a metrologically confirmed CMM and those achieved by conventional lab-CT. It was found to produce an average absolute error of 0.18 mm that may already have some applications in the manufacturing line. While this is expectedly a greater error than lab-based CT, a number of adjustments are suggested that could improve resolution, making the technology viable for a broader range of in-line quality inspection applications, including cast and additively manufactured parts

Evaluation of a multi-sensor horizontal dual arm Coordinate Measuring Machine for automotive dimensional inspection

Multi-sensor coordinate measuring machines (CMM) have a potential performance advantage over existing CMM systems by offering the accuracy of a touch trigger probe with the speed of a laser scanner. Before these systems can be used, it is important that both random and systematic errors are evaluated within the context of its intended application. At present, the performance of a multi-sensor CMM, particularly of the laser scanner, has not been evaluated within an automotive environment. This study used a full-scale CNC machined physical representation of a sheet metal vehicle body to evaluate the measurement agreement and repeatability of critical surface points using a multi-sensor horizontal dual arm CMM. It was found that there were errors between CMM arms and with regard to part coordinate frame construction when using the different probing systems. However, the most significant effect upon measurement error was the spatial location of the surface feature. Therefore, for each feature on an automotive assembly, measurement agreement and repeatability has to be individually determined to access its acceptability for measurement with a laser scanner to improve CMM utilisation, or whether the accuracy of a touch trigger probe is required

Evaluating the capability of laser scanning to measure an automotive artefact : a comparison study of touch trigger probe and laser-scanning

Abstract: In the automotive industry dimensional quality control is an important part of the production process, often carried out using coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). However, CMMs used in conjunction with touch probes have a relatively low measurement speed. There is also a close link between the cost of measurement and the number of discrete points captured, leading to a trade-off between the number of points that can be measured and the measurement time. Laser scanners offer a faster alternative to touch probe measurement, but have certain limitations. A number of studies have considered the accuracy of laser scanning using small artefacts; however, little work has been done on the verification of on-CMM laser scanning systems for large volume, industry-relevant measurement applications. In this research, a nominal representation of a vehicle body was used and 104 standard features were measured. The results show that the laser scanning sensor and CMM used in this study would, for the majority of measurements, provide a level of accuracy and repeatability better than which is typically required by automotive manufacturers for body shell quality inspection applications

Comportamientos financieros de las compañías aéreas

Airline companies, including many legacy airlines, have developed global alliances to adapt to dynamic competitive conditions to gain a competitive advantage over other companies. In this way, the number of destinations and network structures of the airline companies have expanded. This study examines the fi nancial factors affecting the capital structure of airline companies that are members of global alliances. In this context, the goal of this study is to reveal the fi nancing behaviors of airlines using theories related to the structure of capital. To this end, we used secondary fi nancial data of member airlines in strategic alliances. For the scope of the study, the period of 2005-2017 was examined, and the panel data analysis method was used. Empirical results of the study indicate that: a) There are signifi cant differences between short-term and longterm debt behaviors of the airlines that were analyzed, b) While long-term debt behavior of airlines is in accordance with the TradeOff Theory, short-term debt behavior is in accordance with the Pecking Order Theory, and c) In the global alliances, the long-term fi nancial behavior is similar to the traditional low-cost business model of airlines.Las compañías aéreas, incluidas muchas compañías aéreas tradicionales, han establecido alianzas mundiales para adaptarse a las condiciones dinámicas de la competencia a fin de obtener una ventaja competitiva sobre otras empresas. De esta manera, se ha ampliado el número de destinos y las estructuras de red de las compañías aéreas. En el presente estudio se examinan los factores fi nancieros que afectan a la estructura de capital de las compañías aéreas que son miembros de alianzas mundiales. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio es revelar los comportamientos de fi nanciación de las compañías aéreas utilizando teorías relacionadas con la estructura de capital. Para ello, utilizamos datos fi nancieros secundarios de las compañías aéreas miembros de las alianzas estratégicas. Para el alcance del estudio, se examinó el período de 2005 a 2017 y se utilizó el método de análisis de datos de panel. Los resultados empíricos del estudio indican que: a) Existen diferencias signifi cativas entre el comportamiento de la deuda a corto y largo plazo de las aerolíneas analizadas, b) Mientras que el comportamiento de la deuda a largo plazo de las aerolíneas se ajusta a la Teoría de la Compensación, el comportamiento de la deuda a corto plazo se ajusta a la Teoría de la Orden de Pecking, y c) En las alianzas globales, el comportamiento fi - nanciero a largo plazo es similar al modelo de negocio tradicional de bajo coste de las aerolíneas

Causal relationship between air transport and economic growth: evidence from panel data for high, upper-middle, lower-middle and low-income countries

Kiraci, Kasim/0000-0002-2061-171X; BAKIR, Mahmut/0000-0002-3898-4987WOS: 000510158200002This study aims to find out the causal relationship between air transport and economic growth based on income level. To this end, selected countries with high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, and low-income levels were included in the analyses for this study. Focusing on the 1990-2016 period, a total of 70 countries were classified according to their income levels and were analyzed empirically. in the study, panel causality analyzes by Konya (2006) and Emirmahmutoglu & Kose (2011) were used. Our findings show that GDP has a certain degree of effect on air transport. They also indicate that the unidirectional or bidirectional causal relationships running from GDP to air transport and air transport to GDP vary by the income level of countries

Evolution of residual stresses in linear deposition wire-based cladding of Ti-6Al-4V

Neutron diffraction and curvature measurements were conducted to investigate the residual stresses associated with Plasma Transferred Arc Cladding (PTA) of Ti-6Al-4V on a substrate of the same material. The wire-feed PTA coupled with 3-axis CNC machine was used as an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique to build parts. A combination of the process parameters was chosen to investigate their effects on residual stress evolution. Neutron Diffraction (ND) measurements of residual strains were performed on the SALSA instrument at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, France. Longitudinal stresses were also inferred by using a Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) and Euler-Bernoulli beam theorem. Furthermore, Optical Microscopy (OM) of the cross section of the parts was used to analyse the microstructural evolution. The results show the effect of shorter and longer ‘dwell time’ between layers on the evolution of residual stresses