LARGE SCALE WIND CLIMATOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS OF WIND ENERGY UTILIZATION

The aim of this article is to describe the particular field of climatology which analyzes air movement characteristics regarding utilization of wind for energy generation. The article describes features of wind energy potential available in Hungary compared to wind conditions in other areas of the northern quarter sphere in order to assist the wind energy use development in Hungary. Information on wind climate gives a solid basis for financial and economic decisions of stakeholders in the field of wind energy utilization

Profile Tests to Optimize the Utilization of Wind Energy

We have to know the property of air movement in hub height of wind turbine onunderstanding that we want to utilize of wind power economically. We can calculate wind speed fromnear ground measurement to hub height but always have mistake in results depend on applied method.In Hungary the Hungarian Meteorological Service carried out expedition wind measurements withSODAR equipment to study wind potential of the country within a frame of a scientific competition.We analysed SODAR data from Budapest, Paks and Szeged with statistical method looking for answerto our following question: How can frequency distributions of wind speed and wind direction indifferent height change? Are there any differences in form of wind profiles and in wind power indifferent wind direction sector? How can daily course of wind speed and potential of wind energy indifferent height change? At the same time, we suppose that there is a so-called “inflection altitude,”where the daily course of the wind speed and wind energy is random. We try to determine this altitudeon the basis of tower measurements in Paks. Finally we get an example to the distribution of specificwind power according to parts of the day

Investigation of the wind power potential of the Hernád valley

The University of Debrecen, Department of Meteorology has carried out research into the climatic and social-economic conditions of the Hernád valley in the scope of a scientific project (OTKA K 75794) between 2009 and 2012. The aim is to find out the optimal area for wind and solar energy, as well as biomass utilization. Our purpose is to work out a model wherein the complex evaluation of natural and social-economic conditions and effects can eventually result in a sustainable and conflictfree land use. The results of the research will be useful in working out a regional improvement based on the use of renewable energy sources to help the local decision-making process

A szél- és napnapenergia, valamint az energetikai célú biomassza hasznosításának éghajlati és társadalmi-gazdasági kérdései a Hernád-völgyben = Climatic conditions and social-economic issues of the utilization of wind, solar and biomass energy in the Hernád-valley, North Hungary

A kutatás során a Hernád-völgy társadalmi-gazdasági és éghajlati adottságait vizsgáltuk azzal a céllal, hogy megállapítsuk: ezek milyen mértékig segítik elő vagy gátolják a szél- és napenergia, valamint a biomassza energetikai célú hasznosítását Statisztikai források alapján feltártuk a Hernád-völgy hátrányos helyzetű településeinek legfontosabb gazdasági-társadalmi adatait, valamint az erdészeti biomasszára vonatkozó adatokat. A megyei, régiós és országos átlagadatokkal összehasonlítva többek között megállapítottuk, hogy a víz-, csatorna- és föld-gázvezetékek kiépítése jóval kedvezőtlenebb. Utóbbi kettő indokolttá teheti az energetikai fejlesztéseket. A kistáj bioenergetikai lehetőségeinél elmondható, hogy az erdészeti faapríték potenciálja feltétlenül figyelembe veendő. Statisztikai adatfeldolgozás és a térinformatikai módszerek egybekapcsolásával elvégzett vizsgálataink azt mutatják, hogy a nagy időbeli fluktuáció ellenére hatékony lehet a terület szélenergiájának felhasználása, elsősorban az alacsony indítási sebességű szélerőművek vagy a szélerőgépek esetében. A Hernád-völgy napenergia potenciáljának feltárásához a fenti két módszerrel elvégeztük a térségbe jutó, a helyi, elsősorban a domborzati körülmények által jelentősen befolyásolt globálsugárzás időbeli és térbeli eloszlásának elemzését. A felszínre érkező globálsugárzási adatok kiértékelése elengedhetetlen információkat nyújt a Hernád-völgyben tervezett napenergia beruházások tervezésénél, gazdasági elemzésénél. | Role of socio-economic and climatic endowments of the Hernád-valley in energetic solar, wind and biomass utilization have been examined in our research program. Most important socio-economic characteristics of settlements and parameters of biomass production in the Hernád-valley have been determined on the base of statistical data. Compared to county, region, or national averages water, gas and drainage systems are rather underdeveloped in the Hernád-valley. These facts support renewable energetic developments. The micro region has a good potential in chopped wood biomass. Despite its strong temporal fluctuations wind energy utilization can be effective especially in the case of low critical velocity wind turbines and windmills according to our results gained using statistical data analyses combined with geoinformatic methods. However, small windmills and wind generators with capacities of several hundred watts or kilowatts could be more effective solutions, since they can be operated in island mode, what means that their establishment requires much less permissions. The before mentioned two methods have been used for examination of solar energy potential of the Hernád-valley as well. Spatial and temporal patterns of solar irradiance strongly influenced by the relief have been determined. Amount of solar irradiance can be measured on the surface provides important information for the planning and economic analyses of solar energy utilization projects in the Hernád-valley

Effects of the synoptic conditions in the development of the urban heat island in Debrecen, Hungary

In this paper the results of the examinations on the effects of various weather conditions on the development and spatial pattern of the urban heat island (UHI) in Debrecen, Hungary are presented. Measurements were carried out using mobile technique with instruments that were mounted on cars. Examinations proved the existence of the UHI in Debrecen. Under favorable weather conditions (anticyclone activity, calm weather) the heat island showed some unique spatial characteristics. Most regular heat islands developed in cases when Hungary was situated between weak high and low pressure systems. Under antycyclonic conditions strong heat islands formed, but their shape was usually deformed by the prevailing winds. Strong cyclone activity eliminated the formation of the UHI, while under weak cyclone activity regular, but weak heat islands of only about 1°C developed

The relationship between built-up areas and the spatial development of the mean maximum urban heat island in Debrecen, Hungary

The climate of built-up regions differs significantly from rural regions and the most important modifying effect of urbanization on local climate is the urban temperature excess, otherwise called the urban heat island (UHI). This study examines the influence of built-up areas on the near-surface air temperature field in the case of the medium-sized city of Debrecen, Hungary. Mobile measurements were used under different weather conditions between March 2002 and March 2003. Efforts concentrated on the determination of the spatial distribution of mean maximum UHI intensity with special regard to land-use features such as built-up ratio and its areal extensions. In both (heating and non-heating) seasons the spatial distribution of the UHI intensity field showed a basically concentric shape with local anomalies. The mean maximum UHI intensity reaches more than 2.0 degrees C (heating season) and 2.5 degrees C (non-heating season) in the centre of the city. We established the relationship between the above-mentioned land-use parameters and mean maximum UHI intensity by means of multiple linear regression analysis. As the measured and predicted mean maximum UHI intensity patterns show, there is an obvious connection between the spatial distribution of urban thermal excess and the land-use parameters examined, so these parameters play a significant role in the development of the strong, UHI intensity field over the city. Copyright (c) 2005 Royal Meteorological Society

The development of the urban heat island studied on temperature profiles in Debrecen

The development of the urban heat island (UHI) was studied in Debrecen, Hungary using temperature profiles. Mobile temperature measurements were carried along a cross section of the city. The route crossed the typical built up units of the city. The seasonal characteristics of the profile were determined. It was found that in the non-heating season stronger and more regular profiles formed. The measurements provided information on the temporal changes of the mean heat island intensities. A special feature is the occurrence of a secondary minimum and a maximum on the profile. In the inner parts of the city the profiles are similar only the amplitudes of the intensities are different, while in the peripheral sectors quite flat profiles were found