Shunryn\u27s Bells

pages 78-8

Agro-Economic analysis of Ltd Männiku Piim in 2007-2009

Käesolev bakalaureustöö annab ülevaate OÜ Männiku Piima agromajanduslikest aastatel 2007- 2009. Ettevõtte põhiliseks tootmissuunaks on piimakarja kasvatus, kuid pea sama oluline on ka taimekasvatus. Võrreldes ettevõtte piima tootmise omahinda Eesti keskmise omahinnaga, selgub, et ettevõtte tootmisomahind on madalam. Lehmade arv on ettevõttes kolme aastaga stabiilselt suurenenud.Põhikarja suurus oli 2009.a. 308 lehma. Ettevõttes on tõusnud ka kogupiimatoodang ja piimatoodang lehma kohta. Peamiselt on sellised head tulemused saavutatud eesti punase tõu väljavahetamisega holsteini tõu vastu, uudse tehnoloogia kasutuselevõtuga ja söötmise kvaliteedi paranemisega. Tulu piima müügist on ettevõttes aasta- aastalt suurenenud. Suurenemine on peamiselt tingitud müügihinna-, müüdud toodangu koguse ja piimatoodangu mahu suurenemisest. Taimekasvatuse toodangust realiseeritakse kolmveerand ning veerand kasutatud veistele söödaks ettevõtte siseselt. Ettevõtte maafond oli 2009.aastal 1300 hektarit. Kõige suurema osa ettevõtte mullastikust moodustasid enamlevinud näivleetunud mullad. Ettevõtte muldade fosforitarve on väike ja pigem väga väike, kuid kaaliumitarve on enamasti suur ja väga suur. Huumusesisaldus mullas on vastavalt madal ning võib madala kaaliumitarbe kõrval olla teine saaki limiteeriv faktor Ettevõttel on väga head taimekasvatussaaduste keskmise saagi numbrid. Tritiku saak oli ettevõttes 2008.a. 7,6 t/ha, Eesti keskmine aga 3,5 t/ha. Ka oli Eesti kesmisest üle kaera saak, vastavalt 5,2 t/ha 2,7 t/ha vastu. Toimub mõnevõrra intensiivsem tootmine ja maakasutuse efektiivsus on parem kui teistel ettevõtetel. Ettevõtte suurimad tulud tulevad taime- ja loomakasvatussaaduste müügist ning suurimad kulud on tööjõu- ja väetisekulud. OÜ Männiku Piim tootmise rentaablus oli aastatel 2006-2008 40...50% vahel. Majandusaastal 2008 sai ettevõte kasumit 8 miljonit krooni ning ettevõtte rentaablus oli 41%. Soovitused ettevõtjale edaspidises tegevuses- 1. Teatud põldudel parandada muldade kaaliumitarvet kaaliumirikaste väetiste kasutamisega. 2. Rendimaa osakaalu peaks vähendama ja püüdma rohkem investeerida maafondi. 3. Mullaviljekuse ja saagikuse tõstmiseks lubjata happelisi põlde.Present bachelor´s thesis analyzes the economic development of an agricultural entity of Ltd. Männiku Piim during 2007-2009. Ltd. Männiku Piim main branch of production is raising a dairy cattle but almost as important is horticultural branch. Produced milk is sold and only small part of it is kept to use in the farm. The main customer is Võru Juust. The cattle consists mostly of estonian holstein breed. Three-year average milk production from 2007 until 2009 increased year by year. In 2009 cows produced average 8683 kg of milark per ye. About 75% of horticultural production is realised and the rest of it is used to feed the cattle within the farm. The farm had 1300 hectares of land in 2009. Higher proportion of the farm soils are bleak soils. Farm soils have small or rather very small phosporous need, but the need for potassium is mostly big or very big. Humus content in soils in predominantly low and this might be another factor for limited harvest besides the low need for potassium. In 2008 farm had very good yield numbers. Triticale catch result was holding 7,6 tons per hectare, Estonian average was 3,7 tons per hectare. Above average were also oats - 5,2 tons per hectare in Männiku against 2,7 tons per hectare as Estonian average. Farm biggest income comes from selling the horticulture and animal husbandry products. The biggest ecpenses are the costs for labor force and fertilization. Ltd. Männiku Piim lucrativeness of production was between 2007 and 2008, reaching 41% by 2008. In 2009 the farm had to count on the downfall of the profit and lucrativeness. The downfall started because big part of the world was affected by economical crisis. Suggestions for the future: 1. To get bigger crops, the soils that are need for potassium, should be improved by using fertizilers enriched with potassium. 2. Instead of renting the land company should try and buy it out. 3. For higher soil fertility its is needed to lime acidic soils

Phase transition, radio- and photoluminescence of K3Lu(PO4)2 doped with Pr3+ ions

Luminescent characteristics of K3Lu(PO4)2:Pr3+ (1 and 5 mol.%) microcrystalline powders, a promising optical material for scintillation applications, were investigated using various experimental techniques. The material shows emission features connected with both high intensity interconfigurational 4f15d→4f2 transitions (broad UV emission bands) and intraconfigurational 4f2→4f2 transitions (weak emission lines in the visible range). The output of X-ray excited 4f15d→4f2 emission of Pr3+ increases with a temperature rise from 90 K to room tem- perature and higher depending on the Pr3+ ions concentration. The high 5% concentration of Pr3+ ions is found to be favourable for the stabilization of a monoclinic phase (P21/m space group) over a trigonal one (P3 space group) while emission properties of the material reveal that a phase transition occurs at higher temperatures. Decay kinetics of Pr3+ 4f15d→4f2 emission are recorded upon excitation with high repetition rate X-ray syn- chrotron excitation and pulse cathode ray excitation. Issues related to a non-exponential decay of luminescence and presence of slow decay components are discussed in terms of energy transfer dynamics. The presence of defects was revealed with thermoluminescence measurements and these are suggested to be the mainly responsible for delayed recombination of charge carriers on the Pr3+ 4f15d states. Some peculiarities of host-to- impurity energy transfer are discusse

Administrative Empowerment Predictive Ability for the Level of Competitive Advantage in Palestinian Private Universities

  هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن القدرة التنبؤية للتمكين الإداري بمستوى الميزة التنافسية في الجامعات الفلسطينية من وجهة نظر القيادات الأكاديمية في الجامعات الفلسطينية الخاصة في فلسطين، وفقاً لمتغيرات: (الجنس، المؤهل العلمي، الرتبة الأكاديمية، سنوات الخبرة، المسمى الوظيفي). واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. تكون مجتمع الدراسة من (138). تم إعتماد إستبانة مكونة من (55) فقرة. بلغ حجم العينة الدراسية (68). أشارت نتائج الدراسة أن الميزة التنافسية تتغير تبعاً للتمكين الإداري، حيث كلما زادت درجة التمكين الإداري بمقدار درجة واحدة زاد مستوى الميزة التنافسية بمقدار (1.075) درجة، هذا بالإضافة إلى أن الميزة التنافسية تتغير تبعاً لثلاثة أبعاد من أبعاد التمكين الإداري (الاتصال ومشاركة المعلومات، التدريب، الحوافز)، وجاء تأثير بعد الحوافز بالمرتبة الأولى، حيث كلما زادت الحوافز المقدمة للعاملين بمقدار درجة واحدة زادت الميزة التنافسية للجامعة بمقدار (0.345) درجة، تلاه في المرتبة الثانية بعد الاتصال ومشاركة المعلومات، وأخيراً تلاه في المرتبة الثالثة بعد التدريب، في حين أشارت النتائج في الجدول إلى عدم وجود أثر لكل من بعدي: (الاستقلالية، وتفويض السلطة). وقد خرجت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات أهمها: الاهتمام بتوفير وسائل مختلفة لإيصال المعلومات المختلفة لجميع الموظفين من خلال وسائل الاتصال الحديثة المختلفة، كذلك ضرورة تعزيز برامج التدريب المتبعة في الجامعات الفلسطينية بحيث تكون واضحة وقوية ومبنية على الاحتياجات، وبما ينسجم مع تحقيق أهداف الجامعة مع ضرورة توفير متخصصين في مجال التدريب، ووجود إستراتیجیة واضحة لتدریب الموظفين في الجامعات الفلسطينية، هذا بالإضافة إلى ضرورة رفع مستوى التمويل في الجامعات الفلسطينية وتخصيص جزء عال لأغراض الحوافز والمكافآت مع أهمية قيام إدارة الجامعات الفلسطينية بتقدير نجاح الموظفين فیها والعمل على تعزيز الموظفين المبدعين ورفع مستوى الدافعية لديهم من خلال زيادة عدد المؤتمرات العلمية المسموح بها للموظفين

Effect of An Electron Beam Irradiation on Optical and Luminescence Properties of LiBaAlF6 Single Crystals

Paper reports the effect of a 10 keV, 110 keV and 10 MeV electron beam irradiation on optical and luminescence properties of LiBaAlF6 (LBAF) single crystals at 10, 90, and 293 K. Five absorption bands at 2.0, 3.2, 4.3, 4.9 and 5.5 eV were revealed in irradiated crystals in the energy range of 1.2–9.5 eV. Several PL emission bands (1.7–1.8, 2.2 and 2.5–3.5 eV) related to defects were found in the luminescence spectra at room temperature, while only one luminescence band at E = 2.2 eV appears at T = 90 K in LBAF crystals after a 10 MeV electron bombardment. The PL excitation spectra and time-response for these emission bands were studied at 10, 90, and 293 K. Thermoluminescence (TL) of irradiated crystals was studied in the temperature range of 90–740 K. New TL glow peaks at 166, 530 and 670 K were revealed and their parameters were determined. Temperature dependence of relative photoluminescence yield recorded monitoring emission at the 1.87 and 2.23 eV in the temperature range from 130 to 450 K, were fitted using five quenching processes related to TL glow peaks revealed in our research. Significant similarity in the manifestation of radiation-induced defects for LBAF and previously studied LiBaF3 single crystals is noted. The effect of an electron beam irradiation on optical and luminescence properties of LBAF single crystals and possible origin of the radiation defects were discussed. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Contract No.02.A03.21.0006) (the basic part of the government mandate), the Center of Excellence "Radiation and Nuclear Technologies" (Competitiveness Enhancement Program of Ural Federal University, Russia), HASYLAB DESY (Project No.20110843), Estonian Research Council (projects IUT2-26 and PUT1081). We are grateful to Ludmila Isaenko for providing the crystals examined and Eugene Vasilchenko for recording a high-temperature TL glow curve

Time-Resolved Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Er3+ ions in the SrF2 Crystal

The photoluminescence and photoexcitation spectra as well as the luminescence decay kinetics of Er3+ ions in the visible ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) regions have been studied by the method of low-temperature, time-resolved VUV-spectroscopy on excitation by synchrotron radiation. In the VUV spectral region of the luminescence of SrF2:1% Er3+, the 146.5-nm band with a time of decay of less than 0.6 nsec was revealed together with the well-known emission band at 164.3 nm (decay constant in the microsecond range). Its possible nature is discussed. The specific features of the formation of photoexcitation spectra of the f-f and f-d transitions in the Er3+ ion are considered. Competition between the processes of excitation of f-f and d-f luminescence has been revealed. It manifests itself in the inverse relationship of their photoexcitation spectra in a range of energies of incident photons that are close to the position of the 4fn-15d configuration levels. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.This work was carried out with the support of grants from the Russian Fundamental Research Foundation (05-02-16530), "Universities of Russia (UR 02.01.433), Ural Scientific Center Promising Materials" CRDF (EK-005-XI), and partially from BMBF (05KS8GMD/1)

Vacuum Ultraviolet Excitation of Rare-Earth ion Luminescence in Strontium Fluoride Crystals

The photoexcitation spectra (70-280 nm) of the Eu 3+, Tb 3+, Dy 3+, Er 3+, and Tm 3+ ion luminescence in strontium fluoride crystals are studied at 8 and 295 K by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy using synchrotron-radiation excitation. The processes of transfer of the excitation energy to the impurity centers as well as the relaxation mechanisms of the excited high-energy states of the rare-earth ions are analyzed. The bands corresponding to the interconfiguration 4f-5d transitions and the charge-transfer bands are identified in the photoexcitation luminescence spectra. ©2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.The present work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant 05-02-16530), by the Program “Russian Universities” (Grant UR.02.01.433), by REC-005 (ЕК-005-XI), and BMBF (05KS8GMD/1)