Сохранение целостности отображаемого на пути вербализации отдельного фрагмента действительности

Проаналізовано ланцюжок перетворення «дійсність-текст» як непорушення цілісності відтворюваного фрагмента дійсності на шляху трансляції цієї інформації з образного на мовний рівень. Розглянуто структурно-функціональний рівень нейроорганізації зорового тракту, який забезпечує адекватне сприйняття довкілля (триєдиного у часі, просторі та дії), шляхом виокремлення з нього окремих ситуації, диференціації їх за статичними/динамічними прикметами та однозначної ідентифікації всіх їхніх складників. Проаналізовано мовні засоби та їх організацію для адекватного відтворення окремого фрагмента.The chain of transformation «reality-text» is analysed as an unviolation of the integrity of the displayed fragment of reality on the way of translation of this information from the graphic to linguistic level. The structural-functional level of neuron organization of visual track, which provides adequate perception of the environment (triune in time, space and action) is considered by force of a selection of separate situations, differentiation them by statistical or dynamical features with the unique identification of their components. Linguistic means and their organization are analysed in order to adequately display a separate fragment of reality.Проанализирована цепочка преобразования «действительность-текст» как ненарушение целостности отображаемого фрагмента действительности на пути трансляции этой информации с образного на языковой уровень. Рассмотрен структурно-функциональный уровень нейроорганизации зрительного тракта, обеспечивающий адекватное восприятие внешнего мира (триединого во времени, пространстве и движении), путем выделения отдельных ситуации, дифференциации их по статическим/динамическим признакам и с однозначной идентифицией их составляющих. Проанализированы языковые средства и их организация для адекватного отображения отдельного фрагмента

Речевая деятельность и ее моделирование

Робота присвячена питанням формування інформаційних природно-мовних технологій, які намагаються моделювати окремі прояви мовленнєвої поведінки людини – однієї з найскладніших форм її інтелектуальної діяльності. Аналізується сучасний стан справ у вказаному напрямі, окреслюються перспективи розвитку таких технологій на шляху інтеграції наукових досягнень у всіх помежованих напрямах.Work is devoted the questions of forming of information naturally-linguistic technologies which try to design the different aspects of human speech activity – one of to most difficult forms of its intellectual activity. The modern consisting of businesses into indicated direction is analysed, the prospects of development of such technologies are outlined on the way of integration of scientific achievements in all of human speech activity directions.Работа посвящена вопросам формирования информационных естественно-языковых технологий, которые пытаются моделировать различные аспекты речевого поведения человека – одной из самых сложных форм его интеллектуальной деятельности. Анализируется современное состояние дел в указанном направлении, очерчиваются перспективы развития таких технологий на пути интеграции научных достижений во всех пограничных направлениях

Host species determines egg size in Oriental cuckoo

© 2018 The Zoological Society of London.The Oriental cuckoo Cuculus optatus is an obligate brood parasite associated with species of the genus Phylloscopus. Four distinct phenotypes of Oriental cuckoo eggs, matching eggshell colour patterns of Arctic warbler Phylloscopus borealis, common chiffchaff (Siberian) P. collybita tristis, yellow-browed warbler P. inornatus and Pallas's leaf warbler P. proregulus, have been identified in the Russian part of its breeding area. We compared egg length, breadth and volume of Oriental cuckoo egg phenotypes with eggs of the corresponding hosts from three geographical regions in Russia: the Urals, Siberia and the Far East. We found significant oometric differences between Oriental cuckoo egg phenotypes. Egg breadth of each cuckoo group matched the egg breadth of the host species, while the length of cuckoo eggs did not match egg length in host species. Our results can be explained in terms of clutch geometry. An egg sticking out above the clutch is likely to be rejected by the host and so breadth should match the host's egg. This constrains cuckoos in maintaining large egg volumes, which are essential for providing a cuckoo chick with the energy required to eject the host eggs and chicks. An increased egg length might compensate for breadth constraints. We suggest that the size of cuckoo eggs might also be affected by parental care - when only one parent is involved in feeding, eggs need to be larger. This might explain why the longest cuckoo eggs belonged to the phenotype parasitizing the smallest host, Pallas's leaf warbler, where only one parent feeds the chicks. In our view, differences in egg sizes of Oriental cuckoo phenotypes provide evidence of their adaptations to brood parasitism on small leaf warbler species.Peer reviewe

An investigation of Norwegian students’ affective domain in mathematics

After decades of research in the affective domain in mathematics education, and search for ways to enhance students’ positive attitudes towards the discipline, the perception that to be able to do mathematics is innate remains a widespread belief. Already twenty years ago the Fourth NAEP study concluded that students believe mathematics to be important, difficult and based on rules, and theses attributions also characterise the view of mathematics even two decades later. As a relationship exists between the claims ”mathematics is difficult” and ”mathematics is boring” one could assume that students lack interest towards mathematics. The conclusions about the present situation are based on a study carried out in Norway in 2005. This paper documents and analyses the data from the study. Six factors are identified and analysed in relation to students ́ affective domain in mathematics. The six factors are: interest, hard-working, self-confidence, usefulness, insecurity, and MAD (Mathematics as an Absolute Discipline)

What makes learning mathematics an enjoyable experience: listening to estonian pupils’ voices

Research has shown that affective factors, including liking the subject, influence pupils’ mathematical performance and future decision-making. The aim of this paper is to reveal the factors that influence one’s liking of mathematics. The study, based on semi-structured interviews amongst pupils from 7th, 9th and 11th grades in Estonia, tried to find answers to the questions why pupils like or dislike mathematics as a subject and why pupils like or dislike the mathematics teacher. The study concluded that mathematics is liked because of specific activities that pupils are engaged with in the lesson (e.g. figuring things out); of specific content (e.g. word problems); of feeling competent in mathematics and understanding the subject, and because the teacher displayed the following characteristics: being polite, caring, funny, professional and reasonably strict, creating a good learning environment, explaining the subject well, relating mathematics to real life and being a sensible evaluator

Sovereignty, intervention, and social order in revolutionary times

This article has been accepted for publication and will appear in a revised form, subsequent to peer review and/or editorial input by Cambridge University Press, in Review of International Studies / Volume 39 / Issue 05 / December 2013, pp 1149 - 1167 Copyright © British International Studies Association 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S026021051300025

Категории времени и пространства в информационных естественно-языковых технологиях

В роботі аналізуються мовні засоби відтворення просторових та часових відношень для потреб автоматичного опрацювання мовного матеріалу. Акцентується увага на структурній організації цих засобів, які багато в чому подібні між собою. Ретельно аналізуються мовні засоби кількісного та якісного характеру для відтворення часу та простору, простежуються структурні особливості їх організації та взаємодії на шляху відтворення мовними засобами складних просторово-часових відношень.The language means of creation of spatial and sentinel relations are in-process analysed for the necessities of the automatic working of linguistic material. Attention is accented on structural organization of these facilities which in a great deal similar between itself. The language means of quantitative and high-quality character are carefully analysed for the creation of time and space, the structural features of their organization and cooperation on the way of creation of difficult spatio-temporal relations language means are traced.В работе анализируются языковые средства отображения пространственных и временных отношений с целью их использования для обработки текстовой информации. Акцентируется внимание на структурной организации этих средств, которые во многом подобные между собой. Тщательным образом анализируются языковые средства количественного и качественного характера для отображения времени и пространства, прослеживаются структурные особенности их организации и взаимодействия на пути представления языковыми средствами сложных пространственно-временных отношений

Organized Chaos: mapping the definitions of social entrepreneurship

Over the last 20 years, social entrepreneurship has attracted the attention of researchers from a wide variety of disciplines which, in turn, has generated a large variety of understandings of the meaning of social entrepreneurship. This paper maps the existing definitions, using a citation map and cluster analysis methods. Studying 307 documents that contain social entrepreneurship definitions, the analysis reveals that - contrary to what has been commonly believed -there does, in fact, exist widespread consensus within the academic community on the definition and meaning of the term social entrepreneurship and it is primarily centred on the combination of social and financial goals, community ideals and innovation.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft