Can bacteria adapt to starvation-free environment?

Bacteria will experience starvation-free environment if infinite nutrition is supplied continuously for a long period. In this study, an evolutionary experiment was performed for 118 days where bacteria adapted to starvation-free environment and reduced their doubling time. It is anticipated that this finding will help to select bacterial strains that can grow more rapidly in rich media

All-Pay Auctions with Handicaps

An all-pay auction in which the winner is determined according to the sum of the bid and the handicap, the latter of which is endowed to the players, is analyzed. The bidding strategy in an equilibrium is explicitly derived as a "piecewise affine transformation" of the equilibrium strategy in the all-pay auction without handicaps. Allocation rule implemented in the equilibrium and revenue comparison are also discussed.

Measuring the Dynamic Cost of Living Index from Consumption Data

In the U.S., the objective of consumer price index (CPI) measurement is to measure the cost of living. However, the current CPI or, in other words, cost of living index (COLI) measures the cost of living in a static optimization problem. This paper proposes a new method to construct a dynamic cost of living index (DCOLI). Our method offers several advantages compared to other dynamic cost of living indices proposed in the literature. First, our measure is based on total wealth. Previous indices limited attention to financial wealth. Second, we consider an Epstein-Zin preference structure. Most previous literature has used log preferences. We derive formulas that relate our DCOLI to the COLI and derive conditions under which the two coincide. We also produce empirical measures of our DCOLI. We find that under standard assumptions on preferences, the volatility of our DCOLI is about the same as that of the COLI. In certain periods, e.g., 1977–1983, our measure differs sharply from the COLI.dynamic cost of living index; cost of life; CPI

Lattice monopole action in pure SU(3) QCD

We obtain an almost perfect monopole action numerically after abelian projection in pure SU(3) lattice QCD. Performing block-spin transformations on the dual lattice, the action fixed depends only on a physical scale b. Monopole condensation occurs for large b region. The numerical results show that two-point monopole interactions are dominant for large b. We next perform the block-spin transformation analytically in a simplified case of two-point monopole interactions with a Wilson loop on the fine lattice. The perfect operator evaluating the static quark potential on the coarse b-lattice are derived. The monopole partition function can be transformed into that of the string model. The static potential and the string tension are estimated in the string model framework. The rotational invariance of the static potential is recovered, but the string tension is a little larger than the physical one.Comment: 21pages,4figures,to be published in JHE