Dynamic Management of Infrastructure

The concept fo "dynamic maintenance" is discussed in relation to the field of civil engineering. The discussion concludes that infrastructure should be maintained so as to keep the identity and character of a region in which it is located and to provide sustainable services to the public.ダイナミックメンテナンスというコンセプトを土木工学の分野において検討した。その結果、社会基盤、あるいはそれが支える社会資本査サービスは、過去から未来へと継承すべき地域性を踏まえたものであるべきであり、また、そのことが住民の安全性の確保につながることを指摘した

Rolls and Effects of Small-Scale Events in a Shopping Street - in the Case of Research Atelier in Tenjinbashisuji Shopping Street -

本研究は，天神橋筋3丁目商店街内の関西大学リサーチ・アトリエ「楽歳天三・楽市楽座」を拠点とし，小規模なイベントをいくつか実施し，その効果，位置付け，他の取り組みとの関係性などを明らかにすることを目的として，アンケート調査を実施した.その結果，参加者の半数以上が「たまたま通りかかった」人であることから，事前の告知や広告が高い効果を示さなかったものの，「初めて」あるいは「滅多に来ない」層も，「週1回以上来る」層に対してもイベント内容は好評であり，次回イベント参加意向も高い比率を得た．そして，手軽に高頻度で行える小イベントのメリットを活かし，大規模イベントと役割分担を明確にしながら，常連客には商店街の活気を印象づける参加容易なイベントを，通りすがり客には次回の参加を印象づけるインパクトのあるイベントをそれぞれ実施し，商店街の持続性と顧客開拓に貢献するシナリオを描くことが重要であることを指摘した．The purpose of this study is to investigate rolls, effects of some small-scale events carried out in the Research Atelier in Tenjinbashisuji Shopping Street and to understand relationship with other relatively large-scale events. The results of questionnaire surveys carried out show that more than half of attendances of the events are shoppers by chance on the street so that advertisements of the events beforehand have few effects. On the other hand, the contents of events are popular with not only first comers but also usual consumers. The small-scale events have merits that they are easily and frequently carried out. Therefore, it is important that the small-scale events, keeping the share of rolls with other large-scale events, gives impressions of revitalization of the shopping street on the usual consumers and, on the other hand, ones of inviting to the next events on the shoppers by chance

Countercurrent chromatography in analytical chemistry (IUPAC technical report)

© 2009 IUPACCountercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a generic term covering all forms of liquid-liquid chromatography that use a support-free liquid stationary phase held in place by a simple centrifugal or complex centrifugal force field. Biphasic liquid systems are used with one liquid phase being the stationary phase and the other being the mobile phase. Although initiated almost 30 years ago, CCC lacked reliable columns. This is changing now, and the newly designed centrifuges appearing on the market make excellent CCC columns. This review focuses on the advantages of a liquid stationary phase and addresses the chromatographic theory of CCC. The main difference with classical liquid chromatography (LC) is the variable volume of the stationary phase. There are mainly two different ways to obtain a liquid stationary phase using centrifugal forces, the hydrostatic way and the hydrodynamic way. These two kinds of CCC columns are described and compared. The reported applications of CCC in analytical chemistry and comparison with other separation and enrichment methods show that the technique can be successfully used in the analysis of plants and other natural products, for the separation of biochemicals and pharmaceuticals, for the separation of alkaloids from medical herbs, in food analysis, etc. On the basis of the studies of the last two decades, recommendations are also given for the application of CCC in trace inorganic analysis and in radioanalytical chemistry

An estimation method for predicting final consolidation settlement of ground improved by floating cement columns

Ground improvement using floating soil cement columns with shallow stabilization is an effective technique for the treatment of deep soft soil layers under infrastructure embankments. In order to investigate the settlement performance of this improvement technique, model load testing of model column analogues for visualization of ground behavior under plane strain conditions was performed and field observations at full scale test embankments were investigated.The results of model testing and field investigation show that the ground below an embankment founded on a floating column system can be considered as two separate layers with a confined portion and a consolidating layer which can be related to the degree of improvement used at a particular site such as the improvement ratio and the depth of improvement.A simplified estimation method for final consolidation settlement is proposed using a stress distribution ratio which considers the contribution from skin friction at the surface of floating columns. The advantage of this method is that is possible to determine the consolidating layer thickness as a function of simple parameters such as the degree of improvement, loading conditions and undrained soil strength. The predicted settlements of the improved ground correspond well to that measured in full scale case studies

1-(Trifluoromethyl)vinyllithium

InChI = 1S/C3H2F3.Li/c1-2-3(4,5)6;/h1H2; InChIKey = YDBNXCHLLXTABG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used as a versatile vinylation component) Physical Data: thermally unstable; decomposes quickly at temperatures above −78 °C. Solubility: soluble in diethyl ether, pentane, and THF. Form Supplied in: not available commercially. Preparative Method: prepared from the reaction of commercially available 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene with n-, sec-, or tert-butyllithium in diethyl ether at −100 to −110 °C. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: prepared and transferred at low temperature (≤ −100 °C) under inert atmosphere (Ar); air and moisture sensitive; handle in fume hood

Bearing capacity charts of soft soil reinforced by deep mixing

A series of preliminary design charts were developed to predict the bearing capacity of fully and partially penetrated deep mixing (DM) of soft soil. The charts were produced by a new numerical analysis tool based on discontinuity layout optimisation (DLO) in which a previously proposed homogenisation method was used to define the improvement area. To measure the applicability of implementation of the homogenisation method in the DLO, a series of validation processes was performed against several previous studies under uniform soil strength. A new empirical solution was developed from the DLO method using the homogenisation method for the bearing capacity of soft ground under uniform soil strength, improved by the fully penetrated DM method. Results produced by the DLO approach were compared with existing analytical solutions and better agreement was found from the present model. The charts consider variation in improvement area ratio, column length and strength, and foundation width for the fully and partially penetrated DM cases. The simulations were related to real field cases in which the strength characteristics of soft soil increase with depth. An example is given to demonstrate use of the charts