Relationship between physique and food avoidance in infants : A study conducted in a community setting in Japan

The relationship between food avoidance during infancy and the growth of Japanese infants in a community health setting has not been well evaluated. In order to assess the growth of infants who avoided either of the three major allergen foods in Japan, eggs, milk or wheat, we employed the results of 4 physical checkups recorded in maternity passbooks and administrated a questionnaire on allergic diseases, height and weight at birth to the guardians of 1,132 infants at the age of 3.5 years. Data was obtained from 890 subjects (78.6%) and 662 subjects (58.5%) who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The height, weight and body mass index percentile scores of each subject were calculated. Subjects who avoided either of the three foods at 3.5 years had lower weight percentile scores at 1.5 years, lower height and weight percentile scores at 3.5 years, and lower weight growth rates, compared with the subjects who did not avoid any of the three foods at 3.5 years (P=0.02, 0.03, 0.03, 0.01). The results suggested that there was a negative relationship between physique and food avoidance in infants, and that physical and nutritional assessments are important for food avoiders

病床機能報告における入退棟経路による病棟機能分類の検討

京都府立医科大学大学院生命基礎数理学京都府立大学大学院生命環境科学研究科和歌山大学観光学部京都先端科学大学健康医療学部病床機能別病床数の検討による適切な医療提供体制の構築は、超高齢社会に対応する持続可能な社会保障制度の確立に重要である。本研究は、医療機関の入退棟経路の特徴と機能区分を明らかにすることを目的とした。厚生労働省が公表している2018 年6月の1か月分の病床機能報告を用いて、主に成人の医療を実施する全国の9,627病院26,366病棟を対象に、入棟前・退棟先の場所別の患者構成割合による主成分分析を実施した。その結果、入退棟経路による上位4主成分を抽出（累積寄与率61.3%）し、それぞれの特徴的な入退棟経路と病床機能区分との傾向を明らかにした。これらの評価指標により、病床機能報告における入退棟経路の患者構成割合から病棟の持つ医療機能を推測する可能性が示唆された。本分析結果は、地域医療構想実現に向けた有用な基盤情報となり得る

ショウガク 1ネンセイ ニオケル ヨウチエン シュッシンシャ ト ホイクショ シュッシンシャ ノ エイヨウ セッシュ ジョウキョウ ノ ヒカク

京都市内の一小学校の1年生120名を対象者に, 6月の休日および平日各1日に摂取した全食品の摂食量の記録を保護者に依頼し, 回答のあった男子41名, 女子47名, 計88名(73.3%)の栄養素および食品群別摂取量を出身別に比較検討した。その結果, 幼稚園出身者が保育所出身者より有意に高値を示したのは, 男子の果実類摂取量, 女子の脂質摂取量, 脂肪エネルギー比率であった。その他の項目では出身別に有意な差は認めなかった。全体において, 推定平均必要量以下の者の割合は, カルシウムは男子56.1%, 女子55.3%, 鉄は男子29.3%, 女子27.7%, ビタミンCは男子34.1%, 女子31.9%, 脂肪エネルギー比率が30%以上の割合は男子61.0%, 女子63.8%, 食塩6g以上の割合は男子78.0%, 女子68.1%と高かった。これより, 小学1年生において出身別の差は少ないこと, カルシウム, 鉄の不足者割合が高く, 脂質及び食塩の摂取量が目標量を超える者の割合が多い可能性が示唆された

ショクジ セッシュ キジュン 2010ネンバン ニ ヨル カンリ エイヨウシ ヨウセイ カテイ ノ ジョシ ガクセイ ノ エイヨウ シンタイ カツドウ ヒョウカ

The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of women university students in the third-grade of a registered dietitian training course, based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese(2010). We initially selected 46 students, and obtained valid responses from 41 students(89.1%). We performed body measurements, blood tests, a dietary weighing method for 3 days, and the measurement of physical activity by the accelerometer. In regard to the physique and blood test of the subjects, 24.4% were underweight, 4.9% were obese and 20.0% were anemic. The dietary weighing method showed that the rate of women who took vitamin C below the estimated average requirement was 90.0%, that of folic acid, iron and calcium were 41.0%, 83.0%, and 68.0% respectively. While the rate of salt intake greater than the dietary goal (7.5g/day)was 36.5%, the rate of fat energy ratio greater than the dietary goal(30%)was 31.7%. The average number of steps per day was 8,907 ± 2,293. These results showed that there was an overall insufficient intake of total energy, vitamins, and minerals, indicating that further nutritional management for the women students is required

Estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio among Japanese elementary school teachers and school lunch cooks

Background:Dietary salt intake is largely responsible for increase in blood pressure that is commonly seen with aging. In our previous study carried out in 2015, we calculated the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio among elementary school children. In the present study, we aimed to examine the same items among the school children’s teachers and lunch cooks.Methods:Of 153 recruited participants, urine samples were collected from 129 subjects (84.3%), and 124 subjects (81.0%; 37 male teachers, 65 female teachers, and 22 female cooks) whose dietary habits were confirmed were included in the final study analysis.Results: The median estimated 24-hour urinary salt excretion (g/day) was 8.2 in male teachers, 7.4 in female teachers, and 8.9 in cooks. The median urinary Na/K ratio (mEq/mEq) was 4.1 in male teachers, 3.6 in female teachers, and 4.0 in cooks. In both male and female teachers and cooks, no association was found between urinary salt excretion or urinary Na/K ratio and an awareness of the need to restrict salt intake. The proportion of subjects with both a urinary salt excretion and Na/K ratio above the median was high in male teachers and cooks, whereas the proportion of subjects who scored below the median in both tests was high in female teachers.Conclusion:It should be considered that elementary school teachers and cooks who have been provided with the results of their own salt excretion could realize the importance of reducing salt consumption from early childhood and the continuous salt intake reduction education for children