The Price of Anarchy for Network Formation in an Adversary Model

We study network formation with n players and link cost \alpha > 0. After the network is built, an adversary randomly deletes one link according to a certain probability distribution. Cost for player v incorporates the expected number of players to which v will become disconnected. We show existence of equilibria and a price of stability of 1+o(1) under moderate assumptions on the adversary and n \geq 9. As the main result, we prove bounds on the price of anarchy for two special adversaries: one removes a link chosen uniformly at random, while the other removes a link that causes a maximum number of player pairs to be separated. For unilateral link formation we show a bound of O(1) on the price of anarchy for both adversaries, the constant being bounded by 10+o(1) and 8+o(1), respectively. For bilateral link formation we show O(1+\sqrt{n/\alpha}) for one adversary (if \alpha > 1/2), and \Theta(n) for the other (if \alpha > 2 considered constant and n \geq 9). The latter is the worst that can happen for any adversary in this model (if \alpha = \Omega(1)). This points out substantial differences between unilateral and bilateral link formation

A Synthesis of Literature Examining the Structured Teaching Components of the TEACCH Model Employing the Use of a Visual Conceptual Model

A synthesis of research on the TEACCH Model was conducted to determine which components of Structured Teaching under the TEACCH model meet criteria as evidenced based practices using the Reichow, Volkmar, and Cicchetti criteria (2007) along with reporting on the findings of the National Autism Center report (2009). The critical components of the Structured Teaching approach under the TEACCH model as defined by Schopler et al. (1995) are: physical structure; visual schedules; work systems; and task organization. Our analysis found visual schedules met the Reichow et al. (2008) criteria and a case can be made for task organization. A secondary purpose of the synthesis was to visually represent the integration and separation of what researchers mean when they refer to the implementation of the TEACCH model. Components of the Structured Teaching approach under the TEACCH model along with the TEACCH philosophy /model are depicted using a proposed conceptual model

Igualdade ou indiferença?: qual o melhor caminho na busca pela dignidade?

O presente estudo, vinculado à linha de pesquisa Fundamentos Constitucionais do Direito Público e do Direito Privado, analisa o problema da igualdade sob um enfoque interculturalista, vinculando-o à liberdade e à dignidade da pessoa humana. Sustenta que todos têm direito a um espaço de luta para desenvolver as suas capacidades, agregando à dignidade da pessoa humana o conceito de atributo como um espaço de luta para o desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades, no intuito de alcançar um crescimento individual em um processo emancipatório contínuo, na confrontação com a pobreza e à marginalização. Para tanto, utiliza-se a estreita ligação da igualdade com a liberdade, para que se possa defender a existência de igual proteção da dignidade, mas com a autonomia de ser diferente, se assim o desejar. O caminho utilizado prega a união de políticas públicas, tanto de reconhecimento quanto de redistribuição, para que se possa acreditar que se tem o direito de ser o que se quiser ser: diferentes, iguais ou indiferentes

Strategic Network Formation with Attack and Immunization

Strategic network formation arises where agents receive benefit from connections to other agents, but also incur costs for forming links. We consider a new network formation game that incorporates an adversarial attack, as well as immunization against attack. An agent's benefit is the expected size of her connected component post-attack, and agents may also choose to immunize themselves from attack at some additional cost. Our framework is a stylized model of settings where reachability rather than centrality is the primary concern and vertices vulnerable to attacks may reduce risk via costly measures. In the reachability benefit model without attack or immunization, the set of equilibria is the empty graph and any tree. The introduction of attack and immunization changes the game dramatically; new equilibrium topologies emerge, some more sparse and some more dense than trees. We show that, under a mild assumption on the adversary, every equilibrium network with $n$ agents contains at most $2n-4$ edges for $n\geq 4$. So despite permitting topologies denser than trees, the amount of overbuilding is limited. We also show that attack and immunization don't significantly erode social welfare: every non-trivial equilibrium with respect to several adversaries has welfare at least as that of any equilibrium in the attack-free model. We complement our theory with simulations demonstrating fast convergence of a new bounded rationality dynamic which generalizes linkstable best response but is considerably more powerful in our game. The simulations further elucidate the wide variety of asymmetric equilibria and demonstrate topological consequences of the dynamics e.g. heavy-tailed degree distributions. Finally, we report on a behavioral experiment on our game with over 100 participants, where despite the complexity of the game, the resulting network was surprisingly close to equilibrium.Comment: The short version of this paper appears in the proceedings of WINE-1

Estudo epidemiológico de óbitos por suicídio na região da grande Florianópolis de 1991 a 2005.

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Curso de Medicina. Departamento de Clínica Médica

Approximating Implicit and Explicit Mentalizing with Two Naturalistic Video-Based Tasks in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been proposed to show greater impairments in implicit than explicit mentalizing. To test this proposition, we developed two comparable naturalistic tasks for a performance-based approximation of implicit and explicit mentalizing in 28 individuals with ASD and 23 matched typically developed (TD) participants. Although both tasks were sensitive to the social impairments of individuals with ASD, implicit mentalizing was not more dysfunctional than explicit mentalizing. In TD participants, performance on the tasks did not correlate with each other, whereas in individuals with ASD they were highly correlated. These findings suggest that implicit and explicit mentalizing processes are separable in typical development. In contrast, in individuals with ASD implicit and explicit mentalizing processes are similarly impaired and closely linked suggesting a lack of developmental specification of these processes in ASD.German Research Foundation (Grant EXC 302